TXE-101
Engineering Materials
Beam, Column, Spring
MD. FAHIM BIN ALAM
Lecturer
Department of Textile Engineering
BEAM
A
„ beam is generally considered to be any member subjected to principally to transverse gravity or vertical
loading.
„ here are many types of beams that are classified according to their size, manner in which they are
T
supported, and their location in any given structural system
Classification of Beam
1. Cantilever beam
A beam which is fixed at one end and free at the
other end, is known as cantilever beam. Such beam is
shown in Fig.
2. Simply Supported beam
A beam supported or resting freely on the supports at
its both ends, is known as simply supported beam.
Such beam is shown in Fig.
Classification of Beam
3. Overhanging Beam
If the end portion of a beam is extended beyond the
support, such beam is known as overhanging beam.
Overhanging beam is shown in Fig.
4. Fixed Beam
A beam whose both ends are fixed or built-in walls, is
known as fixed beam. Such beam is shown in Fig. A fixed
beam is also known as a built-in or encastred beam.
Classification of Beam
5. Continuous Beam
A beam which is provided more than two supports as shown in Fig. is known as continuous beam.
Types of Loading
[Link] Or Point Load:-It is a type of load which
acts at the centre of the beam as shown below:-
2. Uniformly Distributed Load:-It is a type of load which
is distributed uniformly over the entire length of the beam.
3. Uniformly Varying Load:-These are the loads varying
uniformly from zero to a particular value and spread over
a certain length of the beam. Such load is also called
triangular load.
COLUMN
A vertical member whose effective length is greater than 3 times Its least lateral dimension carrying
compressive loads is called as a column. Columns transfer the loads from the beams or slabs to the footings
or foundations.
Column End Conditions
How much load a column can bear also depends on column end conditions. Column with a fixed end
conditions at both ends will be stronger, then the second column of same size, length and material but
having both ends free. Ability to carry load will be different for both columns.
Effective length of a column is calculated after knowing the column end conditions. Effective length
changes with the change in column end conditions. Following are the column end conditions.
1. Both Ends Hinged
2. Both Ends Fixed
3. One End Fixed and Other Hinged
4. One End Fixed and Other Free
Types of Columns
BOTH ENDS HINGED
This is the standard column end condition. Effective
length in this condition is equal to the length of column.
Effective length of other end conditions can be found
with reference to this condition. In this condition, both
ends of column are either pinned, pivoted or rounded.
BOTH ENDS FIXED
This is the strongest column end condition. Both ends
fixed column carries maximum load and effective length
for this condition is considered as half of total column
length. Column load bearing capacity increases with the
decrease in column equivalent length
Types of Columns
ONE END FIXED AND OTHER HINGED
In this condition, one end of a column is
stronger while the other end is very weak.
ONE END FIXED AND OTHER FREE
This end condition makes column to bear the
smallest load than all other end conditions.
Column in such condition is very weak.
SPRING
A spring is an elastic object that stores mechanical energy. Springs are typically made of spring steel. There
are many spring designs. In everyday use, the term often refers to coil springs.
Types of Springs
Bending Spring
A spring which is subjected to bending only, and the
resilience is also due to it is known as bending spring.
Laminated and Leaf spring are also known as bending
spring,
Torsion Spring
A torsion spring is a spring that works by twisting its end
along its axis; that is, a flexible elastic object that stores
mechanical energy when it is twisted. When it is twisted,
it exerts a torque in the opposite direction, proportional to
the amount (angle) it is twisted.
THANK YOU