DEFINITION
Hard water and soft water
Hard water is water with excess calcium and magnesium, while soft water is free
from these harsh minerals that can damage your home and body. It is gentle, with
calcium and magnesium removed through water softener systems
Salt
any chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with all or
part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a metal or other cation
Percipitates
cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution:
Chemical decomposition:
It is the process or effect of simplifying a single chemical entity (normal molecule,
reaction intermediate, etc.) into two or more fragments
Aldehyde, any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon atom shares
a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and a
single bond with another atom or group of atoms (designated R in general chemical
formulas and structure diagrams).
phenol, any of a family of organic compounds characterized by a hydroxyl
(―OH) group attached to a carbon atom that is part of an aromatic ring.
Titration
ascertain the amount of a constituent in (a solution) by measuring the volume of a
known concentration of reagent required to complete a reaction with it, typically
using an indicator
Carboxyl group :
The functional group of a carboxylic acid, characterized by a carbonyl group bonded
to a hydroxyl group. 'Carboxyl' can be thought of as a contraction of carbonyl
hydroxyl. The carboxyl group moiety in acetic acid.
molarity
The molarity is defined as the total number of moles of solute present in a given
solution per liter
PH
a figure expressing the acidity or alkalinity of a solution on a logarithmic scale on
which 7 is neutral, lower values are more acid and higher values more alkaline
Cation
Cations are positively charged ions. They are formed when a metal loses its
electrons. They lose one or more than one electron. It has fewer electrons than
protons. Therefore, they possess a net positive charge. Some examples of cations are
Calcium (Ca2+), Potassium (K+), hydrogen (H+
Anion
Anions are negatively charged ions. They are formed when non-metal gains the
electrons. They gain one or more than one electron. Therefore, they possess a net
negative charge. Some examples of anions are Iodide (I–), chloride (Cl–), hydroxide
(OH–).
Halide
A halide ion is an anion of a halogen atom with a charge of -1123. It is present in
ionic halide salts and halide minerals34. A binary compound of a halogen and a more
electropositive element is also called a halide
HYDROGENATION OF BANASPATI GHEE
REGENERATION OF NA Z
WHY CONC HCL IS USED IN FLAME TEST
The purpose of using conc. HCl is to convert the compounds into their
metallic chlorides.