RESEARCH STATISTICS
Analysing
Mediation Model
DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)
Prof Dr Chua Yan Piaw
University of Malaya
A Mediator
It explains how an element (e.g.
EQ, personality) or behaviour
(like positive thinking,
motivation) in a variable takes on
the direct relationship between
the IV and DV.
Mediating effect establishes /
enhances or reduces the effect of
the IV on the DV.
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What is mediating effect?
A mediation model
Mediator
0.5 0.5
IV DV
0.3
Direct effect: A→B
Indirect effect: A→C→B (or A→C x C→B)
Total effect: Direct effect + Indirect effect
Indirect effect = mediating effect
Mediating effect = 0.5x0.5 = 0.25
Total effect = 0.3 + 0.25 = 0.55
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The importance of studying mediating effect
Is the direct effect of Intention on
Motivation = .74?
Mis-interpreting the relationship
between IV-DV without studying or
analysing the mediator.
2
What is mediating effect?
IDE
DE
[Link] DE is sig and IDE is not sig, no mediating
effect.
[Link] DE & IDE are sig, partial mediating effect
occurs
[Link] DE is not sig and IDE is sig, full mediating
effect occurs.
What is the mediating effect?
✓ ✓
✓
Partial mediating effect
The mediator enhances (+ effect) or
reduces (- effect) the relationship
between A and B.
3
What is the mediating effect?
✓ ✓
X
Full mediating effect
The mediator creates the indirect
relationship between A and B.
Without the mediator, the relationship
between A – B does not occur.
What is the mediating effect?
✓ X X ✓
X ✓
No mediating effect
The mediator does not create ot enhance
the relationship A-B
4
Can Gender or Age be a mediator?
Gender
Impossible
path
Attitude Creativity
No
Natural occurrence demographic
variables can not be mediators.
Example 5
A study is conducted to examine whether
Work stress has an impact on the effect of
Work Motivation of bank officers on their
Work performance.
Research objective:
Research question:
Research hypothesis:
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5
Research objective:
To investigate the effect of Work stress
on the relationship between Work
Motivation and Work performance.
Research question:
What is the effect of Work stress on the
relationship between Work Motivation
and Work performance?
Research hypothesis:
Work stress has a significant effect on
the relationship between Work Motivation
and Work performance.
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The hypothesized model
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6
PLS-SEM analysis for mediating effect
1. Loadings
2. Validity and reliability
3. Multicollinearity
4. Mediating effect
5. Predictive power
6. Model fit
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Result of PLSc Bootstrapping
Result: No mediating effect of Stress was found
[Motivation Stress Performance (β = 0.124, T-
statistics = 0.779, p > 0.05)]
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Example 6:
Using the data file Data Example 6,
analyse the effect of Helping behavior on
the relationship between Work Intention
and Work Motivation.
Report the findings
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Result of PLSc Bootstrapping
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Mediating effect
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Intention Motivation
Direct effect = 0.624 Indirect effect
(mediating effect) = 0.243
Total effect = 0.624 + 0.243
= 0.867
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9
Result of Predictive Power
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Report:
Helping behavior significantly mediates
the relationship between Work Intention
and Work Motivation (Work intention
Helping behavior Work motivation: β =
0.243, T-statistics = 0.77, 4.445, p < 0.05).
Helping behavior is a partial mediator (β =
0.243) that enhances the relationship of
Intention and Motivation from β = 0.624 to
β = 0.867.
The mediating effect size of Helping
behavior is medium.
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RESEARCH STATISTICS
DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)
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Example 6a: Parallel mediating effects
A researcher proposed that a person’s
performance is affected by his mindset.
Besides that, he wants to know whether
the relationship between mindset and
performance is mediated by three parallel
mediators EQ, Communication and Self-
confidence.
Using the data file Data Example 6a,
analyse the mediating effects of EQ,
Communication and Self-confidence on
the relationship between Mindset and
Performance.
Report the findings.
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Conceptual framework
IV: Mindset
DV: Performance
Parallel mediators: Confidence, EQ and Communication
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Example 6b: Sequential mediating effects
Using the data file Data Example 6a,
analyse the sequential mediating effects
of EQ, Communication on the relationship
between Mindset and Performance.
Report the findings.
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RESEARCH STATISTICS DR CHUA YAN PIAW (UM)