REVIEWER (LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL)

JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)

LESSON 1: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

Republic Act No. 1425

- Is an act that all of public and private schools, colleges, and universities has courses Life
and Works and Writings of Rizal.
- His novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
- MAKAMISA - Unfinished novel
Senator Claro M. Recto – AUTHOR
Senator Jose P. Laurel Sr. – SPONSORED
SECTION 1: include courses life and works of Rizal and his novels shall include of all schools.
SECTION 2: shall be obligatory in libraries.

WORKS OF RIZAL (NOVELS AND ESSAYS)

 Noli Me Tangere, novel 1887
 El Filibusterismo, novel 1891 sequel to Noli
 The Friars and the Filipinos (UNFINISHED)
 Makamisa (UNFINISHED NOVEL)
 The Diaries of Rizal
 Sa mga kababaihang taga Malolos, essay 1889
POETRY
 To the Philippine Youth
 Song of the Wanderer
 Briayle Crismarl
 Song of Maria Clara
 My Retreat
 My Last Farewell
 Sa sanggol na si Jesus
 To my Muse
 A man in Dapitan
PLAYS
 The Council of Gods
 Along the Pasig
 Saint Eustache, the Martyr
SCULPTURE
 The Triumph of Science over Death
PAINTINGS
 Saturnina Rizal
 Dapitan church 1984
 The Spanish coat of arms in Calamba 1867
LESSON 2: SOCIAL STATUS (PRE-SPANISH ERA AND SPANISH ERA)
PRE-SPANISH
Raja, Datu, Lakan, Gat – MAGINOO CLASS
Timawa – FREEMEN
Maharlika – WARRIOR CLASS
Alipin – Saguiguilid
Uripon – Tumarampuk, Tumataban, Ayuey
THE MAGINOO – ruling, class, educated class, royal class, and privileged class. DATU leader of
community called barangay synonymous to a Monarch, Rajah, Sultan or King.
TIMAWA – made up the bulk of barangay. They were free.
THE MAHARLIKA – They were well respected.
THE ALIPIN – had least rights. Uripon
DURING SPANISH PERIOD
Franciscan friar Juan de Plascencia
REDUCCION – Bajo de Campana (plaza, simbahan, munisipyo)
SOCIAL CLASSES
PENINSULARES – kolonya ng Espanyol.
LIMPIEZA DE SANGRE
LIMPYO – pure SANGRE – blood
INSULARES – hijos del pais (ANAK NG BAYAN)
CRISOLLOS
MESTIZOS – intermarriages
INDIOS – native sa pinas
MESTIZOS -chinos
MESTIZOS DE SANGLEYES (INDIO, CHINESE)
MESTIZOS INDIOS
ILLUSTRADOS – middle class
PRINCIPALIAS – gobernador silyo
2 GROUP INDIO
 INDIO NATURALES
Plain Indios – nakatira sa pinas ever since
Infieles – hindi nabinyag at nakipaglaban
Salvajes – bad/salbaji
Remontados – tarantado
Ladrones – magnanakaw
Tulisanes
 INDIO DE SANGLEYES
Chinese
Japanese
Rizal – Mestizo
Sa Espanyol letse-milk (isip bata)
LESSON 3: CHILDHOOD OF RIZAL
 Calamba town situated by Laguna de Bay
South – mount makiling (a coffee accrossing town)
AMADEO and ALFONSO (2 TOWN)
 North – Laguna de Bay “Lake of poems and songs”
 Beyond the lake north – Antipolo
- When he was 15 years old (1876) he wrote a poem (In memory of my town)
RIZAL SHRINE IN CALAMBA
FEATURES
 Bahay na bato – Capiz windows
  Kitchen – banguerahan
 Balong – aljibe
 Cr – Casillas
CHILDHOOD MEMORIES
- When he was 3 years old his happy days was quality time family garden.
- Rizal was frail, sickly, and undersized child.
- His father built a Nippa Cottage to play in daytime.
- Kind woman called “Aya” (maid) look for his comfort.
- Rizal is lover and introvert.
- When he was left alone beauties of nature and listening of the birds (caliuanan, maya,
mariacapra, martin and pipit)
- Praying the Angelus – after the rosary Aya make stories about faries and tales that made
rizal become interested in legend and folklore.
- He walks in river shore when moonlight.
FIRST SORROW
- Jose loved most little Concha (Conceptio)
Concha died in sickness in 1865 when she was 3 years old.
- The death of little Concha brought him First Sorrow
FRANCISCO MERCADO – father
TEODORA ALONZO RIZAL – Mother
SATURNINA HIDALGO – Eldest sister
PACIANO RIZAL – 2nd
MARCISA RIZAL – 3rd
OLYMPIA RIZAL – 4th
LUCIA RIZAL – 5th
MARIA RIZAL – 6th
JOSE PROTASIO RIIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA – 7th
CONCEPTION RIZAL – 8th
JOSEFA RIZAL – 9th
TRINIDAD RIZAL – 10th
SOLEDAD RIZAL – Youngest
DEVOTED SON OF CHURCH
- Rizal was devoted son of church
- Young Rizal was religious boy
- The age of 3 he began in family prayers.
- The age of 5 able to read Spanish bible.
- He was called “Manong Jose” by Hermanos and Hermanas.
POEMS HE WROTE DURING BOYHOOD
- Al Niño Jesus (1876)
- A La Virgen Maria
- He learned mass at 4:00 AM when he was in Biñan Laguna.
- The town priest “Father Leoncio Lopez” sounds of Philosophy Life.
PILGRIMAGE OF ANTIPOLO
- June 6, 1868 – Jose and his father left calamba to go pilgrimage in Antipolo to fulfill his
mother’s vow.
- After praying they went to Manila to visit his sister Saturnina was student of La
Concordia College.
FIRST EDUCATION FROM MOTHER
- Doña Teodora his first teacher
- At 3 years old Jose learned Alphabets and Prayers
- One time he refused to wear “sinamay” that’s why she spanked him for obedience

RIZAL’S THREE UNCLES

 Gregorio – lover of books
 Manuel – strong and husky
 Jose – obtained education in Calcutta India
Youngest brother of Teodora
He encouraged his nephew to paint
ARTISTIC TALENTS
- He drew sketches and pictures of his books and his sisters
- He figures animals and persons of woods
- He loved to ride on a Pony (ALIPATO) or walk with his black dog USMAN
- He kept many statuettes which is made out of clay and wax
- Aside from painting, sketching, sculptures and wood carving Jose had a magic
PRODIGY OF A PEN
- In early childhood her mother encouraged him to write poetry when other children AB.
 - (Father Lopez “Florentino”)
- He wrote a poem “SA AKING MGA KABABATA” (To my Fellow Children) – to love our
national language.
SA AKING MGA KABATA
- wrote in 1868 at the age of eight
- Actual author Gabriel Beato Francisco or Hermenegildo Cruz
- He was 8 he wrote a tagalog drama
- Staged in Calamba – with town fiesta
- Gobernadorcillo of Paete witnessed the play he was favorably impressed
- He brought the manuscript from little Jose for 2 pesos
INFLUENCES OF HEROES BOYHOOD
Heredity Influences – traits carried by genes
a. Malayan Ancestors – love for freedom
b. Chinese – serious nature, frugality
c. Spanish – elegance of bearing
d. Father - sense of self respect
e. Mother – religious nature
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR
- Scenic beauty of Calamba
- Beautiful garden of family
- Religious nature of family
PACIANO – value of love
SISTERS – courteous and kind to women
AYA – folklore and legends
UNCLE GREGORIO – passion to read books
UNCLE JOSE – artistic ability
UNCLE MANUEL – good health and sports
FATHER LORENZO LOPEZ – intellectual honesty and love scholarship
DEATH OF CONCHA MOTHER’S IMPRISONMENT
SPANISH CRUELTY – spirit of patriotism
LESSON 4: RIZAL IN ATENEO (EDUCATION IN MANILA) 1872-1877
 His parents employed private tutors
MAESTRO CELESTINO
MAESTRO LUCAS PADUA
LEON MONROY – He’s father classmate
- he instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin
- he died five months later
- after that his parents send him to a private school in Biñan

EDUCATION IN 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES

Educational different religious orders;
- Augustinians
- Franciscans
- Dominicans
- Jesuits
- Recollects
Unibersidad de Sto. Tomas (UST) – 1611 (Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santisimo Rosario)
Colegio de San Juan de Letran – 1620 (Colegio de Niños Huerfanos de San Juan de Letran
1620-1630)
Ateneo Municipal de Manila – 1859 as Escuela Municipal 1865 as Ateneo
Educational Act of 1863
Only three secondary school in Manila

ATENEO MUNICIPAL DE MANILA (old)

ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY (today)
ATENEO MUNICIPAL DE MANILA - Established in 1859 by the Jesuit order located in
Intramuros
INTRAMUROS (walled city) – Manila
RAFAEL PALMA – Jesuits were considered as best educators of Spain and Europe in 19th
century
TWO GROUPS IN ATENEO
Roman Empire – internos (boarders)
Cathaginian Empire – externos (non-boarders)
- Jose Rizal study at Ateneo for 5 years
- Pursued history, philosophy, science and poetry
- Rizal at Ateneo “Ad Majorem Dei gloriam” (for the gender glory of God)
- Jose took entrance exam in June 10, 1872
- Subjects are Christian doctrine, arithmetic and reading
- He returned to Calamba for town fiesta “well pleased with himself”
DIFFICULTIES IN ENTERING ATENEO
 Father Magin Ferrando – college registrar when Jose entered Ateneo Municipal
 The Father Minister was rather dubious about the boy’s health
 Paciano secured the help of Father Manuel Xerxes Borgos
RIZAL AT ATENEO
RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873) – on his first day June 1872, Rizal heard first
mass of the college chapel and pray
 Father Jose Bech – Rizal first professor in Ateneo
 Among Jose’s classmates Francisco G. Olivia, very talented but not very studious
 Joaqin Garrido – endowed with poor memory but with much talent and industry
 Gonzalo Marzano – who occupied throne of Emperor
 Summer Vacation (1873) – at the end of school year March 1873, Rizal turns to Calamba.
He did not enjoy his vacation because his mother was in prison.
 In 1872, she was imprisoned for two and a half years on trumped-up poisoning her
brother’s wife.
 In 1891, she was made to walk fifty kilometers to Sta. Cruz, Laguna, failing to use
hispanicized surname, Realonda de Rizal. She using Alonzo
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)
 Prophecy of Mother’s release – Rizal lost no time in going to Santa Cruz to visit his
mother in provincial jail.
 He cheered up Dona Teodora’s lonely heart with news of his scholastic triumphs in
Ateneo and with funny tales his professors and fellow students.
RIZAL PRODUCED TWO SCULPTURAL PIECES:
Figure of Our Lady and The image of Sacred Heart of Jesus (at age of 14)
 Jose wrote poems includes: 1874
 My first Inspiration – dedicate to his mother (1875)
 Felicitation
 The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet
  And He is Spanish: El Cano, the first to circumnavigate the world
 The battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo
 These poems written through the encouragement of Fr. Sanchez
1876
 Poems Jose Rizal different topics – religion, war, childhood, memories and education
 In Memory of my Town – poem in honor of Calamba, hero’s birthplace
 Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education
 Through Education the country receives Light
 The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the imprisonment of Boabdil.
 This martial poem conjured up defeat of Boabdil last Moorish sultan of Granda.
 The triumphal entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granda – description of victorious
entry of king Ferdinand and queen Isabel into Granda.
1877
RIZAL’S FINAL YEAR IN ATENEO (POEMS WRITTEN FOLLOWING);
- The heroism of Columbus – poem praise of Columbus, the discover of America.
- Columbus and John II – poem relates king John II of Portugal lost fame and riches by his
failure of Columbus to the new world
- Great solace in great Misfortune – a description of the tragic life of Columbus.
- A farewell dialogue of the Students – the last poem of Jose Rizal wrote in Ateneo.
LESSON 5: RIZAL’S LIFE IN UST
Colegio de Nuestra Senora del Santisimo Rosario
Bishop Miguel de Buenavides, O.P third Archbishop of Manila on July 24, 1605.
Rizal had to go to University of Santo Tomas for higher studies because;
- His father and brother wanted a higher education so they enrolled Rizal in Santo Tomas
with course of Philosophy and Letters which father chose for him.
- But Rizal has slightest interest with the course so he decided to take medicine because
of his adviser Father Pablo Ramon (RECTOR OF ATENEO) and to be able to cure his
mother eyesight.
Rizal first romance (SEGUNDA KATIGBAK)
His mother disapproved in enrolling UST “too much knowledge will make Rizal hot item for the
Spaniards”.
In April, 1877, Rizal was nearly 16 years old in UST taking Philosophy and Letters course for two
reasons;
1. His father liked it.
2. He still uncertain to what career to follow.
His First Year term in UST (1877-79) he studied:
- Cosmology
- Metaphysics
- Theodicy
- History of Philosophy
During the following school term (1878-1879) Rizal take up medicine because;
1. He wanted to be physician to cure his mother blindness.
2. Father Pablo Ramon (Rector of Ateneo) he consulted for a choice.
When he was a freshmen medical student in UST he got his first taste of Spanish brutality.
“He did not salute or say “Good Evening” of a figure of a man passing him. And the figure was
Lieutenant of the Guardia Civil, he turned upon Rizal whipped but a sword and brutally
slashed his back.”
- When he recovered, Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera but nothing
happened because he was Indio and the Lieutenant was Spaniard.
A letter of Blumentritt, dated March 21, 1887 – he related “I went to the captain general but I
could not obtain any justice my wound lasted two weeks.”
TO THE FILIPINO YOUTH (1879)
Literary contest by Artistico-Literario (Artistic Literary Lyceum)
- Rizal 18 years old submitted his poem entitled “A La Juventud Filipina” (To the Filipino
Youth)
- First prize a feather shape, gold ribbon decorated silver pen given to Rizal.
In the poem, Rizal beseeched the Filipino to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter
than the wind and descend with art science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit
of the people.
THE COUNCIL OF GODS (1880)
Another literary contest by the Artistic-Literary Lyceum
- To commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Gervantes, Spanish and author of
Don Quixote.
- Miguel de Cervantes – Spain’s glorified man of lette r.
- Rizal submitted an allegorical drama, El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of Gods)
- The allegory was based on Greek classics.
 - Rizal aided by father Rector of Ateneo in securing needed materials
- The contest was participated by priest, laymen, professors of UST, newspapermen and
scholars.
- Rizal won the first prize; he received gold ring with bust of Cervantes.
OTHER LITERARY WORKS
1879 – Abd – el – Azis y Mahoma
Poem declaimed by Atenean Manuel Fernandez on December 8, 1879 in honor of
Ateneo’s Patroness.
1880 – Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig)
A zarzuela staged by the Atenean’s on December 8, 1880 on the Feast Day of the
Immaculate conception, Patroness of Ateneo.
Rizal wrote it as president of academy of Spanish Literature.
1880 – A Filipinas
A sonnet, for the album of the society of sculptors
Rizal urged all Filipino artist to glorify Philippines
1881 – Al M.R.P Pablo Ramon
A poem an expression of affection to father Pablo Ramon, the Ateneo Rector.
CHAMPION OF FILIPINO STUDENTS
1880: Rizal founded Companerismo ( comradeship ) a secret society of Filipino UST
students. The members called “companions of Jehu”
- Chief of the society
- His cousin Galicano Apacible the secretary
UNHAPPY DAYS AT UST
Rizal was unhappy in Dominican institution because;
Dominican professors was hostile to him, Filipino students discriminated against by Spaniards,
Method instruction was obsolete and repressive, He failed to win high scholastic honors due to
attitude of professors.

LESSON 6: EUROPEAN TRAVELS OF RIZAL (JOSE RIZAL’S TRAVEL FROM 1882-1887)

IN SUNNY SPAIN (1882-1885)
- After finishing 4th year of UST with medical course. Rizal decided to complete his studies
in Spain.
- Aside from that Rizal has his “secret mission” to observe keenly the life and cultures,
languages and customs, industries and commerce, and government and laws of
European nations to prepare himself in mighty task of liberating his oppressed people
from Spanish tyranny.
- This Rizalian secret mission was disclosed by Paciano in his letter to his younger brother
dated Manila, May 20, 1892.
- Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret to avoid detection by Spanish authorities and
the friars.
Jose Mercado – Rizal used this name a cousin from Binan. (ginamit niyang surname)
May 3, 1882 – Rizal departed on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.
(barkong Salvadora)
SINGAPORE
Donato Lecha – Ship captain from Asturias Spain befriended Rizal (Peninsulares)
- Rizal described him as affable man, “much more refined than his other countrymen and
colleagues that I have met”.
- Rizal played chess with his fellow passengers who’s older to him.
May 8, 1882 – Rizal saw a beautiful island by its scenic beauty he remembered “Talim Island
with the Susong Dalaga” (described Singapore)
May 9, 1882 – Salvadora docked at Singapore.
Hotel de la Paz – Rizal registered here and spent two days on a sightseeing soiree of city, which
colony of England.
FROM SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO
- In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship. Djemnah a French streamer, which left
Singapore for Europe, May 11, 1882.
- May 17, 1882 – Djemnah reach Point Galle, a seacost town in Southern Ceylon (now Sri
Lanka)
- Rizal wrote in his travel diary. “The general appearance of point Galle is picturesque but
lonely and quiet at the same time is sad”
COLOMBO – capital of Ceylon
- Rizal was enamoured by Colombo by its scenic beauty and elegant buildings.
 “Colombo is more beautiful smart and elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and
Manila”
- For the first time Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa which called an “Inhospitable
land but famous”
- Aden – city hotter than Manila. Rizal was amused to see camels for the first time.
- City of Suez – The red sea terminal of the Suez canal. Rizal was impressed in the
beautiful moonlight which reminded him of Calamba and his family.
- Suez canal – canal which built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer)
which was inaugurated on November 17, 1869.
- Port said – The Meditteranean Terminal of the Suez canal.
NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
- June 11,1882 – Rizal reached Naples. Rizal was pleased on this Italian city, It’s lively
people, and its panaromic beauty.
- Night of June 12, 1882 – Streamer docked at French harbor of Marseilles. Rizal visited
famous Chateaud’lf where Dantes hero of the count of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned.
Rizal stayed two and a half days in Marseilles.
BARCELONA
- Afternoon of May 15,1882
- Rizal left Marseilles by train for the last trip to Spain.
- Rizal crossed the Pyrenees and stopped for a day at the frontier town of Port Bou.
- June 16,1882 – Rizal finally reached Barcelona.
- Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluna and Spain’s second
largest city, was unfavorable (ugly, with dirty little inns and inhospitable) residents.
- Las Ramblas – most famous street in Barcelona.
- Amor Patrio (love of country) – nationalistic essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s
soil.
- Under his pen name Laong laan, appeared print in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882.
- It was published in two text “Spanish and Tagalog”
- Spanish text was originally written by Rizal in Barcelona
- The Tagalog text was translation made by M.H del Pilar.
- Basilio Teodoro Moran – friend of Rizal in Manila and the publisher of Diariong Tagalog
- Diariong Tagalog – First Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog)
- Los Viajes (travels) – Rizal’s second article of Diariong Tagalog
- Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) – Rizal’s third article written in Madrid on
November 29, 1882 but returned to him because Diariong Tagalog was lack of funds.
- Riza received sad news about cholera that was ravaging Manila and the provinces
according to Paciano’s letter, dated September 15, 1882.
- Another sad news from the Philippines was chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the
unhappiness of Leonor Rivera
 - In one of his letters dated (May 26,1882) Paciano advised his younger brother to finish
the medical course in Madrid.
- Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and established himself in Madrid the capital of
Spain.
- (356 pesos baon ni Rizal papuntang Espanya)
LIFE IN MADRID
- November 3,1882 – Rizal enrolled in Unibersidad Central de Madrid (Central University
of Madrid) in two courses. (Medicine and Philosophy letters)
- Acdemy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – Rizal studied painting and sculpture.
- Rizal’s only extravagance was investing a few pesetas for Lottery ticket in every draw of
the Madrid Lottery.
- Rizal spent time reading and writing at his boarding house, attending the reunions of
Filipino students at house of the Paterno brothers (Antonio, Maximo and Pedro) and
practicing fencing and shooting at the gymnasium.
Antigua Café de Levante – during summer twilights, were Rizal sipped coffee and fraternized
with the students from Cuba, Mexico, Argentina etc. On Saturday evenings, Rizal visited the
name of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with his son (Rafael) and daughter (Consuelo).
Circulo Hispano Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle) – society of Spaniards and Filipinos
which Rizal joined shortly after his arrival in Madrid in 1882.
Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses) – Upon request of members of this society Rizal
wrote this poem which he personally declaimed during the New Year’s Eve reception of the
Madrid Filipinos held in the evening of December 31,1882.
- In this sad poem, Rizal poured out the cry of his agonizing heart.
- Rizal economized on his living expences and the money he saved he purchased books
from a second-hand book store owned by a certain Señor Roses.
- Beecher’s Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s cabin and Eugene Sue’s the Wandering Jew these two
books aroused Rizal’s sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate people.
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS (1883)
- During his first summer vacation in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris gay capital of France.
- The prices of foods, drinks, theatre, laundry, tickets, hotel accommodation and
transportation were too high for Rizal’s slender purse so he commented in a letter to his
family “Paris is the costliest capital in Europe)”.
- June 17 to August 20,1883 – Rizal sojourn in Paris.
- Hotel de Paris – located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he
moved to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin Quarter.
- Laennec Hospital – where Rizal observed the examination of different diseases of
women.
- Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish Mason openly and freely criticized the
government policies and lambasted the friars which could not be done in Philippines.
- March 1883 – Rizal joined the Masonic Lodge called Acacia in Madrid .
- Rizal reason for becoming a mason was to secure freemansory’s aid in his fight against
the friars in the Philippines.
- Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) – Rizal transferred where he became a Master Mason on
November 15, 1890
- February 15, 1892- Rizal was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient
de France in Paris
- Science, Virtue and Labor- Rizal’s only Masonic writing; a lecture which he delivered in
1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid
- After Rizal’s departure for Spain, things turned from bad to worse in Calamba:
(1) harvests of rice and sugarcane failed on account of drought and locusts
(2) the manager of the Dominican-owned hacienda increased the rentals of the lands
(3) a dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys.
- Due to hard times in Calamba, the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in
arrival and there were times when they never arrived
- June 24, 1884 - a touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid wherein he was broke and
was unable to take breakfast
- Rizal attended his class at the university, participated in the contest in Greek language
and won the gold medal
- Evening of June 25, 1884- a banquet was sponsored by the Filipino community to
celebrate the double victory of the Filipino artist in the National Exposition of Fine Arts
in Madrid—Luna’s Spoliarium winning the first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins
Exposed to the Populace (Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho), second prize
- November 20, 21, and 22, 1884- the serene city of Madrid exploded in bloody riots by
the students of the Central University
- These student demonstrations were caused by the address of Dr. Miguel Morayta,
professor of history, at the opening ceremonies of the academic year on November 20,
in which he proclaimed “the freedom of science and the teacher”
- The Rector, who also took the side of the students, was forced to resign and was
replaced by Doctor Creus, “a very unpopular man, disliked by everybody”
- November 26, 1884- Rizal wrote the recounting tumultuous riots to his family
- June 21, 1884- Rizal completed his medical course in Spain; he was conferred the degree
of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid
- The next academic year (1884-1885), Rizal studied and passed all subjects leading to the
degree of Doctor of Medicine but he did not present the thesis required for graduation
nor paid the corresponding fees, he was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma
- June 19, 1885- on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid with the rating of
“Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)
 - November 26, 1884- a letter to Rizal’s family written in Madrid wherein he said “My
doctorate is not of very much value to me… because although it is useful to a university
professor, yet, I believe they (Dominican friars—Z) will never appoint me as such in the
College of Santo Tomas. I say the same thing of philosophy and letters which may serve
also for a professorship, but I doubt if the Dominican fathers will grant it to me.”
LESSON 7: RIZAL’S TRAVEL PART II
Germany – 1886 – 1887
Manila, PH – 1887
Hongkong – 1888
Japan – 1888
Biaritz, France – 1891
Paris, France – 1891
Philippines – 1892 – 1896
Philippines – 1882

IN PARIS (1885 – 1886)

 November 1885, Rizal was living in Paris where he sojourned for about four months
 Dr. Louis de Weckert (1852 – 1906) – leading French ophthalmologist wherein Rizal
worked as an assistant from November 1885 to February 1886.
 In Luna’s Canvas “The Death of Cleopatra” Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest. In another
of Luna’s great paintings “The Blood Compact” he posed as Sikatuna with Trinidad
Pardo de Tavera taking the role of Legazpi.
 He was a flutist in various impromptu reunions of Filipinos in Paris.
 Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race)
 La Deportacion (Deportation)
IN HISTORIC HEIDELBERG (GERMANY)
 February 1,1886 – Rizal reluctantly left Paris for Germany
 February 3,1886 – Rizal arrived in Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany famous for its
old university and romantic surroundings.
 Chess Player’s Club
 Dr. Otto Becker – distinguished German ophthalmologist where Rizal worked
(University Eye Hospital)
  April 22, 1886 – Rizal wrote a five poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Flowers of
Heidelberg)
 Wilhelmsfeld
 Dr. Karl Ullmer – a kind protestant pastor where Rizal stayed who became his good
friend and admirer.
 June 25,1886 – Rizal ended his sojourn at pastor Ullmer’s home
IN LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN (GERMANY)
 August 9,1886 – Rizal left Heidelberg
 August 14, 1886 – boarded by a train, Rizal arrived in Leipzig.
 In Leipzig, Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Tagalog
 Rizal worked as proof – reader in a publisher’s firm
 October 29,1886 – Rizal left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer,
Director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum
 Morning of November 1,1886 – Rizal left Dresden by train reaching Berlin in the
evening.
BERLIN GERMANY
 Rizal met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German Scientist-traveler and
author of travels in the Philippines. A book which Rizal read admired during his student
days in Manila.
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow – Introduced to Rizal by Dr. Jagor; famous German anthropologist.
 Dr. Ernest Schweigger (1830-1905) – famous German ophthalmologist where Rizal
worked.
 Rizal became a member of the Anthropological society. The Ethnological society, and
the Geographical society of Berlin, upon recommendation of Dr. Jagor and Dr. Meyer.
 Tagalische Verkunst (Tagalog Metrical Art)
 NOLI ME TANGERE (PUBLISHED IN BERLIN 1887)
 The break winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money arrive
from Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina gave
him was in the pawnshop.
 March 21,1887 – The Noli Me Tangere came off the press.
RIZAL’S GRAND TOUR OF EUROPE WITH MAXIMO VIOLA (1887)
 May 11, 1887 – Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train.
 Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia) – next stopover after leaving Dresden.

LEITMERITZ (CZECH REPUBLIC)

  At 1:30 PM of May 13,1887 – The train with Rizal and Viola on board, arrived at the
railroad station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia. For the first time the two great Scholars, Rizal
and Blumentritt met in person.
 May 13 to May 16, 1887 – Rizal and Viola stayed in Leitmeritz.
 May 16, 1887 at 9:45 AM – Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train.
PRAGUE (CZECH REPUBLIC)
 Dr. Willkom – professor of natural history in the University of Prague.
 According to Viola “nothing of importance happened” in this city.
VIENNA (AUSTRIA)
 May 20, 1887 – Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital of Austria
Hungary
 Norfentals – One of the greatest Austrian novelists was favorably impressed by Rizal,
and years later he spoke highly of Rizal “whose genius he so much admired”
 Hotel Metropole
FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL (Switzerland)
 Munich – where Rizal and Viola sojourned for a short time
 From Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and the Rheinfall (Cascade of the Rhine)
 June 2 to 3 1887 – stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland
GENEVA (SWITZERLAND)
 June 19, 1887 – Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out
 Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in Geneva.
 June 23, 1887 – Viola and Rizal parted ways.
 Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain – Rizal was outraged by this degradation
of his fellow countrymen the Igorots of Northern Luzon.
RIZAL IN ITALY
 June 27, 1887 – Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and also called the “City of the
Caesars”
 June 29, 1887 – The Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time the
Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom.
 After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal prepared to return to the Philippines.
He had already written to his father he was coming home.

HOMECOMING (1887-1888)
  Because of the publication of Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused aong the friars.
Rizal was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law) Chengoy
(Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends not to return home.
 June 29, 1887 – Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming “On the 15th July, I
shall embark for our country, so that from the 15th to the 30th of August, we shall see
each other”
DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA
 Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French port which he reach without mishap
 June 3, 1887 – Rizal boarded the streamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought
him to Europe 5 years ago.
 July 30, 1887 – at Saigon, Rizal transferred to another streamer, Haiphong which was
Manila bounded.
 August 2, 1887 – The streamer left Saigon for Manila.
 Near midnight of August 5, 1887, The Haiphong arrived in Manila.