Tapescript

SECTION 1

Woman Good morning. How can I help you?

Hello, I’m interested in renting an apartment in the city, so I’m just ringing
Man
to see if there are any apartments available.
Woman All right. Could I have your name, please?
Man Yes, it’s Frederick Abberline.
Woman Hmm… could you spell your last name, please?
Man Sure. It’s A-B-B-E-R-L-I-N-E.
Woman A-B-B-E-R-L-I-N-E. Thank you. And what do you do for a living?
Well, currently I’m working as a clockmaker in a factory, and I’ve been doing
Man
that for a few years now.
Woman I see. Could you tell me where you live, Mr. Abberline?
Please, call me Fred. And I’m living in Salisbury Street. It is located in
Man
Blandford Forum, Dorset.
Woman Could you spell the name of the street, Fred?
Man Sure. It’s S-A-L-I-S-B-U-R-Y.
Woman Thank you. Do you have any contact phone number?
Yes sure, let me give you my office phone number: It’s 02 4533 8648. Oh
Man wait, actually, I think it will be better if I give you my personal phone number.
It’s 02 45… oh sorry, actually it’s 02 4835 0348.
Woman Alright. Let me note that down: 02 48 … Got it!
...
Okay. Right now there are three apartments that are available for you, do
Woman
you want to know more about these apartments?
Yeah sure, just give me a second to find a pen and a piece of paper… All
Man
right, keep going!
The first one is on Cleveland Street. The previous tenant just left about two
Woman weeks ago, so there isn’t anyone living there at the moment. This one’s got
a big living room, and of course a separate kitchen.
Man Hmm… so what about the rent?
The good news is that it’s only 250 dollars a month, and in this area there
Woman
are a lot of access to public transport.
Man Is there an air conditioner in this apartment?
I’m afraid not, unfortunately. This apartment is only equipped with ceiling
Woman
fans in the living room.
Hm, well that’s too bad, I really can’t stand the heat in the summer, you
Man
know. So ... could you tell me about the other locations, please?
The second one is situated in Gilbert Road. It’s more expensive than the
Woman
previous one, at 450 dollars per month. It has a living room, a kitchen and a
 closet as well. There are a lot of modern facilities close to this area, such as
shopping malls and healthcare centers.
Ok that sounds pretty good. But I’m afraid it’s too far away from my
workplace, it’ll probably take me about an hour to go to work if I live in that
Man
area, and I think the monthly rent is too expensive for me anyway. How
about the other location?
This one is located in Fleet Street, and the good news is it only costs you
319 dollars per month. It has a living room, of course, with a kitchen and a
Woman
dining room… Oh I forgot to mention, there’s also a large bathroom in this
apartment, which could be convenient for you.
Yeah, that would be better than having no air conditioning, and this location
Man is also really close to my workplace, which means I can probably get there
on foot in just a few minutes.
Yes. However, because this area is really close to main streets, so it’s quite
Woman
noisy, especially at night, not to mention a lot of karaoke clubs around.
Hm I see. Well, at least I can afford this apartment every month. Could we
Man arrange a meeting next week so that you can take me to see this apartment,
please?
Woman Yes, of course.

SECTION 2

Good morning, and welcome to the city’s art museum where you can enjoy a range of
exhibits of European Art from the ancient times through to the 20 th century. My name is
Thomas Gabriel and I am going to tell you about the various collections here as we go on
our tour. But before we start, let me tell you some basic information about the museum.
First of all, in order to satisfy the needs of our visitors, we’ve decided to extend the
opening hours of the museum. We now open from 8.30 a.m. to 9.00 p.m. every day of the
week, except on Monday, when we close at 3.00 p.m. The museum is also open 363 days
a year. The only days when we’re closed are the 25th of December and the 1st of January.
Now, considering the history of this area and the museum itself, this place has been called
“The Food Town” since the early 1920s because there are several restaurants which serve
a wide range of dishes from different places around world. Many of the restaurants have
stood here for nearly a century. The museum was built over 50 years ago after the
demolition of a warehouse, due to its owners going bankrupt. At first, the museum was
quite small, but thanks to financial support from the local people as well as the city council,
we’ve managed to expand it into the large building that you’re seeing right now. In 1990,
the managers of the museum had to make a difficult decision to shut down the museum’s
operation due to a very bad storm which caused serious damage to our facilities. Despite
the efforts of the staff working here and the money from local people, it still took us a
year to rebuild the place.
With regards to the collections in our museum, we have a variety of paintings and
sculptures, especially those from the Medieval period. Most of the pictures here are
original works of ancient and modern art, some are over 700 years old. Since we reaIrise
that many visitors would like to find out more information about art from ancient times, 3
years ago we decided to open a lecture hall where people can come and listen to lectures
about how artists in ancient times created their works. In addition, we have recently
opened a new restaurant inside the museum where you can come and enjoy excellent
food whilst admiring some of the masterpieces displayed around the room. And of course,
all the paintings in the restaurant are originals. Now, If you really want to learn more about
art, every Saturday we organize a one-day class in the lecture hall to teach you how to
create a painting using the same techniques as our ancestors from a few hundred years
ago. On the next day, there will be an expert giving a talk about how paintings were
created at that time.
......
Now here’s some more practical information. There are 3 floors at this museum and we’re
going to start our tour on the ground floor. When you walk through the main entrance,
the first thing that you’ll see is the ticket counter. Here, you can buy tickets for your visit.
At the end of the tour, you can also return to this counter to buy some souvenirs for your
friends and family. Very close to the ticket counter is a statue. This is a replica of a beautiful
sculpture from the 15th century. Unfortunately, the original work was destroyed during
World War 2. Behind this statue is the staircase leading to the first floor of the museum
and to the right of it, you can find the lecture hall where we organize the many interesting
lectures that I’ve already told you about.
Next, if you turn left after crossing the ticket counter, the first exhibition room is
immediately to your left. It is the biggest room on this floor. In front of this room, you’ll
find two other rooms next to each other. The one on your right is the gallery where we
exhibit collections of pictures with different topics every week. After that, if you want to
have a fancy lunch or dinner at a place full of wonderful artworks, you can visit our
restaurant. It is next to the exhibition room, on the left. You can also enter the restaurant
by using a separate entrance.
Now I can see that many of you here are teachers and some have told me that they would
like to book a tour to the museum for their students. In this case, you can contact our
manager in his office. You can easily find it on your right hand-side, right after you cross
the entrance. inally, some of the people here might be interested in photography.
Fortunately, we also have a room to exhibit a huge collection of photographs from about
a hundred years ago up until now. Many of these photographs depict the horror of war.
In order to get to the photography room, when you leave the exhibition are, go to the
opposite room on the left, near the toilet in the corner of the floor.
Now, if you’ve got anything to leave in your cloak room, please do that now, and then
we’re gonna start our tour.

SECTION 3
Olgierd Hey Gaunter, come and take a seat. Iris and I also just arrived.
Gaunter Hi guys, phew … this is my third meeting today. I mean, this week is so
stressful and it’s not even the final week yet.
Iris Sorry to hear that, but think about it this way, the earlier we start working
on it, the quicker we finish it. And this is just a presentation, which means
we don’t have to write an essay. That’s a big plus, right?
Olgierd I agree. So, let’s get started. The topic of our presentation, as we discussed
last week, would be Vietnam’s higher education system: an overview of
public and private universities. But Iris just pointed out a brilliant idea. We
should also include foreign universities like RMIT or BUV into our research.
Gaunter Hmm. Why? Don’t you think adding more variables is going to make our
report less focused? Are you worried that we won’t have enough materials
to cover a 10-minute presentation?
Iris No Gaunter. We just want to have more students to interview to increase
the accuracy of the report since I’m afraid we don’t have enough
participants. And also three of my cousins are attending RMIT, the first
foreign-owned college here, so it will be really easy to ask for their
participation in our survey.
Olgierd Yeah, and speaking of survey. We haven’t decided on what type of survey
we will conduct yet. How about a face-to-face interview?
Iris Doesn’t that mean we will have to meet hundreds of survey participants in
person and ask the same questions over, again and again? I don’t think we
have enough time or energy to do that.
Gaunter Iris has a point. I thought about this too and at first I thought telephone
interview might work. But it just sounds like telemarketing and most
undergraduates hate telesales. What about an online questionnaire?
Olgierd Good idea. That way we can get access to more students without spending
a lot of time and effort. People tend to be more friendly towards online
surveys too. Finally, what type of questions will we include in our survey,
guys? Remember, the point is to find out how and why high-school leavers
choose their next destination for study.
Iris As long as it’s not short answers. I hate those types of questions. They are
two vague and ambiguous. “Why did you choose your school?” “Err…
because my parents made me?”
Gaunter Yeah, I think we should come up with choices for them to choose from.
People love being given a selection to choose from, since we love to have
control. That’s the psychology of choice. I just learnt it in my Psychology
class.
Olgierd You’re such a nerd, Gaunter. And we should make them rank their selection
for more depth and accuracy?
Gaunter Nah. That would be too complicated. Students may just decide randomly.
...
Iris Alright so let’s start noting down the reasons behind high school student’s
decisions for their next destination, shall we?
Olgierd The first reason I can think of is the popularity of the institution. I mean
every student wants to attend a well-known school. That’s why I chose this
school. Getting accepted into a reputable college also gains students
bragging rights with their peers.
Iris I think, although foreign higher education institutes are getting more and
more recognition, public universities are still more popular and highly
regarded among students, such as the Foreign Trade University.
Gaunter A popular school doesn’t always equal quality, does it? If I were to choose,
I would pick a school with the best professors.
Olgierd That’s another important reason. My friends at Hong Bang, one of the
biggest private universities in Vietnam, always talked about how
knowledgeable their lecturers are.
Iris Right but I think this is one of the strengths of foreign-owned institutions. I
mean most teachers must have formal qualifications from prestigious
universities. And besides knowledge, professors at foreign colleges, who are
native speakers, might also help students to improve their English skills as
well.
Olgierd Excellent point as always, Iris. How about the tuition fee?
Gaunter Oh yeah, I almost forgot, the winner is undoubtedly private colleges. Thanks
to the government’s support, the average annual fee for an academic year
at a private institute tends to be really budget-friendly no matter the
students’ financial situation. Meanwhile, RMIT undergrads often need to
pay a lot of money to afford these high-quality services.
Olgierd Actually, I found out from my research that private universities offer many
types of scholarships for low-income students or high school students with
a high GPA, thus making them one of the best options for college applicants
who are concerned about the tuition.
Iris I agree with Olgierd. And I think campus infrastructure should also be taken
into consideration when thinking about where you will spend your next 4
years to study, right guys?
Gaunter Well, It’s a matter of debate between foreign and private schools then.
Public university facilities are just terrible. I mean look at our school’s toilet…
Olgierd It’s public, duh.
Iris The article I read stated that privately-owned universities are usually larger
in size compared to their foreign-owned counterparts, yet, foreign
universities are equipped with more modern buildings and equipment to
meet a high standard, so they have a slight edge there.
Olgierd I just added one more factor: the learning environment for students, which
type of school do you think offers a better environment for its students?
Iris Foreign institutions again for sure. They provide an English-speaking
environment for students.
Gaunter True but I just came across an online article that said private schools rank
first in terms of creating an engaging learning environment thanks to small
class sizes and a large number of clubs and extracurricular activities.
Iris Interesting. Oh, I just reaIized career opportunities guys. Some students are
really concerned about it.
Olgierd How did I miss that? Well, it has to be public universities. Since most
recruiters still believe in reputation, fresh graduates from these schools are
more welcomed than others, while a bachelor degree from a private
university will probably get you a job from companies that invest in those
schools.
Iris We have quite a few, huh. Let’s include one more. Entry barrier. Which type
of organization is most difficult to get an acceptance letter?
Gaunter Most public schools require applicants to pass a university entrance
examination. For foreign schools you need to achieve a certain score in an
English proficiency test, while students just need a high-school certificate
to enrol in a public school.
Iris My cousins said even if you don’t get the required English score, they will
accept you anyway and just add some compulsory English courses. So I
guess it is the easiest type of college to get into.
Olgierd Alright. Let’s call it a day and start making the survey in our next meeting.
Good work guys!
SECTION 4

Good morning, I am Dr Marvin Forest, and today I will be talking with you about
immunotherapy, a treatment approach that harnesses the power of our own immune
systems to fight against cancer.

Recently, there has been some excitement growing about new drugs that have the power
to help unleash the immune system to destroy cancer cells. In fact, just this past year, the
US Food and Drug Administration has approved new immunotherapies for the treatment
of melanoma, lung cancer, bladder cancer, and kidney cancer. Now, although cancer
immunotherapy has only recently attracted widespread attention, its origins go back more
than a century. In the 1890s, William Coley, a surgeon from the New York Cancer Hospital
discovered that cancer patients who suffered from infections after surgery sometimes saw
their cancers regress. His findings led to the development of Coley's toxins, a cocktail of
inactive bacteria injected into tumors that occasionally resulted in complete remission. But
eventually the use of this treatment fell out of favor. In the 1960s and 1970s, researcher
Lloyd Old, from the MSK cancer centre, discovered molecular markers (called antigens) on
the surface of cancer cells, which enabled the development of the first cancer vaccines
and led to the understanding of how certain white blood cells, also known as immune cells,
can be trained to recognize cancer.

In recent years, a number of scientific breakthroughs have helped breathe life into the idea
that a person's immune system is inherently capable of responding to cancer and can be
summoned to effectively defend the body against it. In fact, clinical trials conducted at the
MSK cancer centre and elsewhere have shown remarkable success for new cancer
immunotherapies. One of the pivotal milestones in immunotherapy research was from the
work of immunologist James Allison, who showed that a molecule called CTLA-4 – a
protein receptor on the surface of T cells – acts as a brake on T cells, preventing them
from carrying out immune attacks. He later developed an antibody that blocks CTLA-4
and showed that "releasing" that brake allows T cells to destroy cancer in mice.

Anti-CTLA-4 eventually became Ipilimumab, a drug approved in 2011 for the treatment
of metastatic melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. Dr. Allison, together with
physician-scientist Jedd Wolchok, helped guide the development of the drug from the first
laboratory studies through to the late-stage clinical trials that led to the drug's approval.
Great promises are being shown by this method, which is now known as immune
checkpoint blockade therapy. The MSK Cancer Centre has played a leading role in
developing and testing these promising immunotherapies, which, in addition to
Ipilimumab, include Nivolumab. The therapies have produced remarkable results,
completely controlling cancer in many patients with highly advanced melanoma, as well as
in patients with lung, kidney and bladder cancers.

One study, led by Dr. Wolchok in 2013, found that more than half of patients with
advanced skin melanoma experienced tumor shrinkage of more than 80 percent when
given the combination of these 2 drugs, suggesting that these immunotherapies may work
better together than on their own. This combination of immune drugs was approved by
the FDA in 2015 for use in patients with metastatic melanoma. This is the first-ever
combination immunotherapy to receive approval by the US Food and Drug
Administration.
But, unfortunately the approach does not work for everyone. Research is underway to
help make immunotherapy more widely effective and it's yielding important insights about
how immunotherapy drugs work and how they could be improved. For example, a number
of new experimental researches are now looking more closely at the effectiveness of
combining immunotherapy drugs in order to boost the number of responders. In addition,
investigators are working to better understand how treatment responses relate to the
underlying biology of a tumour. Eventually, the goal is to use characteristics of the tumour
to choose the right therapy for the right patient.

As laboratory research and clinical trials continue at the MSK Cancer Centre and
elsewhere, there will be new opportunities for patients to benefit from immunotherapy —
a promising approach that is transforming the way we think about cancer care.

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