Project :

Project No. :
DESCRIPTION :
Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall Page
Designed by :
PC Date :
7-Sep-11 Checked by : Date :

Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall : Wall No. Wall for south side of tank area
Input Data : Concrete compressive strength, f c' = 4
w Rebar yield strength, fy = 60
twt d Allowable soil bearing pressure, ss = 2.500
EL "W" Surcharge load on top of backfill (heel / toe), w= 250
EL "X" Elevation of higher finished grade, EL "X" = 28.00
Elevation of lower finished grade, EL "Z" = 20.00
w Elevation of underside of footing, EL "Y" = 16.00
Hw hw hh H Elevation of top of wall, EL "W" = 30.00
EL "Z" Elevation of existing grade, EL "Ze" = 18.00
twb Width of footing, D = 10.00
A B
HT (Consider shear key & passive pressure to achieve factor of safety against sliding)
Footing thickness, tf = 18.00
EL "Y" tf
Wall thickness (at base), twb = 18.00
Wall thickness (at top), twt = 12.00
D
Length of toe cantilever of footing, A= 2.00
Height of fill (heel) above U/S of ftg, hh = EL"X"-EL"Y" = 12.00
Shear Key as reqd Height of fill (heel) above top of ftg, hw = h h - tf = 10.50
Height of wall above top of ftg, Hw = EL"W"-EL"Y" - tf = 12.50
Angle of internal friction of backfill, a= 30
Surcharge may act on Slope of backfill behind wall, d= 6
heel &/or toe. Input Y
Coefficent of friction between soil & ftg base, m= 0.40
&/or N below as
appropriate. Density of backfill, gs = 100
Density of concrete, gc = 150
Surcharge on heel ? Concrete cover for wall rebar & ftg top rebars, ccw = 2
(Y or N ) Y Concrete cover for footing bottom rebar, ccf = 3
lh = 1.0 Factor of safety against overturning = 1.5
Surcharge on toe ? FS against sliding (passive pressure NOT considered) = 1.5
(Y or N ) N Consider width of 1 ft : Width, b= 12
lt = 0.0 Rebar Sizes: ftg rebars
wall rebars
Consider backill on toe (top layer)
( Y or N ) N Type # 8 8
lbf = 0.0 Rebar spacing, s 12 12
Bar diameter,db 1.000 1.000
Area of each bar, Ab 0.79 0.79
As(provd) = Ab * b / s 0.79 0.79
Calculation : O.K. O.K.
a) Compute overturning moment (OTM) & horizontal force (PH) due to earth pressure :
Coefficient of active earth pressure, Ka = 0.339
(Surcharge on heel) Length of heel cantilever of footing, B = D - A - twb / 12 = 6.50
lh = 1.0 Height of sloping backfill above EL "X" at heel, hs = B * tan (d) = 0.68
Height of sloping backfill above EL "Y" at heel, H = hh + hs = 12.68
Active soil pressure on wall (Pa) Paih (kips/ft) yi (ft) Pi*yi (ft-kips/ft)
Pa1
Pa1h Pa1 = Ka * lh * w * H = 1.07 1.07 6.34 6.78
H
Pa2 Pa2 = Ka * gs * H2 / 2 = 2.73 2.71 4.23 11.46
Pa2h Pta1 = -Ka * lt * w * HT = 0.00 2.00 0.00
Pta2 = -Ka * lbf * gs * (HT)2 / 2 = 0.00 1.33 0.00
Pa1v
Pa2v HT = EL "Z" - EL "Y" = 4.00 ft OTM = S(Pi*yi) = 18.24
PH = Pa1h + Pa2h = 3.78

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 1 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

Project :
Project No. :
DESCRIPTION :
Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall Page
Designed by :
PC Date :
7-Sep-11 Checked by : Date :

Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall : Wall No. Wall for south side of tank area
NOTE : Pta1 & Pta2 are active pressures from backfill on toe side if toe backfill & surcharge are considered.

b) Compute restoring moment due to weight of retaining wall & backfill behind wall:
xi is the distance of Wi from left toe. Weight of backfill on front footing may be ignored or considered.
Wi (kips/ft) xi (ft) Wi*xi (ft-kips/ft)
Wall: gc * twt * Hw = 1.88 3.000 5.63
gc * (twb - twt ) * Hw / 2 = 0.47 2.333 1.09
(Surcharge on heel) Footing : gc * tf * D = 2.25 5.000 11.25
lh = 1.0 Surcharge (heel): lh * w * B = 1.63 6.750 10.97
Backfill (on heel): gs * B * hw = 6.83 6.750 46.07
(No surcharge on toe) gs * B * hs / 2 = 0.22 7.833 1.74
lt = 0.0 Surcharge (toe): lt * w * A = 0.00 1.000 0.00
(No backfill on toe) Backfill (on toe): gs * A * tst = 0.00 1.000 0.00
lbf = 0.0 Pa1v = Pa1 * sin(d) = 0.11 10.000 1.12
Toe backfill thickness Pa2v = Pa2 * sin(d) = 0.28 10.000 2.85
tst=lbf*(EL"Z"-EL"Y"-tf) S= 13.66 80.72
= 0.000 ft Restoring moment, RM = S(Wi*xi) = 80.72
Total vertical force, PV = S(Wi) = 13.66
c) Compute factors of safety (Stability Ratios):
Factor of safety against overturning = RM / OTM = 4.43
Factor of safety against sliding = m * PV / PH = 1.45

d) Check soil pressure : x' = (RM - OTM) / PV = 4.57

Pv Centerline of ftg eccentricity, e = D / 2 - x' = 0.43
X' e 6*e/D= 0.26
Case 1 : If 6*e/D<1
D/2 pmax pmin pmin = PV / D * ( 1 - 6 * e / D ) = 1.02
pmax = PV / D * ( 1 + 6 * e / D ) = 1.72
Case 2 : If 6*e/D>1 Y = 1.5 * D - 3 * e = -----
pmax
pmax = 2 * PV / Y = -----
Net max induced soil pressure, snet = pmax - gs * (EL "Ze" - EL "Y") = 1.52

e) Check wall rebars & thickness: d = twb - ccw - db / 2 = 15.5

Load factor, aL = 1.7
Mu = aL * Ka * hw2 * (lh * w + gs * hw / 3) / 2 = 19.06
m = fy / ( 0.85 * fc' ) = 17.65
b1 = 0.85 - 0.05 * ( fc' - 4) = 0.85
r(min) = 0.0015
r(provd) = As / ( b * d ) = 0.0042
f = 0.90
Ru = (Mu * 12) / (f * b * d2) = 0.0881
r(reqd) = [1 - (1 - 2 * m * Ru / fy )1/2] / m = 0.0015
Kr = [ 1 - r * m / 2 ] * r * f y = 0.245
f * Mr(provd) = f * Kr * b * d2 / 12 = 53.0
f) Check wall shear & thickness : [ > Mu ]
h = hw - d = 9.21
Vu = aL * Ka * h * (lh * w + gs * h / 2 ) = 3.77
f= 0.85
f * Vn(provd) = f * 2 * (fc' * 103)1/2 * b * d * 10-3 = 20.0

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 2 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

Project :
Project No. :
DESCRIPTION :
Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall Page
Designed by :
PC Date :
7-Sep-11 Checked by : Date :

Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall : Wall No. Wall for south side of tank area
[ > Vu ]

g) Check rebars (top layer) in heel cantilever of footing & footing thickness :
Note : For bending moment, the critical section is taken at the center of the wall vertical rebars.
Compute bending moment due to surcharge, weight of backfill on heel cantilever, self-weight of
heel cantilever and upward soil pressure acting at underside of heel cantilever.
w gs gc
d = tf - ccw - db / 2 = 15.5
r(min) = 0.0018
Pmax p4 Pmin r(provd) = As / ( b * d ) = 0.0042
moment arm, a = B + ccw + db / 2 = 6.71
p4 f= 0.90 Load factor, aD = 1.4
Pmax
Load factor, aL = 1.7
soil pressure at inside face of wall, p4 = 1.47
Mc = moment at inside wall face due to upward soil pressure = 24.67
(Surcharge on heel) Mu = {aL*lh*w + aD*[ gs*(hw + hs/2) + gc*tf]}*a2/2 - aD*Mc = 16.26
lh = 1.0 Ru = (Mu * 12) / (f * b * d2) = 0.0752
r(reqd) = [1 - (1 - 2 * m * Ru / fy )1/2] / m = 0.0013
Kr = [ 1 - r * m / 2 ] * r * f y = 0.245
f * Mr(provd) = f * Kr * b * d2 / 12 = 53.0
[ > Mu ]
f= 0.85
Vsoil = Upward force at inside wall face due to soil pressure = 8.08
Vu = {aL* lh * w + aD * [ gs*(hw + hs/2) + gc*tf ] }* B - aD * Vsoil = 3.36
f * Vn(provd) = f * 2 * (fc' * 10 )
3 1/2
* b * d * 10 =
-3
20.0
[ > Vu ]

h) Check rebars (bottom layer) in toe cantilever of footing & footing thickness :
A
p1 = pmax at toe = 1.72
d
soil pressure at d from outside face of wall, p2 = 1.66
soil pressure at outside face of wall, p3 = 1.58
p1 p2 p3
Use aL for p1, p2 & p3 and aD for self-weight of toe cantilever & backfill
f= 0.90 Load factor, aD = 1.4
Load factor, aL = 1.7
(No surcharge on toe) Thickness of backfill on toe, tst = 0.00
lt = 0.0 Mu = [aL * (p1/3 + p3/6 - lt*w/2) - aD * (gc*tf + gs*tst)/2] * A2 = 5.05

d = tf - ccf - db / 2 = 14.5
r(provd) = As / ( b * d ) = 0.0045
Ru = (Mu * 12) / (f * b * d ) =
2
0.0267
r(reqd) = [1 - (1 - 2 * m * Ru / fy )1/2] / m = 0.0004
Kr = [ 1 - r * m / 2 ] * r * f y = 0.262
f * Mr(provd) = f * Kr * b * d2 / 12 = 49.5
[ > Mu ]
f= 0.85
Vu = [ aL* (p1 + p2) / 2 - aD * gc * tf - aL * lt * w - aD * gs * tst ] * (A - d) = 2.02
f * Vn(provd) = f * 2 * (fc' * 103)1/2 * b * d * 10-3 = 18.7

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 3 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

Project :
Project No. :
DESCRIPTION :
Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall Page
Designed by :
PC Date :
7-Sep-11 Checked by : Date :

Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall : Wall No. Wall for south side of tank area
[ > Vu ]

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 4 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

 CALCULATION SHEET

for south side of tank area

ksi
ksi
ksf O.K.
psf
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft O.K.
or of safety against sliding) N.G.
in. O.K.
in. O.K.
in.
ft
ft
ft
ft
degrees
degrees

pcf
pcf
in.
in.

in.
ftg rebars
(bottom layer)
8
12
1.000
0.79
0.79
O.K.
Computed; or can be
input data
ft.
ft.
ft.
Paih = Pai * cos(d)
yi = H / 2
yi = H / 3
yi = HT / 2
yi = HT / 3
ft-kips/ft
kips/ft

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 5 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

 CALCULATION SHEET

for south side of tank area

are considered.

ored or considered.

xi = A + twb - twt / 2
xi = A + (twb-twt)*2/3
xi = D / 2
xi = D - B / 2
xi = D - B / 2
xi = D - B / 3
xi = A / 2
xi = A / 2
xi = D
xi = D

ft-kips/ft
kips/ft

O.K.
N.G.

ft
ft
Provide shear key &/or
consider passive
pressure
ksf

ksf O.K.

in

ft-kips/ft

[ > r(min) ] O. K.

[ < r(provd) ] O. K.
ksi
ft-kips/ft O. K.

ft
kips/ft

kips/ft O. K.

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 6 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

 CALCULATION SHEET

for south side of tank area

self-weight of

in

[ > r(min) ] O. K.
ft

ksf
ft-kips/ft
ft-kips/ft

[ < r(provd) ] O. K.
ksi
ft-kips/ft O. K.

kips/ft
kips/ft
kips/ft O. K.

ksf
ksf
ksf
ever & backfill

ft
ft-kips/ft

in
[ > r(min) ] O.K.

[ < r(provd) ] O.K.

ksi
ft-kips/ft O.K.

kips/ft
kips/ft O.K.

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 7 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

 CALCULATION SHEET

for south side of tank area

[Link] Sheet 1 Shear Wall Page 8 of 12; Updated on September 7, 2011

Project :
0 Project No. :
DESCRIPTION :
Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall Page
Designed by :
PC Date :
7-Sep-11 Checked by : Date :

Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall : Wall No. Wall for south side of tank area

Consider shear key &/or passive pressure. Top 12" (300mm) is not considered.
If shear key is not required, set shear key depth to zero (i.e., Ds = 0) with non-zero value of Bs.

Shear key dimensions :

Width, Bs = 1.50
Passive pressure & shear key considered : Depth, Ds = 2.75
Factor of safety against sliding = 2
(** with consideration of passive soil pressure)
EL "X" Coefficient of passive earth pressure, Kp = 3.000
(Kp can be input data as per soil report or computed as Kp = 1 / Ka)
H + Ds

EL "Z" Footing width, D= 10.00

Footing thickness, tf = 18.00
PH Concrete cover for rebar, cc = ccw = 2
HP Density of backfill, gs = 100
PP
EL "Y" tf Concrete compressive strength, fc' = 4
Ds Rebar yield strength, fy = 60
Coef. of friction between soil & ftg base, m= 0.40
Bs
Check stability ratio (factor of safety) against sliding with passive pressure & shear key :
(For Pa1h & Pa2h, refer to previous sheet & adjust pressure to include active pressure on shear key)
Shear Key as reqd Pa1h = 1.07
Pa2h = 2.71
H= 12.68
Surcharge on toe, HDs = H + Ds = 15.43
whether present or not, PH1 = Pa1h * HDs / H = 1.30
is not considered here
for passive pressure PH2 = Pa2h * (HDs)2 / H2 = 4.01
computation. Total horizontal shear force to be resisted, PH = PH1 + PH2 = 5.31
Total weight of wall, surcharge & backfill, PV = S(Wi) = 13.66
Total vertical force, PW = S(Wi) + weight of shear key = 14.28
Frictional resistance against sliding, PFR = m * PW = 5.71

Not considering top 12" (300mm) of soil at toe side, depth of soil, H P, producing passive pressure is :
HP = EL "Z" - EL "Y" - 1 (ft) + Ds = 5.75
Passive resistance from soil, Pp = Kp * gs * (HP) / 2 =
2
4.96
Total horizontal resistance due to friction and soil passive pressure, P R = PFR + PP = 10.67

Factor of safety against sliding = PR / PH = 2.01

Consider width of 1 ft : Width, b= 12

Rebar Sizes:
rebars

Type # 8
Rebar spacing, s 12
Bar diameter,db 1.000
Area of each bar, Ab 0.79
As(provd) = Ab * b / s = 0.79
Project :
0 Project No. :
DESCRIPTION :
Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall Page
Designed by :
PC Date :
7-Sep-11 Checked by : Date :

Design of Cantilever Retaining Wall : Wall No. Wall for south side of tank area

Calculation (Design of shear key):

a) Check shear key rebars due to bending moment:

Passive pressure at top of shear key, ppt = Kp * gs * (HP - Ds) = 0.900

Passive pressure at base of shear key, ppb = Kp * gs * HP = 1.725
(Effect of surcharge on toe is NOT considered)

(Surcharge on heel) Active pressure at top, pat = Ka * (lh * w + gs * H) * cos(d) = 0.515

lh = 1.0 Active pressure at base, pab = Ka * (lh * w + gs * HDs) * cos (d) = 0.608

pt = ppt - pat = 0.385

pb = ppb - pab = 1.117

d = Bs - cc - db / 2 = 15.5
Load factor, aL = 1.7
Mu = aL * [ pt / 2 + (pb - pt) / 3 ] * Ds2 = 5.61

m = fy / ( 0.85 * fc' ) = 17.65

b1 = 0.85 - 0.05 * ( fc' - 4) = 0.85
r(min) = 0.0015
r(provd) = As / ( b * d ) = 0.0042
f = 0.90
Ru = (Mu * 12) / (f * b * d2) = 0.0260
r(reqd) = [1 - (1 - 2 * m * Ru / fy )1/2] / m = 0.0004
Kr = [ 1 - r * m / 2 ] * r * f y = 0.245
f * Mr(provd) = f * Kr * b * d2 / 12 = 53.0
[ > Mu ]

b) Check shear key shear : Vu = aL * ( pt + pb ) / 2 * Ds = 3.51

f = 0.85
f * Vn(provd) = f * 2 * (fc' * 103)1/2 * b * d * 10-3 = 20.0
[ > Vu ]
 CALCULATION SHEET
0

for south side of tank area

ft O.K.
ft
** O.K.

ft (See sheet 1)
in. (See Sheet 1)
in. (See Sheet 1)
pcf (See Sheet 1)
ksi (See Sheet 1)
ksi (See Sheet 1)
(See Sheet 1)

& shear key :

sure on shear key)

kips/ft (Based on H)
kips/ft (Based on H2)
ft. (See sheet 1)
ft.
kips/ft
kips/ft
kips/ft
kips/ft (See Sheet 1)
kips/ft
kips/ft

ft
kips/ft
kips/ft

O.K.

in.

O.K.
 CALCULATION SHEET
0

for south side of tank area

ksf
ksf

ksf
ksf

ksf
ksf

in
(See Sheet 1)
ft-kips/ft

[ > r(min) ] O. K.
(See Sheet 1)

[ < r(provd) ] O. K.
ksi
ft-kips/ft O. K.

kips/ft
(See Sheet 1)
kips/ft O. K.