TRAINING GUIDE

Occupational Area:

CCTSPD2009 – PUBLIC TRANSPORT VEHICLE DRIVING OPERATION

CVQ LEVEL 2

Unit: TS00055 – Minimize Risk when Driving

Prepared by: Krishn Sharma

Date: October 15, 2019

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 INTORDUCTION
In this training guide you will learn how to minimize risk when driving.

The average time to complete this Training guide is 4 hours, this is 4-1-hour sessions
in the classroom/simulation shop

TERMINAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this session, you will learn how to drive defensively (driving
safely) so as to minimize risk(s) when driving. This will incorporate the knowledge
and skills of some major highlights from the Department of Motor Vehicle
Regulations (Guyana) on the chapter entitled “Driving Safely”.

ENABLING OBJECTIVES
1) Use techniques to continually scan the driving space close to the vehicle and
into the distance to prevent possible hazards
2) Use visual clues to predict possible hazards and prepare for situations that
may arise
3) Judge the significance of possible hazards and prioritize responses to ensure
the safety of all road users.
4) Respond to hazards using a safe and systematic approach

The procedures to follow in order to master this TPO are documented below. After
the procedures, go to the Self-Check for that particular set and answer the questions
or carry out the activity.

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 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

1) Why be a defensive driver?

Defensive drivers are able to avoid dangers on the road by using their safe
driving practices.

2) What is Defensive Driving (DD)?

It is a set of driving skills that allows you to defend yourself (and protect others)
against possible collisions caused by:
1) bad drivers;
2) drunk drivers; and
3) poor weather.
If you look ahead and keep your eyes moving, you will spot potential hazards
more easily. Once you have identified a potential hazard and decided what to
do, act immediately.

3) Defensive Driving Techniques

1) Plan ahead for the unexpected.
2) Be able to control speed.
3) Be prepared to react to other drivers.
4) Do not expect the other driver to do what you think he or she should do.
5) Respect other users of the roadway.
6) Be aware of driving in special road and weather conditions.
7) Be alert and avoid distractions e.g., cell phone use, eating

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  How to plan ahead for the unexpected:
 Think safety first.
 Be aware of your surroundings — pay attention.
 Do not depend on other drivers.
 Follow the 3- to 4-second rule.
 Keep your speed down.
 Have an escape route.
 Separate risks.
 Cut out distractions.

KEY NOTE:

Don't make assumptions about other drivers’ intentions. These include:

1) Do not expect drivers in parked vehicles to remain parked at all times;
2) Always yield at intersections;
3) Remain in one lane at all times; and
4) Expect the risk being caught off guard when drivers do not do what's expected.

In addition:
 Expect other drivers to make mistakes and be prepared to react. If a mistake is
made, you will be ready to defend yourself.
 Never assume that other drivers are sober, alert, and follow the rules of the road
at all times.

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 ENABLING OBJECTIVES

Enabling Objective 1
Use techniques to continually scan the driving space close to the vehicle and into the
distance to prevent possible hazards

Scanning — a Smart Driving Technique

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Scanning is a way to view the “total traffic scene” as you drive. It prevents tunnel vision,
which can isolate you from what is going on in the distance as well as all around your
vehicle. Scanning helps drivers remain alert and be prepared for hazards or traffic
conflicts ahead.

Diagram: Scanning when driving a motor car

The Elements of Scanning

 Looking at least a block ahead (quarter-mile ahead).

 Glancing slightly to the left and right of the roadway to look for approaching
danger from cross streets, or animals or children darting into the roadway.
 Checking your rearview and side view mirrors every five to eight seconds.
 Turning to look over either shoulder to check your blind spots, especially
before changing lanes.

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 Diagram: Scanning when driving a motor cycle

For more information see:

[Link]
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AhVEXawKHUuuDSsQ_AUIESgB&biw=1440&bih=758

Enabling Objective 2
Use visual clues to predict possible hazards and prepare for situations that may arise

Visual clues to predict possible hazard when driving

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Visual clues to predict possible hazard in time to take suitable evasive action and avoid
a crash is an essential part of safe driving. Note: It's important to learn how to recognize
and avoid hazards while driving to improve road safety for yourself and other road
users.

What is a hazard?

A hazard can be any possible source of danger on or near the road that could lead to
a crash, and it can come from any direction. It could be a:
 Child chasing a ball onto the road.
 Beware of animal area.

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  Parked car door opening.
 Vehicle merging into your lane or stopping suddenly in front of you.
 Slippery road surface during/after rain.

Experience in driving

As drivers gain experience, they develop skills in scanning the road ahead and around
them, and they become better at recognizing that a potentially dangerous situation is
developing. This early detection gives them more time to make a decision about the
hazard and respond to it appropriately.

Enabling Objective 3
Judge the significance of possible hazards (hazard perception) and prioritize responses
to ensure the safety of all road users.

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Hazard Perception

Hazard perception in driving terms can be defined as:

“'The art of being able to pick out the important details from all the information
provided by your senses.”

A perceptive driver must look for clues and build up a mental picture of what they
think might happen next in order to anticipate the actions of other road users and to
determine any risks.

Hazard perception my include:

 Road signs  Pedestrians
 Location  Motorcyclists
 Time of day  Drivers
 Other road users  Large vehicles
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  What other drivers cannot see  Apply the Hazard Drill in good
 The weather and visibility time
 Defensive driving  Give yourself plenty of space
 Look well ahead and perceive  Space to the front Space to the
potential problems early sides
 Space to the rear

Hazard perception skills

While hazard perception skills can only truly be acquired through experience
(preferably under the guidance of a professional driving instructor) you can speed up
the learning process by having a better understanding of the factors that an expert
driver considers when building up this mental picture of what is likely to happen next.

For more information see:

[Link]
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3..12900...0.0..0.733.5483.0j5j5j2j2j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz-
img.......0i67.m0V843B9Mz4&ved=0ahUKEwjKl7a7jJzlAhUOvp4KHT7vDFkQ4d
UDCAY&uact=5

SELF-CHECK EXERCISE:

1) Explain what is defensive driving.

2) What are some of the techniques used to continually scan the driving space
close to the vehicle?
3) Explain how you can predict possible hazards and prepare for situations that
may arise?
4) How would you respond to hazards using a safe and systematic approach?

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FOR MORE REFERENCES:

URLs

[Link]
PI78-gS-
3rPIBQ&q=hazard+perception&oq=hazard+perception&gs_l=img.3..0l10.7851.1227
3..12900...0.0..0.733.5483.0j5j5j2j2j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz-
img.......0i67.m0V843B9Mz4&ved=0ahUKEwjKl7a7jJzlAhUOvp4KHT7vDFkQ4d
UDCAY&uact=5

[Link]
=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiO7YOY-
ZvlAhVQR60KHTbYAgcQ_AUIESgB&biw=1440&bih=758

[Link]
[Link]

Krishn Sharma
October 15, 2019

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