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Oil Tank Pressure and Density Calculations

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9 views11 pages

Oil Tank Pressure and Density Calculations

Uploaded by

wingfung.ng
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 Fig. 3.1 shows an oil tank that has a rectangular base of dimensions 2.4 m by 1.5 m.

oil

depth of oil
1.5 m

1.5 m

2.4 m

Fig. 3.1

3
The tank is filled with oil of density 850 kg / m to a depth of 1.5 m.

(a) Calculate

(i) the pressure exerted by the oil on the base of the tank,

pressure = ................................................................. [2]

(ii) the force exerted by the oil on the base of the tank.

force = ................................................................. [2]

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(b) The force calculated in (a)(ii) is the weight of the oil.

Calculate the mass of oil in the tank.

mass = ................................................................. [1]

(c) When he is checking the level of oil in the tank, a man drops a brass key into the oil and it
sinks to the bottom of the oil.

(i) State what this shows about the density of brass.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Explain how attaching the key to a piece of wood could prevent the key from sinking.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

[Total: 7]

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2 A student wishes to find the volume of a piece of wood of irregular shape. Her experiment requires
the use of a small brass object of mass 200 g.

(a) Calculate the volume of the brass object. The density of brass is 8.4 g / cm3.

volume = ...........................................................[2]

(b) To find the volume of the piece of wood, the student has a measuring cylinder, a supply of
water and the brass object in (a). The piece of wood and the brass object are small enough to
be placed in the measuring cylinder.

(i) The piece of wood does not sink in water.

Suggest why.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe what the student does to find the volume of the piece of wood, stating the
measurements that she makes and any calculations required.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[4]

[Total: 7]

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3 A student has 500 identical, rectangular sheets of paper. The mass of 1.0 m2 of the paper is
0.080 kg.

(a) Using a metre rule, she measures the length of one sheet of paper and its width. The length is
0.300 m and the width is 0.210 m.

(i) Calculate the mass of one sheet of paper.

mass = ...........................................................[1]

(ii) The student makes a single pile of the 500 sheets of paper.

With a metre rule, she measures the height of the pile. The height of the pile is 0.048 m.

Calculate the density of the paper.

density = ...........................................................[3]

(b) A second student has only 5 sheets of the same type of paper.

Suggest how this student determines the density of the paper to a similar accuracy. Additional
apparatus may be used.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 6]

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4 A student has a large number of coins of different diameters, all made of the same metal. She
wishes to find the density of the metal by a method involving placing the coins in water.

(a) State the formula needed to calculate the density.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Describe how the measurements of the required quantities are carried out.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [5]

(c) State one precaution taken when carrying out the measurements in (b) to ensure that the
result is as accurate as possible.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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5 A student wishes to determine the density of a small, irregularly shaped stone.

(a) With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe an experiment to determine the volume of the
stone.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

(b) (i) State the other quantity, apart from the volume, that must be measured in order to
determine the density.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State the formula that is used to calculate the density.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(c) The student now wishes to determine the volume of a small, irregularly shaped piece of wood
that floats in water. He notices that a small lead weight tied to the wood makes it sink in water.

Describe how the student can adapt the experiment in (a) to determine the volume of the
wood. You may draw a diagram.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 8]

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6 (a) Define density.

..........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The density of aluminium is 2.70 g / cm3. The thickness of a rectangular sheet of
aluminium foil varies, but is much less than 1 mm.

A student wishes to find the average thickness. She obtains the following measurements.

mass of sheet = 60.7 g


length of sheet = 50.0 cm
width of sheet = 30.0 cm

Calculate the student’s values for

(i) the volume of the sheet,

volume = .................................................. [2]

(ii) the average thickness of the sheet.

=thickness .................................................. [2]

(c) Another student, provided with a means of cutting the sheet, decides to find its average
thickness using a single measuring instrument. Assume the surfaces of the sheet are
perfectly smooth.

(i) Name a measuring instrument she could use.

.............................................................................................................................. [1]

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(ii) Describe the procedure she should follow to obtain an accurate value of the
average thickness of the sheet.
Details of how to read the instrument are not required.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [3]

[Total: 9]

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7 Fig. 1.1 shows a side view of a large tank in a marine visitor attraction.

sea-water

viewing
panel
M

tank

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The tank is 51 m long and 20 m wide. The sea-water in the tank is 11 m deep and has a
density of 1030 kg / m3.

(a) Calculate the mass of water in the tank.

mass = ................................................. [3]

(b) The pressure at point M, halfway down the large viewing panel, is 60 kPa more than
atmospheric pressure.

Calculate the depth of M below the surface of the water.

depth = ................................................. [2]

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(c) The viewing panel is 32.8 m wide and 8.3 m high.

Calculate the outward force of the water on the panel. Assume that the pressure at M is
the average pressure on the whole panel.

force = ................................................. [2]

[Total: 7]

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Common questions

Powered by AI

The force exerted by the water on a viewing panel is calculated by multiplying the panel's area by the average pressure of the water acting on it. If pressure at a specific point, such as M, is known, it is often assumed that this represents the average pressure for large panels. This pressure can be found and adjusted to total pressure above atmosphere, as given in this scenario with the additional 60 kPa above atmospheric pressure .

A micrometer screw gauge would be ideal for accurately measuring the average thickness of an aluminium sheet. The procedure involves multiple measurements at different points on the sheet to account for variability in thickness. A mean value is then calculated from these measurements to determine the average thickness accurately .

To determine the mass of sea-water in a tank, first calculate its volume: length × width × depth, which is 51 m × 20 m × 11 m = 11,220 m³. With sea-water density at 1030 kg/m³, mass is volume × density = 11,220 m³ × 1030 kg/m³ = 11,556,600 kg. Ensure accurate measurements and factor in potential variations or non-uniformities across tank boundaries for precision .

To determine the density of an irregularly shaped piece of wood, a brass object can be used along with a measuring cylinder and water. By submerging the brass object and recording the water displacement, the volume of the wood, which doesn't sink on its own, can later be found. Attaching the wood to a brass object allows the combined volume displacement to be measured. The wood's volume is then the added displacement minus the volume of the brass object .

The mass of one sheet of paper can be calculated by multiplying its area by the area mass given: 0.300 m × 0.210 m × 0.080 kg/m² = 0.00504 kg. To calculate the density of the stack, the mass of the 500 sheets is 500 × 0.00504 kg = 2.52 kg. The volume of the stack is calculated by multiplying sheet area by stack height, 0.300 m × 0.210 m × 0.048 m = 0.003024 m³. Density is then mass/volume = 2.52 kg / 0.003024 m³ = 833 kg/m³ .

The pressure exerted by a liquid at the bottom of a container can be calculated using the formula: Pressure = density × gravity × height (P = ρgh). For oil with a density of 850 kg/m3 filled to a depth of 1.5 m, assuming gravity is 9.8 m/s², the pressure is calculated as follows: P = 850 kg/m³ × 9.8 m/s² × 1.5 m = 12,510 Pa or 12.51 kPa .

Adding a lead weight to floating wood enables it to submerge completely, thus allowing volume measurement through the displacement of water. The adaptation requires tying the weight to ensure the wood is fully submerged, then using a graduated cylinder filled with water to measure the displacement volume, equating this volume to that of the wood .

To determine the density of an irregularly shaped stone, one should use the formula Density = mass/volume. The stone’s mass must first be measured using a balance. The volume can be determined via water displacement method where the stone's displacement in a submerged setup, like a graduated cylinder or overflow can, yields its volume .

The density of brass, approximately 8.4 g/cm³, is greater than that of many fluids, such as oil with densities around 0.85 g/cm³, which explains why a brass object sinks when submerged in oil. This sinking occurs because the brass is denser than the oil, causing it to displace a volume of oil less than its own weight, resulting in net downward force .

The density of metal coins can be calculated by first measuring their total mass and then their volume, determined through water displacement in a graduated cylinder. The displacement method involves submerging the coins and noting the increase in water level, which equals the volume of the coins. Density is mass divided by this volume. A key precaution is to ensure no air bubbles are trapped on the coins, as this can lead to an inaccurate volume measurement .

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