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Chapter 13 Multiple Integrals

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15 views92 pages

Chapter 13 Multiple Integrals

d

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John Nivie
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16 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS ET 15 16.1 Double Integrals over Rectangles ET 15.4 4. (a) The subrectangles ae shown inthe figure. ” The surface is the graph of f(x, y) = zy and AA = 4, s0 we estimate ve SS slenw)Sa = f(2,2)OA4 24) AA4 f(4,2)A+ $4.) AA 4 S(6 = 4(4) + 8(4) + 8(4) + 16(4) + 12(4) + 24(4) = 288 DAF f(6, 844 EE MGW) A= LN BA+ JOB) AA+ fB,1)AF IBIAAF IN AA+I16,8) 04 (4) + 3(4) + 3(4) + 9(4) + 5(4) + 15(4) = 144 2. The subrectangles are shown in the figure , Since AA = 1, we estimate Sig ~22) 4A % SS slotpas) aA j = f(-1, IMA + f(-1,2) MA + (0,1) SA + f(0,2) AA ee. $A) AA+ f(1,2) 04+ fO1) 404 (02,2) 04 = =1(1) +2(1) + 1(1) +4(2) = 10) + 2) = 711) - 4) = -4 ‘3, (a) The subrectangles are shown in the figure. Since AA = 77/4, we estimate " Slysince + Aa x 32 3 seins) BA , = (0,0) SA+ $(0,3) AA $($,0) BA+/(H.5) OA 7 of) +1(2) {7 (©) ff sina + yaa zi )AAF SG) AAS F885) O44 FE) Aa : eee =1(22) +0(<2) +0(2) +e i “| L 464 Cl OHAPTER16 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 4, (a) The subrectangles are shown inthe figure. ‘The surface is the graph of f(x,y) = 2+ 2y? and AA = 2, so we estimate Vm fhe +2) x SS Feist) OA J = JO) AA 4+ f(1,2)BA+ f(2,0) AA + f2,2)04 = 1(2) +9(2) + 2(2) + 10(2) = 44 oe (WV = fhle+2ydas = = LGT;)OA = (41) AA+ f(4,3) 444 f(8,1) 044 f(3,3) DA le = 42) + FQ) + 4@)+ FQ) =88 A 5. (a) ach sbreciangle adits midpoint are shown in the fgure. The area of each » subrectangle is A.A = 2,50 we evaluate f at each midpoint and estimate 4 Sip Hamas = 3 £Gn,) A 2 4 = S(.5,1)AA4 §(15,9) 04 ele + (25,1) 04+ f(25,3) 44 Of eieataiee =1(2) + (-8)(2) +5@) +(-)@) = -6 (©) The subrectangls are shown in the figure. In each subrestangle the sample point , fates from the origin the upper ight comet, andthe area ofeach subectangle 4h is AA = 4. Thus weestimate : 2 Sig Hey) 4Ax SS Hens) dA : eee eee ee = (15,1) MA + (15,2) AA + (15,3) MA + f(1.5,4) 0A + IQMAA4S(2,2)DA+ f2S)BA+ FAA + $(25,1) MA + 7(25,2) AA + $(2.5,3) 0A + f(25,4) 0A + £(3,1) SA + f(3,2) MA + f(3,3) 4A + f(3,4) 0A = UE) + 4) (G) + (-8)(4) + (-6)(4) + 3(4) + 00) + (-8)() + (-8)(4) +5(4) +303) + (-1)(4) + (—4)(3) + 8(4) + (4) +3(G) + 0(2) SECTION 161 DOUBLEINTEGRALS OVERRECTANGLES ETSECTION'S1 © 465 ‘6 To approximate the volume, let be the planar region corresponding tothe surface ofthe ‘water inthe pool, and place Fon coordinate axes sy that and y correspond to the dimensions given. Then we define f(x,y) tbe the depth of the water at (2, y). $0 the volume of water inthe pool isthe volume ofthe solid that lies above the rectangle (0, 8} x [0, 12] and below the graph of f(r, y). We can estimate this volume using eae the Midpoint Rule with m = 2 and n = 3,50 AA = 4-4= 16, Each subrectangle with its midpoint is shown in the figure. Then ved oy iM J (B.B,) BA = AALF(2,2) + f(2.6) + f(2,10) + (6.2) + £(6,6) + £06, 10)] 161.5 + 2843641542343) Tus, we estimate that she pool contains 285 cubic metres of water. Altematively, we can approximate the volume with a Riemann sum where m = 4, n= 6 and the sample points are taken to be, for example, the upper right comer ofeach subrectangle, Then A = 2.2= 4 and ve $3 seuwaa [1542+ 2843436494184274 343644432 $15 42423427434254141414154249 4(56.7) = 226.8 Using this approximation, we estimate thatthe pool cnisins 227 m® of water. 7. The values of f(x,y) = y/52 — x? — y? get smaller as we move farther from the origin, so on any of the subrectangles in the ‘problem, the function will have is largest value atthe lower left comer ofthe subrectangle and its smallest value atthe upper right comer, and any other value will ie between these two. So using these subrectangles we have U < V < L, (Note that this is rue no matter how Fis divided into subrectongles.) 8, Divide R into 4 equal rectangles (squares) and identify the midpoint of each subrectangle as shown in te figure. a v re “The area of each subrectangle is A.A = 1, so using the contour map to estimate the funetion values at each midpoint, we have Jf. sen aax = (1.3)(0) + .3)) + 2K) + 6.2)() = EE ea) aaa sare sg aay sade saad 30 You could improve the estimate by increasing m and » 10 use a (arger numberof siallersubrectangles 496 CHAPTER 16 MULTPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15, 8. (a) With m =n = 2, wehave AA = 4, Using the contour map to estimate the value of fat the center ofeach subrectangle, we have Sg flew) a F(2,5,) M4 = DAL, 1) + f,3) + $1) + £03,3)] = AQT +4 + 14417) (©) fave = ay My Flew) dA % (248) = 15.5 410, As in Example 4, we place the origin atthe southwest comer ofthe state. Then R= [0.388] x [0,276 (in miles) isthe rectangle corresponding to Colorado and we define f(x,y) to be the temperature atthe location (2, y). The average temperature is given by toe = app ff Head = sax aae ff somaa ‘Touse the Midpoint Rule with m =n = 4, we divide R into 16 regions of equal size, as shown inthe figure, with the center ofeach subrectangle indicated. midpoint, we have [fronds & ¥ seua)aa X QA[S1+ 28-4524 49-443425 +57 446-4 96-4 20-442 454904284 43-441] = 0609605) 5693-605 388.205 approximately 37.8°F; Therefore, fe © = 87.8, so the average temperature in Colorado at 4:00 PM on February 26, 2007, was ‘SECTION 16.1 DOUBLE NTEGRALS OVERRECTANGLES ETSECTION1S1 © 467 tee > 0, s0 we can interpret the integral ashe volume of the solid that lies below the plane z = 3 and above the rectangle [-2,2) x [1,6], Sine rectangular soli, thus ff, 34 = 4-5-3 ~ 60, We ~ > 0 for0 < x <5, so we can interpret the integral asthe volume of the solid that les below the plane 2 = 5 ~ x and above the rectangle [0,5] x (0,3). Sisa triangular cylinder whose volume is 3(area of triangle) 5-5) = 37.5. Thus [a(S ~2)dA = 375 Br= fev) part ofthe rectangular slid [0, 1) x [0,1] [0.4] whieh les below the plane = = 4 ~ 2y. So — 2y > 0 for 0 < y < 1. Thus the integral represents the vofume of that Sfet4 — 2y) 4A = (1)(1)(2) + 2CYAYL2) M4 Heres = OHH 50 2? +o? the top half ofthe par ofthe circular eyinder =? + y? [0.4] x (0,2) 9,2 > 0. Thus the integral represents the volume of that lies above the rectangle 418, To calculate the estimates using a programmable calculator, we can use an algorithm similar to that of Exercise 5.1.7 [ET 5.1.7]. In Maple, we can define the Function n_| estimate ‘J(e.3) = VIF ze (calling it £, load the student package, and then use the 1 | 1.141606 ‘command 4| assist middlesum(migéiesum(£,x-0..1.m), 16 | 1.243595 yr0..2m); 64 | 1.43617 to get the estimate with n = m? squares of equal size. Mathematica has no special 266 | 2.243637 Riemann sum command, but we can define € and then use nested Sum commands to 102d | 1.143642 calculate the estimates. 6 | estimate n_| estimate 1 | 0.934591 64 | 0.860490 4| pssi991 256 | 0.858745 16 | 0.865750 1024 | 0.858157 46) CHAPTER 16 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS. ET CHAPTER 15, 4, Iwe divide R into mn subrectangles, fy KAA = $$ S(#tj uh) AA for any choice of sample points (23, ui) But f(z always and 355 AA =area of R = (b~ a)(d ~ ¢). Thus, no matter how we choose the simple A= K(O~a)(d~c) and so ky DAA (b= a)(d~) = h(b— a){d~ 1% Decaue sina isan incresng fnctionforO <2 ¢ .wevesind O y=[Link] Joie aay Poa umase)- (2 ip) = uln(a +?) ~ 2y + 8-3 tan" (3) = yln(a + y?) ~ 2y + 4tan'(#) Similarly, f In(1 + y?) dy = yin(1 + y*) ~ 2y + 2tan™* y. Thus, ff sipew Ve [in(4 + v2) —In(1 + ¥?)] dy [vin(4 +?) — 2y + 4tam“*(#) — yin(1 + 9?) + 2y ~ 2tan™ y)) $[(in5 + 4tan-"(3) ~In2—2tan=* 1) — 0] [Ins — In2-+ 4tan-*(}) ~ 2()] = $1m$ + 2tan"*(3) 22 = fle, = 4-2 2y > 0 for = 1 for =I [0,4] and the sold that lies under > = 1 over R. P24? + (y—2)"ldedy — fof, Q)drdy fo [ae + $29 + xy— 2°], dy— fae fey vis fo (34 + 2y — 27] dy — (1 ~ (D4 ~ 0] = [$y + Fy - 29°] - 2) (B84) - 0-4) -8= = fp [244 4-27) (-2- 3-2) ey 472 CHAPTER 1G MULTIPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15, “The solid lies below the plane = = x + 2y and above the surface 2 a for 0 < x <2,0. f[paren= [i [0 wv dean =P eb d= a Pay Pi? — a) dy = 3Ebe ~ fs =AG-HHE-D = ‘SECTION 16.3 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS ETSECTION1S3 475 . : f. = (2e—y)dyde [baw = te VET (4-29) 20 VTE aa] ae = [yt ITF = 4 4-2)""] =0 (Ox steht Ae VIF isan od ton sf? VIF ds = 0) oe Up eda = f 8" ayy fb fo OE de = fi 2((3- 2)* — (22)"|dz = fi(—32° - 62? + 92) de vf [Seer fere8 te off (eat 42? 4) +), [eri vae a Va Re. y(tet +9") dedy - HGP tv = Rly! - "3° + ay! — 2y)]dy dy iif xydsdy = J [42u)227% ay a43y07 = BJP(aby — 4242 + 994) dy = Hw? ys tv? 475 O CHAPTER16 NMULTIPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 = V =f fe? +9?) dvde = fp [Put vdeo = fp(c? +1- 22%) de a = [2 [6(3 — $2) —an(a — 32)- (3 ~ 32)"] de = fe (fx? 92 +9) de = [fa - $2? + 92]2 = 6-0-6 = V= fo fo adyde = fal), de = file ~ 22°) dr . : v= JSP aude cal Ai > de = [2,(42? — 28) de . =i Sereeees meee eee 2% Sse Oey = fe VRE ay = ary Ray= [44-79] 0 ‘SECTION 163 DOUBLE INTEGRALS OVER GENERAL REGIONS ETSECTON'S3 477 a By symmety the desired volume V i 8 times the volume V inthe frst tant. Now ee ” Vea iazay= [vere ay = fol? ~y?)dy = [ry - Gu*} = Fr m3 From the graph, it appears thatthe tv curves intersect ar = O and A atx © 1.213. Thus the desired integral is Llo2dd~ fp [20-" adyde = 2°" [eu] 01 oo 5 = 0? (ar? — 29-25) dr = dat : 0713 m0. ~~ ‘The desired sold is shown in the first graph, From the second graph, we estimate that y = cos intersects y = x at © © 0.7391, Therefore the volume of the solid is Vi O70" dye = [27 fo edyde = (8 [xy] de 20.1024 f° (woos —a*)de feosr-t sing — $22” Noe Tete sa diferent solid which can alo be consted 0 satisfy the conditions stated in th exercise. This is the slid bounded by all ofthe given surfices, a wells the plane y = 0. Incase you calculated the volume of this sold and want to check your work is volume is V = O78 rdyde+ fo3,, Oo" xdy de = 0.4084, 31, The two bounding curves y == 1 — 2? and y = 2? — 1 intersect at (1,0) with 1 — 2? >? —1 on [~1,1]. Within this region, the plane z = 22 + 2y + 10 is above the plane z = 2 ~~ y.s0 Vn [i [EE G2 + 24+ 1) dyde~ fi, [50-2 y)dyde = [1 [24 r+ 2y+ 0-2-2 y))dyde =, 5180-4504 8)dyde =f, [seus Sut +80)? de = J, [Be( ~ 22) + $a — 22)? + (1 — 22) — Bee? — 1) ~ (2? - 1)? — 8(2? -)] dr = P(e? — 162? + Go + 16) dz = [34 - HPs? +327 + 16x], 3416-4 Wearie+ ge 4760 CHAPTER'S MULTPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 32, The two planes intersect inthe line 0 the region of gration isthe plane region enclosed by the parabola y = 1? and the line y = 1. We have 2 + y > 3y for 0 < y < 1, sothe solid region is bounded above by > = 2 + y and bounded below by 2 = 3y. i e a 38, The sold lies below the plane or + y-+2= 1 and above the region D=((y)|0S 25 10 2° ~ xon (0,2) Using a CAS, we find that ike volume is Lose [0080 oP yaten aS 36. For || < 1 and |y| <1, 22 + y? < 8 ~ x? ~ 2y?. Also, the cylinder is described by the inequalities -1 z+ (y—1}?=1, sothe egion of imegration is given by —1.< 2 <1, 1— VIRB 2? + v? 40, using a CAS, the volume is ve ff ere enanae = Because the region of integration is D={(z,y) [OSS vVz0 = 5, sothesrea ‘of the region inside the eardiod and outside the circle is of gest Ay = [5/2 (Ss? rade = STI + 20080 — 80s? 8)a = [0 + 2sind — 8 (30+ 4 sin26)] 2 rs = 40 + sino — sin26} 406 0 CHAPTER 16 “MULTPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 ‘The area ofthe region inthe second quadrant is Aa = [op JO rtrd = =} [e+ 2sing + Jo+ tsin20]" = ‘By symmetry the total area is A = 2(Ai + Aa) = 2 (1 $ V = Sag yaca VE PIAA = fo" Vr dO = fo" dB Jor? dr = [85° [5°] = 29, The paraboloid = — 18 — 20° ~ 2? insets the y-plane inthe cc 2? +4? = 9,50 yo Jf ore ary a ps2 +h] a= eh 1826) nde = [2800 [3 (18-20) dr = 21. The hyperboloid of two sheets ~z? — y? + 2? = 1 intersects the plane 2 = 2 when -2* —y* +4 = 1 ora? +y? =3. Sothe solid region les above the surface = = /T Pa? FF and below the plane 2 = 2 for? + y? <3, and its volume is Ihe ["0-v7 00 = (2° 8 (9 (ar ~ VET) dr = [02 fr? — 4+ 898] =2n(8-$-0+ 22. The sphere:2? + y? + 2? = 16 intersects the xy-plane inthe circle x? + y? = v JI FFAA foysymmerry) = LE Yis= Freda =2 fan [ r16 = 18)"dr = 2[0)3" [46 -r2)°"]! = -402}(0 a 12.73) = 32 V3 23, By symmetry, [[ PrP Resa [era aa fa [vee = 2[0]3" [-Ho? 72) (2n)(0-+ 50%) = Fa? 26, The paraboloid > = 1 + 2s? + 2y? intersects the plane z = 7 when 7 = 1 + 22% + 2y? or z? + y? = Sand we are restricted tothe ist octant, so ie (4a? eavjaa =f “pe [7-142] rdrao 57° do [5% (6r ~ ar?) dr = [02 [sr? — Br 7 SECTION 164 DOUBLEINTEGAALSINPOLAR COORDINATES ETSECTION1S4 487 8 Theoes = VF TT tenes thephere st 42+ = Lena? e+ (VFB) = orate v= ve If ARR vr aa [ARR eae =u [8 (TER Adem oly 4-2 be, 26, The two paraboloids intersect when 3x? + 3y? = 4 — 2* — y? or x? + y= 1. So va ff ae aya? eryaa =f" fl aa—P rare = [2° 8 far — Ar9) ar = [0] [2e? — 27. The given solid is the region inside the cylinder x* + y* = 4 between the surfaces z = /64— 4x? — 4y? and 2 = - (84H. So ve [LR R (aE) use. ff ve = 42 (2 VIBE de ds = 4 2" 0 [Pr VIE Far = 4 [8] [-tas- Ap]? = Br(—}) (12° — 16°) = 8 (64 — 243) ‘28, (a) Here the region in the zy-plane is the annular region r} < x? + y* < r¥ and the desired volume is twice that above the a ven ff fam apanna[" [0 TPrironna fw [° Tere = [-d- an . her (@) A cross-sectional cui shown inthe igure. Sor} = (4h)? + rf or $a? = 19-9 = Thus the volume in terms of his 12)? = EY : Vso hive = [° [ sn(e) nara = ff a8 [3 rsin (72) dr = [6lg [-4 05 (r?)]g = (~4) (c089~ 1) = § (1 — cos) 488 Cl CHAPTER16 MAULTPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15, Boia Je (70088)? (rsin 8) rar d® =f, fo r* 008" Bin 9dr dB = Jfj,c0s? Bsin 8dB [2 rar [-4e05°6]7), [er“]5 = 4 (cos? x — cos? £) ($a fs fo (r-cos8 + rsin8)rdr dé = f° (cosd + sin) d@ fy" r? dr = ind ~ cosa’ [4°]. =[8-F-0+1) 4 @V8-9 = 8 x BB ado ~ fo" (P| 340"? (1 — sin®@) cosa dp = fo (§ 0s" 0) do [sing ~ $ sino}? = a8 £8, The sung of the water inthe pol isa irl se D wit a5 m, Ke place D on coo anes wth he orga the center of Da define f(a.) tobe the depth ofthe water at (x) ten the volume of wae inthe poo isthe volume of the solid tha ies above D = {(2,y) | 22 +? < 25} and below the raph of (zy). We cn asscite noth with the osivey-ietion, so we are given tat he depth is constant inthe x-etion andthe depth increases lina nthe srdietion fiom (0,5) = 110 f(0,5) = 2. The tein the ye-plane saline segment rom (8, ~5.1) 10 (0,5, 2). The slope ofthis line is = hy soan equation of the line is 2-2 Fy(y—5) = z= shyt 4. Since f(ay) is independent of 2 (2,4) = sy + $. Thus the volume is given by fff f(2u) 4A, which is most conveniently evaluated sing polar coordinates, Then D = {(r.8)|0 O forall x,s0 [™ e-" dr = AVF. Bute™ (@)Leting t= VB, [Fae = J oy (e°") aso thar Va = Pe P aoe Peat = VIR 37, (a) We integrate by parts with u = x and dv = re"? dr. Then du = dx and w = Forster de jin ae * de = fim (deem) 4 fide * a) te®) 4g fee de 044 fo ee ae [by "Hospital's Rule] iz [since e~*” is an even function} [by Exercise 36(€)] (by Letu = 2. Thenu?=2 dr=2udu > Joe Ve? de = hin ff Jere a= iy fp we" Dad = 2 fo" we a= 2 ($V) Ey patsy] = 16.5 Applications of Double integrals = Joie + §) de = [oe + $2) = 16+ 4 400 (CHAPTERS MULTIPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 18 2. Q= Sfp olzy)dA = [platy tz? + y2)da = [2 [2 (ros + rsind +12) rdrde = JR" §3 (cos 0 + sind) + r3| dr d9 = 2" [Ir*(cos 0 + sind) + 4r4]°=2 ao = [B* [$(cose + sind) + 4] d0 = [§(sind ~ cos) + 46]5" = 82 C m= ff pleww) dA = f2 f'n? dydr = [2 nae f,vPdy = [$213 [ Fa fy soled = 42 fev? dyde= 32 xPde fyPdy = [ln wolzy)dd = 3p fav dydr= 3 fede fy ydy = 3) (58) Hence, (E0) 4 m= Sfp ole.y)dA = My = [Jp t0lesu)dA = fp fp cay dy di Me = ffp vole) dA = ff [Pery? dyde = Hence, c.5) = (42, Me) = (go. * esydyde =e ft dz fydy=c(ds"]s (byl So Bde fo vdy = e[32"]5 [ay] Sg nds fe vay = elde"Tg [le = dere abe, and m= fol (e+ w)dyde = fp Td 42) + $32) — 227] de HS -ges8 My = Jo Fig (2? + ay) dyde = J [22y + dey] se eSave Peden he tet ees JB (0 $a)ate =9. tenes m =, c¢,9)= (Me Me) (G 3) Here D = {(2,y) |0< 2 52.2 Sy S 6-22} m= [fo A ayde = My = (2 fo 2-4? dyde = {22° (6— 22 ~ 2) de ~ f2 (629 — 3a") de = [Be ~ Bef = ¥, 2 62 (6 — 22 ~ 2) de = J2 (62? 30°) de = [2° — $e]? = 4, Me Ip Se ye 2 dyde = oe 22)? — Aa9] de = 4 [2 (Se* ~ 24s" + 362") de [Be 624 41207} = - (#8 by (88) Sav vdyds = fv) 2 IS cydyde =} fi re de SEG dade = fo YRS ae = fo oa neem = He? =) egy = (PEED HERD) _ (ear ae) : a (eth Yea 2) = (a (oF #) de= 3 fie* dr = $e¥]) = He —1), gxe™ — he?) = be? +1), My = Hie =te-» SECTION 165 APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS ETSECTION'SS 49t Bim = fp LF sdyde = fo (ypiiy" de = fide = 327)" = 3, My = So So 2 dyde = fo x[y)02g de = f°! de = 92”)! = 8, Farm} fistde= ) Ma = fd fe" vedyde = [i x( 0°] = (He) Hence m = 3. 9, Note that sin(2/L) > Df O <2 < L. mm fe fi! ydyde = Jf ¥ sin®(xz/L) de = My EM = ydyde= jh eaittna/tyas [,_ pens, | [de ~ sin(2nz/L)] de = }-a(e— £sin(erz/L))]b p24 [be + Ey couane/n)ff = U3 (02+ Bf Me= [Esgtt"2! y-ydyde = [f 4 sin'(a2/L) de = 4 [E [1 ~cos%(a2/L)] sin(ne/L) dz (substitute u=cos(n2/L)] + du =—Fsin(re/‘L)) =f = 4(-4)feos(nz/L) — foms*(n2/L))é = -b(a+4 (HP) - (68) m= ft [9 Viedyde = fo Vie - 2) dr = file 2°") dr = [fa* - 3277)" 4 pla. y) = ky = kr sind, m = ff er*sind dr dO = Yk JZ? sinodd = Ek{~ cos My = [off br*sinOcos@drdd = 4k [2 sin8cos 0 d0 = $k{—cos26]5/* = 4k, 492 (CHAPTER 6 MULTAMEINTEGRALS. ET CHAPTER 15 Me = J57 ff kr sin® 6dr ao ): 12. playy) = Ra? + y") = bm $k |p? sin? @dé = Zk [0+ sin26]7/? = Sh. Hence (2.5) = (3. 9 ke} dnd = 3h, My = [5?9[2 kr* cosadedd = 3k [57 cose do = 4e[sind]y/? = 2k, My = [51° kr*sin@drdd = 3k f5? sin do = Le[—cos6]"/? = th. Hence (,9) = (&,&)- lz.y) =k Vay = kr, m= fly ole, ydA = [0 [2 kr-rdrd® Kf ao fr? ar = k(n) [$x]? = Fak, My = fo z0(eu)dA = J [2(re080)( kr) rdrd0 = k J condo J? dr =H Lindls =H 0 ae ee en ea Me= Sfp velssv)dA =k[-cos6]t [f TIP (rsin#\(kr) r dr dB = k fF sin@d6 f? r* dr w+ 1) (48) = Bk ence (2.5) = (0.3842) = (0.6) 14 Now p(e.9} =k] VT = kr. 90 m= JJ, olz,u)d = ff [2(k/r) dr dd = k fo dO [2 dr = k(x)(1) = 7k, My= [Jp 20lz, ylAA = {5 [2(rc0s0)(k/r) dra = k [3 cosa f? rar = [sing]; (3°); = #00) (3) =8, Mz = Sfp uolu-y)aA = fx J2(rsin8)(k/r) nde dé =k [sin dB f2 rdr = h[-eos6]y [7]; = KC +1) (8) = 3k Hence .3) = (0,38) = (0.2). 48, Placing the vertex oppaxite the hypotenuse at (0,0), p(x, y) = (2? +2). Then m= [ofo7* k(2? +42) dydz =k (2 [ax ~ 29+ 3 (a—a)*] dz = k[faz? ~ b By symmetry, =f (a~2)']f = phat, My = Me = fo fo * kyla? +?) dude =k fp [}(a~ 2)?” + $(0~2)*] de Hence (2.9) = ([Link]). = HM — ast + she? le hh = fhe! ‘SECTION 165 APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLE INTEGRALS ETSECTION'SS Cl 493 16. olay) = hie = i Searao=t ["asina) ~ 148 [-Beosd ~ ofrig° = ak(v3— 5) By symmetry of D and f (z) = x, M, = 0,and kyr. Me= $5318 f2°* br sind de be [214S(Asin’ @ ~ sin 8) dB vik exe = He[-eosd + $ eos" 0]7/6 Hence (F,8) = (o.5t¥45)) M1 Le = [Jo violas whdA = fo fo" yy dyde = fi (Lu*]I2E de = 3 (let ade = (et), [load = fp fe" Pydyds = fp x[gulI5 de = 3 fp te ae =HGe 424 DE loepuerypari] = He -1), e+ Her) (e+ 26 —3) 186 fe = 57h (02 sin? (kr?) rc = Peg sin? 0a = 4e[ (00 — ain 2))¢" (0? cos? 0)(kr®) rdrdB = 3k J7/° cos? @d0 = Lk([ (20 + sin26)] 2 and Ip = Ie + ly = 5k. 49. Asin Exercise 15, we place the vertey apposite the hypotenuse at (0,0) andthe equal sides along the positive axes. Tes [oo "Vika? +! )dyde = k fp fg (a? +") dude = b fy [a*y" + gu" =k fS[2%(a— 2)" + H(a—2)*] dr =k [} (Jo%2? — gate + dart — de) - & Ty= fo Jo * PRG? + 9°) duds = k fo fo" a" + 274") dy de = k fo [zty + 5270] =k ff [a*(a— 2) + $2" (a~a)"]de=k [ar — f° +4 (JoPad — datst + fart - and Io = Ie + ly = ka’, 20, If we find the moments of inertia about the 2~ and y-axes, we ean detennine in which diection rotation will be more dificul, (See the explanation flowing Example 4) Te moment of ner about the x-axis is given by So ¥o(a,y) dA = fo fg v*(A + Oz) dyde = f3(1+0.12)[4y°])= 5 ae $ Jo. +0.12)de = §[2+0.1- $2°]5 = $(2.2) 5.87 Similarly, the moment of inertia about the y-axis i given by Iy= [Ip @elzy) dA = fp fo 22(1 + 0.12) dydz = fp 2%(1 + O.12)[y]¥73 dz =2 f(a? + 0.2%) de = 2[}2" + 011-424]? =2(8 404) 613 Since I > Ie, more force is requited 0 rotate the fan blade about the y-axis. 494 CHAPTER1 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 2 Usiega CAS, we find m = ff, olz.u) 4A = [f {G"* xydyde =. Then 2 ffsneaia= 3 ff" Poinee = % 2 [mend 3 [i [ aravae=Boen- ‘The moments of inertia are Iz = JJ v(t.) dA = Jf fe'"* #u° dy de = Ty = [fp 2ola,y) aA = Jo IS"? Pydy de = a = 3),and fo = Ie + by = Ean? - 9). 22. Using a CAS, we Sad m = [Jp VFI AA = [2 [2° dra = Bx, lint VP FR AA = & fo" fo" r*cosBdrdd = 3 and 2 Sfpu VFA = 2 2" ft" sino dr dd = The moments of inns ate Ie = [fj y? VEE TFUA = [2° [29° rin? Bard = Bx, Iy = [Jp VPP AA = [2° [24° 54 c05%@ dr dO = Bx, and Io = Te + ly = 1.0 (F, BB Le = pv ola, ydA = fo fo pv? dzdy = p fp de fou? dy = ol], [Sv }p = ob($H") Ty = Ips aldA = fo fp px? dedy = p fj 2* dz fo dy = pl 52° )> [ula = 508%H, and m = p(area of rectangle) = pbh since the lamina is homogeneous. Hence * = 2 aaa ie mph ~ 3 "8 2, Here we assume b> 0, > (but ote hat we arive at the same results if < O or h < 0. We have D={(u)|0S25b0 0,0 fis. joim density fanction if [Jzs f(y) AA = 1. Here, f(y) =O ouside the squat [0 [01] 80 fan Slew) da = fo fp rudy de = fy [2207] ‘Thus, f(y) joint density Function. dr= {i2ede= 2")} =1. (©) (No restition is placed on Y, so P(X 2 4) = fa I Sle wdude = fia fe Aeudyde = fi, [220] Gi) P(X 2 BAY S 4) = $y 22 Slau) duds = fivn fa? Au dude = Sia BevTI0 a = fia ede = ie © UPTER ATPLEMTEGRAS. ETCHAPTER 16 (0) Te eget vale of invenby t= Fle # Mesa) aA = ff ay) dye = f8 28 |P de = 2 ff aPde = 2lheY =} Tre expend ae of¥ Ma = Sys v fly) 4A = fp fp v(Ary) dy de = fe 4z[3u°]$ "5 de =$flede= 28. (a) f(2,u) 2 0,80 f isa joint density function if [fxs f(2.y) 4A = 1. Here, (x,y) = 0 outside the fist quadrant, 0 Uys Slew) d= f° [5° 0.169 +99) dye = 0.1 5° fp O11 Jim fer de Jim fen dy = 0.1 jim [=26°9]5 im [—Be-°2¥], e067 dy de = 041 [oO de [OM dy O41 Jim [-2(6°0%* — 1) fim, [-B(e-®%* = 1)] = (0.1) (-29(0 ~ 1) -(-5)(0-1) = ‘Thus f(e,y) ia joint density function (©) (@) No restriction is placed on X, so POY 1) = J JO Slay) dyde = [Sf Ole“ 8+92” dy de =O for e°°8* de fe PY dy = 0.1 fim, [Se de i =O. fim [=2e°%2], lm [-Se“°*4], = 0.1 fim, [-2(e-%** — 1] im [-B(e°°% — €°)] (0.1) -(-2)(0 = 1)-(-5)(0-~ e°°4) = 9? = 0.8187 (i) POX S2,¥ <4) = 2, ft Slaw) dvds = fo fp 01e O49 dy de 1 J €°9% der ff e994 dy = 0.1[—26-%*#]? [e929] = (01): 2)(e* = 1) -(-5)(eP* = 1) (EF H fe =I) 14 ee 0481 (6) The expected value of X is given by = fla tHe. y) dA = Ig fo" x[te“ 8°) dyad OL ff ne" de fo" 9% dy = 0.1 im ff ve°® 9 delim fle dy ‘To evaluat the first integral, we integrate by parts with inthe Table of Integrals: f xe ** dr = —2re0%* — Thus 99 de (or we can use Formula 96 Dre-O8* — ge-08" = -2( 4 2)e08F ny =O. fen [-262 + 2)¢-° 45, fim [—Be09]— = 01 Jim, (~2)[(¢+ 2)e°°** — 2) Jim (—5)fer°* — 1] =5)(-1) =2 [by "Hospital's Rule] =o. 1(-9)( +9 Tre expected value of is given by a= flav SEW) 4A = [o°fo® y[[Link]-© +0) dyax = 01 FS eOF de fo° ye“? dy = 0.1 im fe e°°% de imm ff yeO* ay ‘To evaluate the second integral, We integrate by parts with u = y and dy = 2% dy (or again we can use Formula % in ‘SECTION 165 APPLICATIONS OF DOUBLEINTEGRALS ETSECTION(S5 487 ep ee er ee va 01 ig 26°), en [842g =O. Jim [-2(€"*** —1)] jim (-5[(t + 5)e°°* ~5)) =o1e-y-n-o(tg EEE 2) <5. pprvopae 0. (a) The lifetime of esc bulb has exponential density function 0 iftco HO=) neem gto IX and ¥ are the lifetimes ofthe individual bulbs, then X and Y’are independent, so the joint density function is the product of the individual density functions: 10- fan=}5 ‘The probability that bot ofthe bulls fil within 1000 hours is P(X < 1000, ¥ < 1000) = f° 22 f(z, 9} dy de evetaN0000 if > Oy >0 otherwise fi 2 1g-Fe (er dy 2 16-# [22% 280 de 28 e100 dy 10 [-toon=+9) eae = (e! = 1)? = 0.3096 (b) Now we are asked for the probability that the combined lifetimes of both ae ‘bulbs is 1000 hours or less. Thus we want to find P(X + Y < 1000), or ae equivalently P((X,Y) € D) where D is the triangular region shown in the e+ y= 1000 figure, Then P(X + ¥ < 1000) = ff, f (z,y) dA 7 7000s 229 §2000-= 19-8400 iy de 10° (2 [-2oone- +9708)" po" . 10-9 29 (= 20) ae 10-8 fete ro006~#"0] = 1-26) 0.2642 31, (@) The random variables X and Y are normally distributed with 1, = 45, 4) = 20, 01 = 0.5, and a2 = O.L ‘The individual density funetions for X and ¥, then, are f(r) = (4597/08 and 1 05 Var Bala) = Sy igeOMMIOM. Since and ¥ ate independent the jit deny funtion sth prot 1 --antos_t ose ove Then P(40< X $50.20 < ¥ < 25) = [22 (2° flr, y) dy dr = WP fo9 fap em Mes)? 2019-20? dy de, ~(u-2078/0.02 20g 2(0-48)?-80(9-20)? Slew) = fle) fatu) Using a CAS or calculator to evaluate the integral, we get P(40 < X < 50, 20< ¥ < 25) ~ 0.500. 496 CHAPTER16 MULTIPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 © PAL {a ~ 45)? + 100(y — 20)? = 45)? + 100(¥ — 20)? <2) = ff, Wer2*- 49-89-20" dA where Dis the region enclosed by the elise Solving for y gives y = 20: 4 y= aAle— 45), the upper and lower halves ofthe ellipse, and these two halves meet where y = 20 [since the ellipsis centered at (45,20)] => A(x —45)?=2 => 45 4 Jy. Thus S5HVE 204 EE I? vet amare Using a CAS or calculator to evaluate the integral, we get P(4(X — 45)? + 100(Y ~ 20)* < 2) = 0.632. ere) 5009-207 aa sear meme aaa wf 32, Because X and Y’are independent, the joint density function for Xavier's and Yolanda’s arrival times is the product ofthe individual density functions: ety if220,0 Y. Additionally, Yolanda will wait up to half an hour but no longer, so they won't meet unless X — Y < 30, Thus the probability that they meet is P((X,Y) € D) where D is the paralleiogram shown in the figure. The integral i simpler to evaluate if we consider D as a type Il region, so PUX,Y) € D)= fn Slewdedy = [2°)2" en*yde dy = & 2° yl-e | dy Be Lo ule 9) + eM dy = a1 e™) Oye dy By integration by pats (or Formula 96 in the Table of Integrals, hiss BU ew Ney Such s student ie! Jh(1 ~ €°%)(1— te!) ~ 0.020. Thus there is only about 22% chance they will meet, 38, (a) If f(P, A) isthe probability that an individual at A will be infected by an individual at P and kA isthe number of infected individuals in an element of area d, then f(P, A)K dA isthe numberof infections that should result from exposure ofthe individual at Ato infected people in the element of area dA. Integration over D gives the number of infections ofthe person at A due to all the infected people in. In ectangular coordinates (withthe origin atthe city’s sentr) the exposure of person at A is ira For A at the edge of he city, it is convenient to use a polar coordinate system centred at A. Then the polar equation for SECTION 166 TRPLEINTEGRALS ETSECTIONISS 5 499 the circular boundary ofthe city becomes » = [Link]@ instead of r = 10, and the distance from A to 2 point P in the city is again (ee the figure). So coil ogyeaen fb BL i oo 8) dB = 200k £°!, 4sin20— ¥sind-+ 3 4 sin® 6] [+ 4.0829 — 3(1 ~sin® 8) cos do = 200k[5 40-3 +9 + 540-943] “Therefore the risk of infection is much lower at the edge of the city thn in the nile, soit is etter to lve atthe edge. 16.6 Triple Integrals ET 15.6 1 Mfg 22 dV = Jofo 2, 2y2? dy dz de = fo fo ae fy ded = fo fast de de = ee ]52 de = Bede = 2. There are six diferent posible orders of integration. Iie (es —W)aV = f°, fo fp (22 —v)dedyds = ff (B22? =F ew fa (Bev) dude te = f(x — 4) dz = [27 =-Wh=-8 = Ay']mo dee d= f'\(e~ 4dr = (fo? - 4], = 8 SWete= —98)dV = fo, ee ~ bu t]icp de de = [2 fi, Qe2-Adrds = ff de = ff -8de = ~8:)) = -* Jf (2s — v*)dV = Je fo Py (2— dees dy = ff fp [$222 — ay", dedy = £2 fay dedy = 8 [29] a dy = fo 20° dy = 30 (lo ee Wile (22 VAY = LIBS, a2 Pdedyds BG Bee =a dds = [urs de = Bae = ~82]) = -8 EY drdz = fp ff 622(x + 2)drdz = ff os + 32°27] 4 [SIRT ff Beye de dyde = j2 2 [aye =f lie 3 fo fo Ja" 6redydeds = So Se (ervs = files! +3e4)dr = fisetas— 2] =1 = f2 [2 ay dydr dz = fo BaSdz = Er8]) = 5 0 du: 500 CHAPTER'S MULTPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15, 5 JO 8 [MT set de de dy = f2 fe [eee VF aedy = fo fi zet/T = aide dy =f [-4a-2920 6 [p fe Qe? dedyde = fp fy [re = he -H(e Tr ayds = fo fe ye dyde = fo [-420-¥] =a[e+de |i =taeet-o-nad 1. JG7? Bo Sf conte + y+ 2)dz de dy = [5 fe [sin(x + y+ 2)]525 dedy 7 f¥ [sin(2r + y) — sin(x + y)] dedy Ag? [-4 cos(2z + y) + conte + »)]2% dy = [9'? [-4eos8y + c0s2y + $ cosy cosy] dy indy + sin2y— sing]? =4-4=-4 8. fy" Je [et 2? sinydyde de = fy fF [-2? cosy] dedz = JQ J5(2? ~ 2 coszz) ddr = Jo [x22 — esin 2] 773 de = fy" (v9 - 2sina*) de = [fat 4 JoosstY7 = bet} be det 8 fffp 2eav = JB [VP fg reds dedy = fo SY [ox tedy = f2 J By de dy He tulsa ay = (4 — Pvdy = fav? — "8 = aug =4 10. {fe u2cos(x®) AV = fy fy J2* yscos(2*) dz dy de = ft fg [Sus cost = ESE IG Bx ycos(x*) dy de = § fp [324y*cos(2") fo x4 cos(a*) dr = 3[$ sin(z*)]} = 3 (sin1 — sino) MM, Here B= {(x,y,2)|0S2<1,0 y=4-22,50 2, y.2) [O52 52,05 y <4~ 22,052 <4— 2x —yhand Vn $2 07 GO da dy ds = f2 [f(A ~ 22 ~ y) dye = Jo [ay — Bey — Su} de = fp [a4 = 22) - 22(4 - 22) - H(4— 2099] az = J (22? ~ 80 +8) de = [324 dr? + 84], a VO [ aadetent ff [OP anaeae Saf PZernaenaf eof : = 28 VI=aFde = 16[}evT=a? + Sin a] 7 val [Of soinsen ff 0-aase = f2Vet~nae= f22( yea") de = age” — 424)’ = 203 - 122. The paraboloid x = y? + 2? intersects the plane z = 16 in the circle y? + 2? = 16,2 = 16. Thus, B= (ey) |p +3? Se 16y +2? <16} Let D = {(u,2) |? +2? < 16}. Then using polar coordinates y = r cos and 2 = rsind, we have V = Slo (Spfsss 2) dA = ffy(16 ~ (y? +24) aa 2" fg (16 - 72) rdrdo = [2" dB f$ (16r —r*)dr 12" (Br? - SECTION 166 TRLEINTEGRALS ETSECTIONISS 503 2. (a) The wedge can be described a the region Da{ley. ={@u2)|0<2<1osysnoses Vi-F} So the integral expressing the volume ofthe wedge is WoW = BGK" dedyde: |F+2<1052<10 = TP d) + FCB D +184) FLED FIG E43) +839 +1649 +1850) sin ghy + sin 3 + sin shy + sin 242 + sin gly + sin $s + sin 3S + sin BE ~ 1.675, B= (0.42) 0S 4S 10S 251-205 yS2—22}, the solid hounded by the three coordinate planes and the planes pe l—ny=2-22, 504 Cl CHAPTER 16 MULTPLEINTEGRALS ET CHAPTER 15 8. B= {(2,y,2)|0Sy 52,0525 2-y0S2

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