Sports science L5 keystone – spring 2
Q3
Skill- uses a minimum amount of time ans energy, but doing the correct
technique
Ability- inherited from your parents. Stable trait that determines an
individual’s potential to learn a skill.
Q4. The difference between basic and a complex skill, is that a basic skill
is something that can comes easily to a performer for example throwing a
ball, it doesn’t use much concentration and is relatively easy to do.
Whereas a complex skill is a skill which is more strenus for example
hurdling, it will take more concentration and time to learn. A basic skill is
easier to learn when a complex skill takes a longer time to master.
Q5. Open skill – the environment is constantly changing. Can affect the
skill. Often externally paced as the changing environment controls what
skill is performed.
b) penalty kick in football.
c) sporting example- running
closed skills have a stable environment. environment doest change. Skill
is not affected by people. Skill doesn’t change done the same way every
time, often self paced as performed controls when skill starts.
Q6.
S – specific
M - measurable
T – time-bound
b) this is a smart target, because she has stated what she wants to
achieve, she has a measurable target, it is in reason to her last marathon
run. It is a good target so it ahould be accepted by her coach. It is also
very realistic because it is reasonable, she hasn’t set a target completely
unrealistic, for example better her time by an 1 hour, and she can achieve
it in a good enough time bound, because she has a year to achieve it.
c) Performance goal – personal standard to be achieved. Performer would
compare their performance against what they have already done, for
example getting close to their last 100m race.
Outcome goal – focus on end result, usually evolve comparison with other
operation, how the performer plays not seen as important, it is the
outcome that matter. For example winning or losing your hockey match.
d) performance goal- bet last times time in your 800m run
Outcome goal- win the race or hockey game you are playing.
Q7. Extrinsic feedback is better for a beginner in sport because beginners
need positive feedback to stay motivated. Extrinsic feedback is from a
coach or peer. Beginners struggle to process success of their movement
for example relising they have done a good pace into space. This is why
extrinsic is better for beginners because they can rely on others and not
just a self-marked analysis.
Q8. Input- performer takes in information from environment, what they
can see, hear, feel. Choose the most relevant signal, e.g. the football in a
football game. They then must focus on the football, blocking out any
irrelevant sounds. For example the supports shouting instructions.
Decision making- the performer will select an appropriate response from
memory, one they feel comfortable with, and have done before. If they
are confident with the skill and use it constantly it will be kept in their
long-term memory, so it is easier to retrieve. If they don’t use the skill or
movement often it will be kept in their short-term memory, harder to
retrieve. You will also need to choose the type of pass you are doing, for
example a long or short ball.
Output stage- the decision chosen is sent to the appropriate muscles to
carry out the response, e.g. hamstring and hip flexor, if you are passing
the ball in football,
Feedback stage- information is received via performer, is intrinsic, you
might also get feedback they will also receive feedback from their coach
and peers, this is extrinsic feedback. This regards the success or not of the
action. If the feedback was positive, and action was successful, the
information is stored in the long-term memory. If the performance wasn’t
successful the performer will think of the negative side effects and try to
correct them, so next time they can be better. Next time the same
movement or skill comes up they might decide to try something different
because last time it didn’t work.