1

1 Mario tests new cars. ruvimbo maonera

The probability that a car is faulty is 0.04 .

(a) Find the probability that a car is not faulty.

0.06
...................................................... [1]

(b) In one week Mario tests 850 cars.

Find the number of cars that are expected to be faulty.

340
...................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

2 A bag contains 5 red balls, 4 blue balls and 3 green balls.

Marie picks balls at random, without replacement, from the 12 balls.
When she picks a green ball she stops.

The probability that she picks a green ball on pick n is .

Find the value of n.

n = ................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

3 The probability of picking a red sweet from a bag is 0.05 .

Find the probability of not picking a red sweet.

0.05
................................................... [1]
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[Total: 1]

4 The Venn diagram shows the number of students in a class of 40 who study physics (P), mathematics (M)
and geography (G).

(a) Use set notation to describe the shaded region.

................................................... [1]

(b) Find .

3
................................................... [1]

(c) A student is chosen at random from those studying geography.

Find the probability that this student also studies physics or mathematics but not both.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

5 A bag contains 5 red balls and 3 blue balls.

Sophie takes a ball at random, notes its colour and then puts it back in the bag.
She does this a second time.
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(a) Complete the tree diagram.

First ball Second ball

Red

5 Red
8

Blue

Red

Blue

Blue
[2]

(b) Work out the probability that both of the balls she takes are blue.

...................................... [2]

[Total: 4]

6 On any day, the probability that Marcus will get a seat on the school bus is 0.93 .

(a) Write down the probability that he will not get a seat on the school bus today.

0.07
................................................... [1]

(b) There are 200 school days in a year.

Work out the expected number of days in a year that Marcus will not get a seat.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]
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7 In a class activity, all the 15 students wear hats.

7 students wear red hats, 6 students wear green hats and 2 students wear white hats.

(a) One of these students is picked at random.

Find the probability that this student wears a red hat.

................................................... [1]

(b) Two of the 15 students are picked at random.

Show that the probability that these two students wear hats of the same colour is .

[3]

(c) Three of the 15 students are picked at random.

Find the probability that at least two of these three students wear red hats.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 8]
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8 A bag contains 5 red balls, 4 blue balls and 3 green balls.

Mick picks 2 of the 12 balls at random, without replacement.

Calculate the probability that the balls are different colours.

......................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

V E N N D I A G R A M

The diagram shows 11 cards.

(a) One of these cards is chosen at random.

Write down the probability that the letter on the card is not A.

................................................... [1]

(b) A card is chosen at random from these 11 cards and then replaced.
A second card is then chosen at random.

Find the probability that exactly one card has the letter N.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]
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10 12 friends travel to a festival.

5 travel by car, 4 travel by bus and 3 travel by train.
Two people are chosen at random from the 12 friends.

Calculate the probability that they travel by different types of transport.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

11 The speed, v km/h, of each of 200 cars passing a building is measured.

The table shows the results.

Speed (v km/h)

Frequency 16 34 62 58 26 4

(a) Calculate an estimate of the mean.

10×16 + 30×34 + 42,5×62 + 47,5×58 + 55×26 + 70×4

16+34+62+58+26+4

................................................... km/h [4]

(b) (i) Use the frequency table to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Speed (v km/h)

Cumulative frequency 16 50 112 170 196 200

[1]
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(ii) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency diagram.

[3]

(iii) Use your diagram to find an estimate of

A the upper quartile,

48
................................................... km/h [1]
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B the number of cars with a speed greater than 35 km/h.

150
................................................... [2]

(c) Two of the 200 cars are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both have a speed greater than 50 km/h.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 13]

12 Esme has a bag with 5 green counters and 4 red counters.

She takes three counters at random from the bag without replacement.

Work out the probability that the three counters are all the same colour.

................................................... [4]

[Total: 4]

13 Angelo has a bag containing 3 white counters and x black counters.

He takes two counters at random from the bag, without replacement.
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(a) Complete the following statement.

The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is

[2]

(b) The probability that Angelo takes two black counters is .

(i) Show that .

[4]

(ii) Solve by factorisation.

x = .............................. or x = .............................. [3]

(iii) Write down the number of black counters in the bag.

12
................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]
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14 Ravi has a bag that contains 10 red balls and 8 blue balls.
He takes two balls at random from the bag, without replacement.

Find the probability that one ball is red and one ball is blue.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

15
E M

............. .......... .............

.............

50 students are asked if they like English (E) and if they like mathematics (M).
3 say they do not like English and do not like mathematics.
33 say they like English.
42 say they like mathematics.

(a) Complete the Venn diagram. [2]

(b) A student is chosen at random.

Find the probability that this student likes English and likes mathematics.

................................................... [1]

(c) Two students are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both like mathematics.

................................................... [2]
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(d) Two students who like English are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both also like mathematics.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 7]

16 A biased 4-sided dice is rolled.

The possible scores are 1, 2, 3 or 4.
The probability of rolling a 1, 3 or 4 is shown in the table.

Score 1 2 3 4

Probability 0.15 0,2 0.3 0.35

Complete the table. [2]

[Total: 2]

17 The probability that a tin of paint is dented is 0.07 .

Out of 3000 tins of paint, how many would you expect to be dented?

Answer ................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

18 6 5
6 7

5
3 5

8
2

The diagram shows a fair 9-sided spinner.

The numbers on the spinner are 2, 3, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7 and 8.
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(a) The spinner is spun once.

Write down the probability that the spinner lands on

(i) the number 8,

................................................... [1]

(ii) a number less than 7.

................................................... [1]

(b) The spinner is spun 135 times.

Work out the expected number of times the spinner lands on the number 6.

................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

19 The probability that Shalini is late for school on any day is .

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(a) Complete the tree diagram for Monday and Tuesday.

Monday Tuesday

Late
........

Late

........
........
Not late

Late
........

........
Not late

........
Not late
[2]

(b) Calculate the probability that Shalini is late on Monday but is not late on Tuesday.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 4]
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20 The table shows the relative frequency of the games won by a football team.

Result of game won lost drawn

Relative frequency 0.1 (0.9 - x )×2 0.9 - x

The number of games lost is twice the number of games drawn.

Complete the table.

[3]

[Total: 3]

21 A bag contains different coloured counters.

Sasha takes a counter at random, records its colour, and replaces it.
She does this 90 times and records her results in the pie chart below.

Green

Red

136°
148°

Blue

(a) Write down the relative frequency of Sasha choosing a red counter.

Answer(a) ................................................... [1]

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(b) Work out the number of times a green counter is chosen.

Answer(b) ................................................... [3]

[Total: 4]

22 The probability that Jane wins a game is

Find the probability that Jane does not win the game.

..................................... [1]

[Total: 1]

23

Bag A Bag B

Bag A contains 2 black marbles and 3 white marbles.

Bag B contains 5 black marbles and 8 white marbles.

(a) Write down the probability that a marble picked at random from bag A is black.

................................................... [1]

(b) Toby says,

‘You are more likely to pick a black marble at random from bag B than from bag A
because bag B has more black marbles.’

Is Toby correct?
Give a reason for your answer.

no bag A has less white marbles compared to bag b

.............................. because ....................................................................................................... [2]
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(c) Toby adds some marbles to bag B.

The probability of picking a black marble at random from either bag is now the same.

Work out the smallest number of black marbles and white marbles he adds to bag B.

Black ...................................................

White ................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

24 Tanya plants some seeds.

The probability that a seed will produce flowers is 0.8 .
When a seed produces flowers, the probability that the flowers are red is 0.6 and the probability that the
flowers are yellow is 0.3 .

(a) Tanya has a seed that produces flowers.

Find the probability that the flowers are not red and not yellow.

................................................... [1]

(b) (i) Complete the tree diagram.

[2]
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(ii) Find the probability that a seed chosen at random produces red flowers.

................................................... [2]

(iii) Tanya chooses a seed at random.

Find the probability that this seed does not produce red flowers and does not produce yellow
flowers.

................................................... [3]

(c) Two of the seeds are chosen at random.

Find the probability that one produces flowers and one does not produce flowers.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 11]

25
On any Saturday, the probability that Arun plays football is .

On any Saturday, the probability that Bob plays football is .

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(a) (i) Complete the tree diagram.

[2]
(ii) Calculate the probability that, one Saturday, Arun and Bob both play football.

................................................... [2]

(iii) Calculate the probability that, one Saturday, either Arun plays football or Bob plays football,
but not both.

................................................... [3]
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(b) Calculate the probability that Bob plays football for 2 of the next 3 Saturdays.

................................................... [3]

(c) When Arun plays football, the probability that he scores the winning goal is .

Calculate the probability that Arun scores the winning goal one Saturday.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 12]

26 The heights, h metres, of the 120 boys in an athletics club are recorded.
The table shows information about the heights of the boys.

Height
(h metres)

Frequency 7 18 30 24 27 14

(a) (i) Write down the modal class.

.............................. .............................. [1]

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(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean height.

(1,35×7)+(1,45×18)+(1,55×30)+(1,65×24)+(1,75×27)+(1,85×14)

7+18+30+24+27+14

1,62333333
1,62333333
................................................... m [4]

(b) (i) One boy is chosen at random from the club.

Find the probability that this boy has a height greater than 1.8 m.

................................................... [1]
(ii) Three boys are chosen at random from the club.

Calculate the probability that one of the boys has a height greater than 1.8 m and the other two
boys each have a height of 1.4 m or less.

................................................... [4]

(c) (i) Use the frequency table to complete the cumulative frequency table.

Height
(h metres)
Cumulative 55 79 106
7 25 120
frequency

[2]
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(ii) On the grid, draw a cumulative frequency diagram to show this information.

[3]

(d) Use your diagram to find an estimate for

(i) the median height,

1,63
................................................... m [1]

(ii) the 40th percentile.

1,59
................................................... m [2]

[Total: 18]

27 The probability that Andrei cycles to school is r.

(a) Write down, in terms of r, the probability that Andrei does not cycle to school.

1.0 - r
................................................... [1]

(b) The probability that Benoit does not cycle to school is .

The probability that both Andrei and Benoit do not cycle to school is 0.4 .
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(i) Complete the equation in terms of r.

1.3 - r 1.0 - r
( ................................................... ) × ( ................................................... ) = 0.4 [1]

(ii) Show that this equation simplifies to .

[3]

(iii) Solve by factorisation .

r = .............................. or r = .............................. [3]

(iv) Find the probability that Benoit does not cycle to school.

1,3 - r
................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]
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28 Malik goes to a shop every day to buy bread.

On any day, the probability that Malik goes to the shop in the morning is 0.7 .

If he goes in the morning, the probability that there is bread for Malik to buy is 0.95 .
If he goes later, the probability that there is bread for Malik to buy is 0.6 .

Calculate the probability that, on any day, there is bread for Malik to buy.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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29
The probability that the school bus is late is .

If the school bus is late, the probability that Seb travels on the bus is .

If the school bus is on time, the probability that Seb travels on the bus is .

Find the probability that Seb travels on the bus.

................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

30
1 2 3 4 5

The diagram shows five cards.

Two of the cards are taken at random, without replacement.

Find the probability that both cards show an even number.

................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

31 The frequency table shows information about the time, m minutes, that each of 160 people spend in a library.
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Time
(m minutes)

Frequency 3 39 43 55 11 9

(a) (i) Find the probability that one of these people, chosen at random, spends more than 100 minutes
in the library.

................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate an estimate of the mean time spent in the library.

................................................... min [4]

(b) Complete the cumulative frequency table below.

Time
(m minutes)

Cumulative
3 42
frequency

[2]
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(c) On the grid, draw the cumulative frequency diagram.

[3]

(d) Use your cumulative frequency diagram to find

(i) the median,

................................................... min [1]

(ii) the interquartile range,

................................................... min [2]

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(iii) the 90th percentile,

................................................... min [2]

(iv) the number of people who spend more than 30 minutes in the library.

................................................... min [2]

[Total: 17]

32 The table shows the average monthly temperature (°C) for Fairbanks, Alaska.

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Temperature
(°C)

(a) Find

(i) the difference between the highest and the lowest temperatures,

Answer(a)(i) .........................................°C [1]

(ii) the median.

Answer(a)(ii) .........................................°C [2]

(b) A month is chosen at random from the table.

Find the probability that its average temperature is below zero.

Answer(b) ................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

33 Celine buys a bag of 24 tulip bulbs.

There are 8 red bulbs and 5 white bulbs.
All of the other bulbs are yellow.

Celine chooses a bulb at random from the bag.

(a) Write down the probability that the bulb is red or white.

Answer(a) ................................................... [1]

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(b) Write down the probability that the bulb is yellow.

Answer(b) ................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]