A. Match the words with their definitions.

Words Answer Definition

1. Vigor 1. …. a. The ability to make new things.

2. Ambition b. Courage.
2. ….
3. Creativity c. Having big dreams.
4. Bravery 3. …. d. The act of taking risks.
5. Flexibility 4. …. e. The fact of adapting to different situations.
6. Adventure f. Strength of body and mind/ dynamism.
5. ….
7. Sociable 6. …. g. believes in himself and his abilities.
8. Reliable h. does what he promises to do.
9. Cooperative i. behaves like an adult.
10. Mature j. works well with other people.
11. Self-confident k. friendly, enjoys being with others.

B. Complete the following table:

Adjectives suffixes: ful – less – ous - ive – tic – al -ed – able- ible -ent/ ant
Noun suffixes: ment- ance/ence – tion- cy – ity – ness – ism

Noun adjective Noun Adjective

imagination gift
innovation skill
cooperation maturity
creativity honesty
vigour vitality
adventure reliability
ambition flexibility
audacity tolerance
energy patience
enthusiasm intelligence
optimism self-confidence
pessimism success
talent

C. Fill in the blanks with the right words from the list:

creative, adventurous, energetic, brave, careless, disobedient, ambitious, authoritarian,

old-fashioned/
a. Most adolescents are ....................................because they don’t usually obey their parents.
b. Young people think that old people are........................................ because they stick to their
traditions and ways of seeing things.
c. Young people are..................................; they never get tired.
d. Young people are..................................... ; they are hopeful about the future and they have big
dreams.
 e. Young people are.....................................because they enjoy taking risks.
f. Young people are .......................................... They have a desire to create new things.
g. Many young people believe that their parents are .......................................... because they impose
their opinions on them.
h. Young people are.......................................... ; they have no fear.
i. Many adults think that young people are …………………… as they don’t think about the results of E.
their actions.
D. Put the words in brackets in the right form

1. Tom was a (talent)………………. writer. Yet, he lost his job.

2. Parents today consider their young children (responsible) ….…………… because they can’t assume life
responsibilities alone.
3. He is (enthusiasm) ……………..…………. About starting his new job.
4. Many of young people like styles and fashion where as adults are (old-fashion) …………………
5. “Be ( care) …………..….. when you’re driving.” The father told his son.
6. My mother is always asking about details. She wants to know all about me and my friends at school.
How (inquisition) ……………….……………. She is!
7. Robert is very (intelligence)…………..…………he can solve math operations faster than a calculator.
8. Fathers use their (authoritative) …………….…………… to control their young children.
9. You easily make me (nerve) ……………………….. with your silly behavior.
10. Are you still fighting about that stupid idea. You are not (immature)……………….. enough to tolerate
other people’s views.
11. Jack is very (nose) …..……….……… he intervenes in things that doesn’t concern him.
12. Merriam is ( care) ……………..…and (punctual) ……………….…. She is never at school on time.

E. Fill in with the appropriate word. The first letter is given:

a. A lot of people believe that Messi is a T …………. Football player.

b. My sister, Sara is P …………... everyone at school knows her.
c. Laura is a C……………… student as she wrote many wonderful stories.
d. Our teacher is never late for class. She is P ………………………..
e. Rose is very S ………………………. She is capable challenge a calculator.
f. Robert is a B ……………………. person. He is never afraid of anything.
g. Where does that man got all that physical strength? He looks so V ………………….
h. A C …………….. driver never makes an accident.
i. They never listen to their parents. They always follow their minds. They are S …….…. H ………….
A. Study the dialogue and answer question

Wife: honey, what do you think about your sisters? Wife: I strongly believe that they are the best people in the
Husband: well, baby, In my opinion, they are ok. They are nice world. Why are you asking?
and likeable. Why are you asking me this question? Husband: No nothing, I just believe that you miss them so much.
Wife: No Nothing, I don’t agree with you. I don’t think they are And therefore, I think I’ll send you there to be with them
as good as you think. It seems to me that they are somehow nosy forever.
and old-fashioned. Wife: I’d like to point out that your sisters are not altogether
Husband: How do you feel about your bad; I can deal with them.
parents?

a. What’s the wife’s opinion about her husband sisters’?

b. Does she like them?
c. Does she change her mind at the end? And why?
d. How does every one of them express his /her opinion? Underline used expressions
e. Does the couple agree on each other’s views

B. Classify the expressions into the following table

You could be right, but…/ It seems to me that…/ I share the same view. / Do you think that …./ I don’t share this view / What’s
your opinion….? / According to me…/ You are absolutely wrong/ I’m with you, / I do agree

Asking for opinion Expressing opinion Agreeing Disagreeing

• What do you think • I think… / I guess • I agree with you • I’m afraid. I can’t agree with you.
about…. • As far as I’m concerned,… • I disagree with you / I don’t agree
• You’re definitely right. • I’m not with you
• Do you have any • To my mind,…
• That is logical. • That’s not the way I see it.
particular views on • As I see it, /In my opinion..
• Sorry, but I am not convinced.
…? • To my mind
• It is quite old-fashioned to say that.

C. Do you agree? b. Winter is nicer than summer

c. Fish is better than meat
a. English food is excellent d. Hard work is very pleasant.

D. Complete the following exchanges

2. Your friend: ………………………………….……….?
1. You: What’s your opinion towards youngsters who drop out of You: In my opinion, Frederic’s parents are more authorities than
school at an early age to work? expected. They should give him a little space for himself and
Your partner: …………………………………………………… freedom.

E. Match each expression with its appropriate function

Expressions Functions

1. Can you pass that dictionary, please? a. Making a suggestion

2. I can’t go to school today because I’ve a strong headache b. Disagreeing
3. You could be right, but that not a good way of doing it c. Making a request
4. For me, travelling is a way of going through new experiences d. Cause / effect
5. Let’s go to the city library today if you want to check those books there. e. Apologizing
f. Expressing opinion
Before you read

a. Have a look at the picture and title and guess what

the text is about?
b. Do you think politics and ethics are important?
c. Do you have your say in politics? Do you think
you will vote?

Young people’s view on ethics and politics

Ethics and politics are topics that affect the younger generation as well as the current generation.
However, the younger generation has very little say in what’s currently happening; it’s important that this
fact changes so we are able to have more say in the decisions that will impact us. Some people may say
young people shouldn’t be listened to because we haven’t formed mature opinions; but the voice of young
people matters because we are young; we see things differently to older people. Many policies and
services affect them already and more will start to affect them as they get older.

Ethics

Ethics is a system of morals; it’s concerned with what is good for individuals and society. In
research, it ensures that the participant doesn’t come to any physical or emotional harm whilst voluntarily
taking part in the research. The decisions about ethics made now will be in place for several years; not
only affecting young people in the future but also affecting how we’re treated in any studies we
participate in now. It’s important that we’re able to share our opinions because something older people
don’t consider important may be important to young people. This means we need the opportunity to
express our views and for them to be taken into consideration.

Politics

Politics has always been a very controversial topic and the result of any vote will impact the entire
country, its future and its relationships with surrounding countries. The decisions made now will have a
long-lasting impact on the country and its economy; the country that young people will eventually lead
is in the midst of being built. The decisions that are made now and in the near future will affect things
such as: the education system, the health system, public transport and many more, which some young
people use daily. It’s important to have young people’s input on politics because as adults they don’t
have first- hand experience of the impact their choices are having; whereas if we were able to have
their voicesheard then they would be able to have some hopefully positive impact on both their present
and their future.

It’s important for young people to have their opinions heard because although adults may have young
people’s best interests in mind they don’t necessarily know what’s best for young people. Allowing
young people some influence in the decisions being made about their future in terms of both ethics
and politics will encourage more young people to develop an interest in these topics as they may beable
to adjust how things are currently.

Adapted from: [Link]

A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.
1) Ethics and politics affect both young people and adults.
……………………………………………………
2) Young people do express their opinions on different matters.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3) Listening to the views of young people will have a positive effect now and in the future.
………………………………………………………………………………
B. Answer the following questions:
1) Why some adults think young people shouldn’t be listened to?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2) Why does the voice of young people matter according to the writer?
…………………………………………………………………….
3) Why is politics so important?
…………………………………………………………………………………

C. Pick out from the text phrases or sentences which show that…
1) The definition of ‘good or important’ is not the same for young people and adults.
………………………………………………………………..……………………
2) The intention of adults can be good.
…………………………………………………………………………………….
D. Find in the text words meaning almost the same as:
1) Opinion (paragraph 1) …………………
2) Chance (paragraph 2) ………………
E. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
1) We ……………………………….
2) Its ……………………………….
3) They ……………………………….
Gerund
A gerund is a verb form that ends in “-ing” and is used as a noun (walking, traveling, voting); an
infinitive is the base form of a verb preceded by “to” (to walk, to travel, to vote). Gerunds and infinitives can
function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb.

A. Complete these sixteen sentences to score your knowledge of GERUNDS and

INFINITIVES

1. My friend really enjoys … books and 9. I think that… a second language is

magazines. fun.
a) to read a) learn
b) reading b) learning
c) to reads c) to learning
2. … enough sleep is very important for 10. Steven dislikes … , so he usually
good health. takes a bus to work.
a) Getting a) to drive
b) Get b) diving
c) Is getting c) drives
3. … is not allowed inside the building. 11. I like …, but unfortunately, I’m not
You should go outside. very good at it.
a) smoke a) to cook
b) smokes b) cook
c) s moking c) cooks
4. I love … a cup of tea in the early 12. … at this beach is not allowed after
afternoon. sunset.
a) to drink a) to swimming
b) drink b) swim
c) to drinking c) swimming
5. Thomas usually … TV after he 13. Jennifer wants … her friend in San
gets home from school. Francisco next week.
a) watches a) to visit
b) to watch b) visits
c) watching c) visiting
6. I really dislike … on holidays and 14. I … one or two cups of coffee every
weekends. morning.
a) working a) to drink
b) to work b) drinking
c) work c) drink
7. ... along the beach is a great way 15. (A) Do you … every day?
to relax. (B) No, I don’t.
a) Walk a) exercising
b) Walking b) exercise
c) Walks c) to exercise
8. (A) Do you like … Italian food? 16. … is a great exercise, but you should
(B) Yes, I do. remember to wear a helmet.
a) eat a) Cycles
b) to eating b) Cycle
c) to eat c) Cycling
Permission granted to reproduce for classroom use. © [Link]
 B. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form:

a. She never admits ................................... (make) mistakes.

b. Please avoid .............................. (be) alone with him.
c. When you finish ............................... (do) your homework, call me.
d. They are used… ....................... (drink) coffee in the morning.
e. I dislike.......................................(study) history.
f. I enjoy ............................... (walk) in the rain.
g. She can’t afford ................................... (buy) a car.
h. I decided ……………….. (go) on Saturday. Don’t forget ......................... (tell) him the news.
i. They managed ..................................... (pass) their exams.
j. He refused ..................................... (see) me again.
k. Remember .............................. (post) the letters.
l. She seems ............................. (be) happy.
m. He advised me ................................. (study) hard.
n. I’m sorry for ................................... (keep) you late.
o. Let me .......................... (help) you.
p. Instead of ..................................... (study), Alice watched TV.
q. He succeeded in ..................................... (pass) his exam.
r. I’m looking forward to .......................................... (go) to London.
s. They feel like… ....................... (play) on Sunday.
t. The little boy’s mother warned him .......................... (not / eat) so many apples.
u. They reminded me ........................... (do) my assignment.
v. Cindy told him ............................... (not / wait) for her.
w. Can you touch your toes without ......................... (bend) your knees?
x. I can’t help ......................... (look) at her.
 A. Describing a favorite person
Physical Description

Age Young Middle-aged Old

Height

Short Medium Tall

Build

Thin /Slim overweight/Fat

Face Oval Round square

Sample paragraph 1:

My favorite person’s name is Alice. She is fifteen

years old. She is short, but she is a cute girl. Her blue Long short
eyes are so attractive and they fit well with her blond
short hair. My friend is slim and elegant. She always Hair
dresses in fashionable clothes. She has a round face,
thin lips and a cute nose. As for herpersonality, Alice is curly Straight
a friendly and sociable girl. Everyone at school knows
and likes her. She is also an intelligent student. She wavy
manages to solve all mathematics in a short time and
sometimes faster than a calculator. I really love her and I
want to be like her one day. Bald
Answer these questions: Big, small, narrow, blue, brown,
Eyes fashionable
a. What color are Alice’s eyes? Formal, casual, smart, tidy
…………………………………………….………… clothes
b. Is Alice tall?
…………………………………………………………
Serious Strict, not silly
c. How does she dress?
Funny Humorous, likes fun
…………………………………………………………
Optimistic Believes life is good
d. Can you describe her personality?
Helpful Likes to help people
…………………………………………………………
…..
Personality and Traits
Friendly Easy to befriend
Sociable Likes to talk
Kind Good-hearted
Moody Can be sad or happy at anytime
Calm Serene, tranquil, not violent
Intelligent Having the capacity to reason well
Sample paragraph 2:

When I was a child, I admired my grandmother for her strength and kindness. She was not very fat.
She was very thin, yet she was strong. She lived by herself and still did a lot of the housework. She was tall
and had a round face. She had a long wavy hair and dark brown big eyes. She was a very a happy person
and was always smiling and joking. She often made me laugh. My grandmother was also very patient. She
always listened to all my problems. She gave me very good advice whenever I need it. I was never afraid to
tell her anything because she never got angry at me. She just listened and tried to help. She was very helpful
in everything. I also like to spend time with her as she had interesting stories to tell about her childhood and
life experiences. When I was young, my grandmother was my favorite friend.

B. Practice

Think of a person you like best and complete the following chart about him/her.
Name and …………………………………………………………………………………………………..
relationship
Physical ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
appearance
Skills/ abilities ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Behaviour ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Special traits ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

What others ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

say about the …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
person

Now write your paragraph:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy"
A. Study the spider gram and match the words with their right definitions:

Words Definitions
a. To kid 1) An amusing imitation of a famous person.
b. Impression 2) A short story that causes laughter.
c. Joke 3) Tease or laugh at someone.
d. Silly 4) Anything that makes you laugh
e. humour 5) To tell jokes; to joke with someone
f. Make fun of 6) Funny in a stupid or ridiculous way.

B. Fill in the blanks with the right words you have just studied.
1) His jokes are really ........................ ; they make me laugh a lot.
2) John has a good sense of ........................... ; he tells amusing jokes.
3) Alice tells ................. jokes; they are not funny at all.
4) Did you see the guy who was doing the Charlie Chaplin........................... ? He was amazing.
5) Moroccan .............................during Ramadan are really silly.
C. Match to make collocations
1. burst into a. talent 1 ……………………………………………..
2. tell b. humour
2………………………………………….…..….
3. make fun c. story
4. a sense of d. a joke 3……………………………………………………
5. a funny e. laughter 4…………………………………………..………..
6. artistic f. of someone 5…………………………………………………….
7. have g. fun 6……………………………………………………
7…………………………………………...………..

D. Write the adjective for each of the following nouns

sadness ______________ boredom _______________

anger _______________ terror ________________ cheerfulness _______________
frustration _______________ optimism ________________ merriment _______________
fear ______________ vivacity ________________ amusement ________________
worry _______________ entertainment ________________ delight __________________
loneliness ______________ satisfaction ________________ pleasure _______________
depression _______________ happiness ________________
E. Choose the appropriate word to fill in the gaps
1. He's very funny. Whenever I meet him, he cracks a joke. He really has a good
………………. of humor.
fun Sense humour
2. Charlie Chaplin was one of the most creative ………………….
laughter to enjoy humorists
3. The show was ……………….. It just caused a lot of …………… in the audience.
Hilarious/ laughter silly/ laughter boring/ laughter
4. ……………… humor is a way of looking at serious events in an amusing way.
red black silly
 5. A piece of writing or play which criticizes people or ideas in a ………………. way is called satire
Cartoon comedy show humorous
F. Fill in the blanks with words from the list:

funny- angry -bored - worried - terrified -laughter- kidding - –depressed

1. He is ______________ because he got 2/20 in a test.
2. When I find nothing to do I feel _____________.
3. He is ____________ about failing in the Exam .
4. When I entered the house, my brother was ____________ in front of watching an horror film.
5. Sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you I was just _____________.
6. It was really a ______________ story. Johha’s stories are special.

Collocations with Make and Do

In English, there are some pairs of words that are confusing. This confusion comes from the fact that they have
similar meanings but different usage. Examples of these are: lay vs lie, make vs do, rob vs steal, etc .

1. Collocations with ‘make’

1- make Often means ‘create’ or ‘produce‘ / To describe a process of change. It is like ‘become’ or ‘cause

I’ve made some coffee /This music really makes me upset. /My mother made me clean my room

11. a difference 4. a mistake

1. make an attempt
12. discovery 5. money
2. an appointment
(arrange) 13. an effort 6. noise
3. arrangement 14. an exception 7. an offer
4. a bed 15. an excuse 8. a plan
5. a (phone) call 16. friends (with 9. a profit
somebody)
6. a charge (for 10. progress
something) 17. a good/bad job of
something 11. a promise
7. a choice
12. a remark
8. a comment 1. a list
13. a sound
9. a contribution 2. a living
14. speech
10. a decision 3. a mess
15. trouble

2. Collocations with ‘do ’

Often used to ‘describe an activity‘ or ‘complete a task‘

• What are we going to do for your birthday? (take part in an activity)

1. Do Your best (try hard). 5. your duty. 3. a job.
2. business (with 6. an exercise. 4. the laundry.
somebody).
7. an experiment. 5. research.
3. the
cleaning/washing/ironing 6. the shopping.
1. your hair/face/nails.
etc. 7. sport.
2. the
4. some damage. housework/homework. 8. your teeth (brush/clean).
2-

A. Study the conversation and answer the questions.

Susan: Hi Alice. Why aren’t you on Facebook?

Alice: Hello, I don’t like it; I’m on Instagram.
Susan: Instagram? I really don’t see what you mean. Can you explain?
Alice: It’s a social network.
Susan: I don’t understand. Can you clarify more?
Alice: Let me clarify. It’s similar to Facebook; you can post pictures, videos and chat with friends.
Susan: Oh! Now I see. Thanks.

Why isn’t Alice on Facebook?

…………………………………………………………………………
Does Susan know what Instagram is? Explain.
………………………………………………………………...
What does Susan ask Alice for?
………………………………………………………………………….
B. Classify these expressions in a table in your copybook:
I’m not sure I got your point. I can’t understand. Can you explain? Would you clarify more?
I really don’t see what you mean. I don’t see what you mean. What do you mean? I beg your pardon?I
don’t quite see what you’re getting at. Do you mean….? Would you elaborate on that? Can you be more
specific? Can you give us an example? I’m not sure I follow you.
C. Complete the following exchanges:

Hamid: You know what? Lina is two-faced and she gossips.

Karima: Sorry, ………………………………………………….
Hamid: I mean she can tell your secrets to others.

Teacher: We use the simple present to talk about our daily routine.
Student …………………….. .................................. by daily routine?
Teacher: I mean the activities that we do every day.

D. Making Requests / Asking for Permission / Offering Helps

1. Study the conversations and underline expression of request, permission offering help
Conversation 1 John and Sandra are a couple on holiday in Conversation 2 Pat and Anne are classmates.
Paris and John goes up to a stranger: Pat: My pen’s run out. Could I borrow one
of yours?
John: ‘Excuse me, sorry to bother you, Anne: ‘Sure. Here you are.’
would you mind taking our picture?’ Pat: ‘Thanks.’
Stranger: ‘No not at all. Where would you like to
stand?’ Conversation3
Sandra: ‘Here’s fine. In front of the Eifel A: Would you like me to help you on your new
Tower.’ project?
Stranger: ‘Great, say cheese.’ B: I would love the help! Would you prefer
helping with the writing part or programming?
A: I would enjoy helping with the writing portion.
 2. Go over the summary of functional expressions

Making request Can I leave early yes, of course / No, you can’t
Is it ok if I leave early?
Can you help me?
Would it be alright if I borrow your pen?
Could you turn off the Radio? I want to concentrate on my
work for a while
Could/ would/ will you turn the radio for me? Offering help
Would you like a biscuit or something?
Asking for permission Have some more coffee.
May I leave early? (formal style) Shall I help you with your bag?
Might I leave early? (excessively formal/ more polite) Let me buy you a drink?
Excuse me, I wonder if I might have a look at your Would you like me to take your shoes off?
newspaper for a moment? (very polite, formal) Do you want me to help you with your homework?
Would you mind my leaving early? I'll drive you back home if you want.
I would like to ask you if I might leave early? (formal)

3. Complete the conversation

A: ………………………….. you mind filing these reports now?
B: yes, sure
A: Thanks. And …………………………. you answer the phone, please?
B: Sorry, but I ________________. My hands are full.

4. Choose and complete these requests. And make any necessary changes.

Buy some cereal. Call back later. Close the window.

File these reports. Shut the door. Turn on the lights.

1. Can you close the window, please? It’s freezing in here.

2. Could ………………………………… I've finished reading them.
3. Would you mind …………………………………. It’s too dark in here.
4. Will ………………………………………….. We don’t have any left.
5. Could …………………………………………… Ms. Bake is on another call just now.
6. Would ……………………………………….. There’s too much noise in the hall.

5. Match each expression with its function:

Expressions Functions

1. Do you mind if I use your laptop to send an email? a. Making a suggestion

2. Can you pass the salt please? b. Asking for clarification
3. I don’t understand c. Making a request
4. Could you clarify that please? d. Lack of understanding
5. Let’s make a weekly planning to avoid wasting time e. Asking for permission
f. Expressing opinion

6. Respond to the following situation:

6. You didn’t hear your teacher’s explanation. (express lack of understanding)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………..
7. Your teacher’s question is not clear enough. (ask for clarification)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. You want the teacher to correct your paper. (make a request)

……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………
 ➢ What are the benefits of humor in your opinion?
➢ Do you believe humor is positive at work?

Using humour at work and school is the new wave of this millennium, believing
it is healthy, profitable and sometimes necessary. If you are too serious and like to
work or study all the time, you may be believing the outdated saying: “ if you’re
having fun, you can’t be working”.
A lot of people believe humour restricts performance at work and school,
logic and experience tell us this is just not the case. People who truly enjoy their work and school can’t wait
to get there and can’t really tell the difference between work and play. This is sometimes confused with
being a “ workaholic”, but the people who are fun loving toward their work are less stressed, do a better
job and are filled with satisfaction. They are witty, energetic, creative and positive.
Using your sense of humour at work and school is the perfect tool to get more pleasure out of your
day. If you use your humour appropriately, in moderation and if you respect the boundaries of your
situation, you will be surprised how quickly it will be embraced and adopted by those around you. In our
fast-paced world, people are always looking for solutions to combat stress and fatigue. They often
underestimate the power of humour and resort to expensive and sometimes harmful remedies. They fail to
realise that humour can produce wonders! To laugh with passion stimulates you mentally, emotionally,
physically and spiritually. You feel light, powerful, joyful and at peace with yourself.
Along with those great feelings, come many other benefits:
Humour reduces stress and boosts morale. It facilitates change. It improves communication .It relieves
boredom. It builds confidence. Always remember to take a break from your work and studies to recharge
with fun, smiles and laughter. Being over-serious ‘makes it more difficult to cope with daily tasks.

A. Are these statements true or false? Justify

1. Humour hinders performance at work.

………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
2. People who love their work succeed.
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
B. Answer these questions according to the text.
1- What emotional gain do people get if they use humour at work.
………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
2- Can you guess from the context what the word ‘ workaholic’ means?
………………………………………………….
3- What are the disadvantages of ‘ over-seriousness’?
…………………………………………………………………………………..………………….
C. Complete the following sentences with information from the text:

1-People who love their work are……………… ………………………………………………….

2-When you laugh heartily, …………………… ………………………………………………….

D. Find in the text words meaning almost the same as:

1-obsolete: ……………. 2-limits: …………….

E. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

1-there: ……………. 2-they: ………………..
 A. Study this dialogue and answer the questions.

John: Hi Alice! Will you come to the concerttonight? C. Choose the right modal verb
Alice: Hi! I’m not sure, but I may come.
1. She is so different from you, Claire. …………….be her sister.
John: Just come; Justin is in the program.
can't may must
Alice: Wow! It must be a great concert. Can I
2. It is the last train to New York today. Hurry up.
bring my dog?
We ……………miss it.
John: Yes, sure and you needn’t bring food
because I’ll bring some with me. mustn't may not should
Alice: Nice, but there is a problem.
3. I'll prepare breakfast myself. You ……………….. get up so
My parentssay I must not go out at night.
John: Let’s go ask them; they can accept. early tomorrow morning.
Alice: Please Dad can I go with my friends to the have to could needn't
concert?
4. I'm sure about it. It ……………. be George Clooney at the
Dad: Hmmm! You know you can’t; you should have
asked me earlier. I might have accepted, but now we are age of twenty.
visiting your grandmother and you have to take care of can’t must mustn’t
the house.
5. The tyres are quite new. We ………………… new tyres for

1. Is Alice sure the concert will be great? our car.

………………………………………………… may don't need should not
2. Does Alice have to take food with her?
………………………………………………… 6. We have plenty of time before the concert starts.

3. What would have happened if Alice had asked We ……………….. hurry.

her father earlier? couldn’t’ t need not could
…………………………………………………
B. What do the following people express? 7. Excuse me, Mrs. Johnson. ………………. I ask you a

A. possibility in the present question about your husband?

B. certainty in the present may not ought to May
C. impossibility in the present
8. I'm on a diet. I …………………….. eat so much for a
John is a serious student. couple of weeks.
1. Teacher: John must succeed because he is one Should mustn't have to
of my best students. (…..)
9. Don't be late for your English exam. You ……………..be at
2. Friends: John can’t fail. He is always top of
school on time.
the class. (…..)
3. Parents: John can/may succeed in the final can’t may must

exam; we are not sure. (…..) 10. I'd like to buy her this black-and-white dress, but
she ………………… like it, I'm afraid.
should can may not

11. …………….you see the colorful bird on our neighbors’ roof?

can must have to
 university regulation.
D. Circle the correct option.
a. I’m not sure where Jane is. She could / must be at
the office. F. Choose the right option
b. Sally has to / doesn’t have to pass all her exams
1I'm sorry but Mr. Banks isn't here. He _______ left.
because she wants to go to university. [Link]'t have
c. You ought to / can check you have all the ingredients
before you start making the cake. [Link] have
d. The letter should / couldn’t arrive tomorrow. It was [Link] have
sent by express delivery. [Link] have
e. You mustn’t / have to book the tickets soon,
otherwise they’ll be sold out! 2We really enjoyed the movie. You _______ come with us.
[Link] have
f. You don’t have to / mustn’t smoke at a petrol
station. You can’t / could cause an explosion. [Link]'t have
g. That painting is obviously a forgery. It mustn’t / [Link] have
can’t be by Van Gogh.
[Link] have
h. That doesn’t have to / can’t be right! The answers
must / can be wrong. 3They _______ bought a new house. They are both
E. Match the sentence beginnings (1-4) with unemployed.
[Link]'t have
the endings (a-d).
1 You have to watch [Link] not have
2 You must watch [Link]'t have
3 You mustn’t watch [Link] have
4 You don’t have to watch
4He studied nothing and passed the exam, so he ________
a that programme if you don’t want to.
cheated.
b that programme – you’ll love it! [Link] have
c too much TV. It’s bad for you.
[Link] have
d a lot of TV if you want to become a TV critic.
[Link] to have
[Link] have
1 You have to buy 5My car isn't there any more! It _______ stolen while I was
2 You must buy shopping.
3 You mustn’t buy [Link]'t have been
4 You don’t have to buy [Link] have been
a any more books or you’ll spend all your money.
[Link]'t have been
b the new book by Dan Brown. It’s incredible.
c the books – you can get them from the library. [Link] have been
d all the books before the course starts. It’s a

G. Rewrite these sentences in your notebook using an appropriate modal verb.

1 Last year, I didn’t know how to use Power Point. _____________________________________
2 Is it necessary for me to have a passport? ______________________________________
3 I suggest that you try the shop around the corner. ______________________________________
4 It’s my personal obligation to speak to her. ______________________________________
5 Would you mind helping me with these bags? ______________________________________
6 You’re not allowed to eat in class! _____________________________________
 A. Read this funny story and answer the following questions:

Sample1 Sample 2
Last Monday, I woke up early because I had to Every one of us can have a funny experience from
time to time. Personally, I had one when I was a primary
go to work. I took a shower and got dressed. Then, I had
school student.
my breakfast. After that, I packed and got ready to drive
to work. When I wanted to start the car, I could not find It was the day of “Aid El Fitr”. I got up early, took a
shower, had breakfast and put on my new clothes: a blue suit,
my car keys. I was so angry because I didn’t want to
a white shirt; a red bowtie and black shoes. Then, I went to
arrive late. I looked for it everywhere, but in vain. After my grandparents for a visit.
I lost hope, I asked my wife. To my surprise, my wife
You can’t imagine how proud I was of my clothes
was laughing at me. ‘Why are you laughing?’ I asked.
while walking in the street. All people were looking at me
‘Look, the keys are in your hands’, she said. It was with appreciation. Unfortunately, my feelings of pride didn’t
really funny. Finally, I took my way. last long because I slipped on a banana skin, fell in a muddy
1) What did he loose? puddle and got dirty from head to toes. I was embarrassed
2) Where did he find the keys? because all people around me were laughing at me, some
were giggling, others were cackling. I immediately stood up
B. Write the main elements of the story and took my heels back to my house to get my clothes
changed.
in your notebook.
That was the funniest experience I have ever had.
Whenever, I recall it, I burst out laughing.

C. Think of a funny story/ experience and fill in this chart with details about it:

Time & place …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Participants ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Events ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………...................................................................................................................................
What makes of it a funny ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
experience ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

End & your feelings ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

D. Use the details in the chart and write your funny story:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
 A. Study the spider gram and match the words with their right definitions.

Words Definitions
a. Formal 1. It prepares learners for careers or professions related to a specific trade, occupationor
education vocation.
b. Non-formal 2. Learning that occurs outside school-like setting. It occurs in the context of daily-life.
education Knowledge is acquired from daily experience.
c. Informal 3. It’s an education that targets very intelligent and talented students.
education
d. Vocational 4. It targets the marginalized groups and tries to provide learning for them.
education
e. Gifted education 5. Learning or teaching that takes place in school-like setting. Provides basiceducation for
those not attending school.
f. Inclusive 6. The structured educational system provided by the government for students fromprimary
education school to university.

B. Fill in the blanks with the right words from the list:
“system, literacy, illiteracy, subject, graduates, private schools, formal, discrimination, rural areas, skills.”
1. One of the aims of the association is to fight .................................................. and help people read and write.
2. Students in ............................................. face many difficulties on the way to school.
3. The volunteers help the illiterate locals by offering .................................................................... classes.
4. The educational… .................................................. of Finland is one of the best.
5. education targets illiterate and adult students.
6. My favorite school ..................................... is English.
7. Fatima learnt the reading and writing ........................................................... at the age of forty.
8. University ............................................... are unable to find jobs and thus leave the country.
9. Female and male students should be treated equally; there should be no ……………….
10. People believe that .......................................... are better than public ones.
C. Match the word to make collocations:
1. Boarding
2. Literacy a. Solving
3. Multimedia b. Room
4. Critical c. Of school
5. School d. Classes
6. Note e. School
7. Drop out f. Learning
8. Active g. Thinking
9. Problem h. Taking
i. uniform
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate collocation in C
1. Before he joined……………………………………. , my grandfather could not read or write.
2. As his family used to live in countryside, Yousra had to go to a …………………………….
3. Logical thinking that draws conclusions from facts is called ………………………..
4. In some school, the ………………………………. is a necessity. You cannot enter without it.
5. ………………….. is a serious phenomenon that affects society t both short and long term .
C. Write the nouns for these words:
educate conscious
illiterate attend
graduate sensitize
aware assist
 A. Study this dialogue and answer the questions.

Susan: Hi Alice. Do you like school?

Alice: Hello, of course I do.

Susan: so you attend every single class.

Alice: Yeah! It’s not easy, but I must work hard in order to get good grades.

Susan: What good will these grades do to you?

Alice: I must get excellent grade so as to apply for prestigious

schools.

Susan: Hmm I see. For me, I focus on art because I want to be a

singer.

Alice: Good luck my friend.

Why does Alice work hard? …………………………………………………………………………
What is Alice’s purpose? . ………………………………………………………………………...
B. Find expressions of purpose in the dialogue and think of others.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

C. Study the sentence. What do you understand?

Merriam saves money. She wants to buy an iPhone 14 Pro Max
a. Merriam saves money in order to buy an iPhone 14 Pro Max.
b. In order to buy an iPhone 14 Pro Max, Merriam saves money.
c. Merriam saves money so as to buy an iPhone 14 Pro Max.
d. Merriam saves money to buy an iPhone 14 Pro Max.
e. Merriam saves money so that she (can/ may/ will/ would) buy an iPhone 14 Pro Max.
f. Merriam saves money for buying an iPhone 14 Pro Max.

D. Re-write the sentences using the expressions in brackets:

1) Students work very hard; they want to pass the exams. (in order to)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) Sarah will stay up late; she wants to do her homework. (so as to)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3) The government built many schools; their goal is to enroll more students. (for the sake of)
……………………………………………………………………………………………..……….
4) Alice goes to literacy classes; she wants to learn to read and write. (so that /could)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….
5) The doctor asked the patient many questions. He wants to diagnose the sickness. ( to)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
6) The woman joined literacy classes. She wants to learn how to read and write. (for/ so that)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
 ➢ Which category suffers the most from illiteracy, men or women?
➢ How do you explain it?

Rachida was born in a rural Moroccan village, Ain Jdid, in 1973. She is married and has four [Link]
husband is a seasonal agriculture worker who earns about 700 Dhs per month if he works.

When an aid organization offered literacy classes in her village, Rachida immediately recognized thatan
excellent opportunity was suddenly offered to her. The class signaled a new beginning for Rachida- ifshe
took classes, she would be able to read and write, add and subtract, and acquire skills that were always
reserved for others. When she first learnt how to write her name on a slate, and then on paper,she was
overjoyed. Although Rachida and her classmates were laughed at by some villagers as they walked to school
each day, they ignored them and were proud of their accomplishment.

The course went a step beyond providing basic literacy training to the women of Ain Jdid. Thosewho
performed best on the final exam were also offered support in setting up a business- a farm animal
cooperative. Armed with their newly acquired numeracy and literacy skills, and with technical assistance
from the organization, they started a successful business. Their example gave rural women a new image- that
of independent female entrepreneurs who could manage their own businesses. They were no longer field
workers.

Rachida now buys and sells farm animals through the cooperative and earns enough income to support her
family. More importantly, she can share the joy of learning with her school-aged children and help them with
their homework. She is confident about the future. She says her new skills have given her more than just an
income. “Through this program, women have paved the way to a new life, “she said.

As a proof to the program’s success, now even some of the men in the village who had
criticized Rachida and her classmates want to attend literacy classes.

A-Are these statements true or false? Justify

1. Rachida is originally from a big city.

………………………………………………… …………………………………………………
2. Some villagers made fun of women going to literacy classes.
………………………………………………… …………………………………………………

B- Answer these questions according to the text.

1. What opportunities did literacy classes offer to Rachida?

………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….
2. Which group of women benefited from technical assistance? ………………………….
………………………………………………….
3. How do Rachida’s children benefit from her literacy?
………………………………………………….
C- Complete the following sentences with information from the text:

1. When an aid organization offered literacy classes, Rachida knew…………………………

………………………………………………….
2. Support in setting up a business was offered to…………………… ……………………….
D- Find in the text words meaning almost the same as:
1. periodical (parag.1) …………………….
2. very happy (parag.2) …………………….
3. money (parag.4) …………………….
E- What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
1. They: ………………………
2. Them: ……………………..

A. Study the following situation:

Yesterday, John had a party. He invited all his friends,

including Paul and Sarah. They had a good time, dancing,
singing, eating and taking pictures. The day after, Sarah
asked Paul why he hadn’t been at the party. To her surprise,
he told her it was she who hadn’t been there.
B. Answer these questions:

1. When did the party take place? …………………………………………..…………………………………………………………

2. What time did Sarah arrive? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. What time did Paul arrive? ………………………………………..………………………………………………….………

4. How come they didn’t see each other? …………….……………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

C. Are these sentences right or wrong? Justify and correct the mistake
1. Hamid had finish his exercise. ………………………………………………….…………………………..
 2. When he arrived, the class had already begun. …….……………………………..……………………
3. After she graduated, she found a job. ……………………………………………..……………..
4. Ronaldo played for Madrid before he joined Juventus. ………….……………………………..
5. She not had done her homework before she went to school. ……………..……………………..
…………………………………………………..
6. You had met him before you got married? …………………………………………………………

D. Circle the right answer.

1. Tom (has finished/ had finished) his exam by the time I arrived.
2. They got back home after they (had visited/visiting) their family.
3. After we (had got/get) in the classroom, the teacher started the lesson.
4. By the time I arrived, they (already started/ had already started) eating.
5. (Had she been/ had she was) there when I arrived?

E. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.

1) Hassan the 2nd .......................................... ( die) in 1999.

2) After Sami ................................ (spend) some days in England, he wanted to learn English.
3) My mother went to bed after she ........................................ (do) a lot of housework.
4) My father ………………………(make) us some couscous before we went to school.
5)(she/revise) the lessons before she sat for the exam?
6) My mother ...................................... (sleep) early last night.
7) When she arrived, the bus… ..................................... (already/leave) the station.
8) The players felt very tired after they .................................. (make) a lot of efforts in the training.
9) Why didn’t you tell me that you ..................................... (divorce) your husband?
10) She ......................................... (not/learn) French before she traveled to France.

A. Study the following report and answer the the event. There were many activities, like
questions. workshops and mini-lectures. The participants
demonstrated the risks of using cell phones. First,
The youth center in Settat was a destination students could waste valuable time, doing
for hundreds of people last week. The occasion unnecessary things. Second, cell phones could be
was a seminar about education and a real distraction in classrooms. In addition,
communication. It was organized by The teenagers might lose social skills in real life.
Moroccan Association of Teachers of English. Therefore, the participants concluded the seminar
The seminar revolved around the dangers of cell with some recommendations: Parents should help
phones on young learners. The participants their children use cell phones wisely and teachers
included teachers of English, parents’ could sensitize students about the dangers of
associations and political officials. A lotof people overusing cell phones. Finally, all the
attended and were very excited about
people attending the event agreed that it was …………………………………..
fruitful and successful. 4. Who participated in the event?
………………………………….
1. When and where was the event organized? 5. What were the main points discussed?
…………………………………… ………………………………….
2. Who organized the event? 6. What were the reactions towards the event?
…………………………………… ………………………………..
3. What was the topic?

B. Use the information in the following table to write a report:

Organizers Municipality
Topic Illiteracy among women
Date Last Saturday
Place Errazi High School
Participants Educators, political officials, educators
Attendance 100 people approximately
Activities Lectures, talks
Main ideas Some causes of illiteracy:
▪ Schools are far from homes.
▪ Gender stereotypes
▪ Most families can’t afford to school their kids.
Solutions suggested:
• Literacy classes
• Build more schools
• Sensitize parents about the importance of female education.
Evaluation Successful, fruitful.
 h- birth 8- growth
A. Put the following phrases /words under the i- global 9- conflicts
right heading.
j- green 10- species
k- endangered 11- areas
Health care Raw materials
Climate change Water pollution
Micro enterprises Recycling C. Fill in the blanks with the right words or
Forest preservation Ecological crisis collocations.
Poverty elimination Investment 1) Rural women need to have...................... to
Property rights Mini-projects start their own businesses.
Equality 2) One way to keep the environment clean is to
use ……………………..
Social Environment Economic
3) Our country suffers from ................................ ;
Issues Issues Issues
there is little rain this year.
4) Because of ............................... the
B. Make Appropriate Collocations: temperature of the planet is rising.
a- Urban 1- Resources 5) Nowadays, many illiterate women benefit
from …………………………
b- water 2- shortage
6) If our consumption of ……………….
c- armed 3- areas continues like this, there will be nothing left
d- micro 4- warming for the future generations.
e- natural 5- rate 7) Many .......................... women
became… .................... after they had
f- economic 6- support
benefited from literacy classes.
g- financial 7- credits 8) We need more ............................ in our cities
to create more oxygen and have fresh air

A. Study this text and answer the questions.

The Under-Developed World: Cause? Effect?

Why third world countries are still under-developed? Many people ask this question and wonder about
the reasons. In these countries, young people take drugs because they find no support. They have no good
education. As a result, they use drugs. They think they will forget about their problems. Some think that
poverty is not the only cause. People smoke because they are weak. Their choice is due to lack of strength
and confidence. Another reason of underdevelopment is the disrespect for women. In these countries, few
women go to school. Therefore, women become illiterate and ignorant. This leads to less participation in
social and economic development of these countries. In fact, there are many other reasons that hinder
progress in the third world, but here we content ourselves with the issue of youth and women.
 Why do young people take drugs? …………………………………………………………
What is the cause behind people smoking? …………………………………….............................
Complete the following sentences:
• Women don’t go to school. As a result, ………………………………………………….
• Women become illiterate. Consequently, …………………………………………………..
B. Find expressions of cause and effect and add others. Write examples

C. Rewrite these sentences using expressions of cause and effect.

1) Some Students don’t prepare well; they get low marks.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) Some drivers don’t respect the driving code. They make accidents.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3) Companies are producing more cars. There is more air pollution.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) Many rural girls don’t go to school. The number of illiterate women in the countryside rises.
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) Young people are addicted to cell phones. They neglect their studies.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

➢ What is a sustainable project?

➢ Can you share examples of sustainable ideas or projects?
➢ Give examples of sustainable projects that empower people.

Women are central to progress in each area in Morocco. Women Cooperatives are businesses or
organizations that are owned and run jointly by women who share their benefits. Tifaouine Ameln is
an Argan cooperative of rural Moroccan women which specializes in making Argan oil. These thirty six
women come from various villages in the Ameln Valley in the north of Tafraoute. They show solidarity
when they harvest the nuts from the Argan tree during the month of August, and then turn it into Argan
oil.

In developing countries, women work an average of 60 to 90 hours a week. Much of this work is
unpaid and done at home: Cleaning, cooking, childcare, and agricultural labour; and young girls account
for two-thirds of the 130 million children absent from schools worldwide. Thus, Argan is extremely
important, both culturally and socially in Ameln Valley. It is the main source of income for women in that
region. Indeed, women are paid 40% less than men for such comparable work; Yet, women in the Tifaouin
Ameln Cooperative solve their financial problems by asking for micro-credit loans so that theycan start
their businesses.
 Cooperatives are established in order to reduce feminized poverty, educate women and eventually help
empower them. Despite the fact that Amazighs use Argan oil on a daily basis in cooking or for dipping with
bread, it has become a luxurious product in Europe.

The biggest challenge of women in the Ameln Cooperative is to secure a stable wage and constant
local and International market. Tourists continue to come to the region specifically to buy Argan.
Nonetheless, in order to be sustainable and have a positive impact on reducing feminized poverty and
creating fair wages, The Tifaouine Ameln Cooperative has to diversify its market.

A. Suggest a title to the text: ………………………………………..……………

B. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.

1. Tifaouine Ameln’s specialty is olvie oil.

……………………………………………………..
2. There are 150 women in Tifaouine Ameln Cooperative. ……………………………………….
………………………………………………………
3. Tifaouine Amlen seeks the elimination of poverty among women. ……………………………………
………………………………………………………

C. Answer these questions from the text.

1. How do the women solve their financial problems?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….……
2. What role does the cooperative play in women’s life?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Pick out examples of social underdevelopment from the text.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
D. Complete the following sentences with information from the text.

1-Tifaouine Ameln’s specialty………………… ………………………………………………..

2-Because of gender discrimination in this region, women …………………… ……………
E. Find in the text words meaning almost the same as.

1. development (parag.1) ………………….…

2. work (parag.2) …………………….
3. minimize (parag.3) …………………….

F. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

1. Their: ………………………
2. That region: ……………………..
 3. What are the positive things that will have
happened by 2050?
………………………………………..…………………………………

C. Are these sentences right or wrong?

Justify/correct the wrong ones.
1. By 2025, I will became a teacher.
………………………………………………….
2. The government will have build new schools by
next year.
…….……………………………..………
3. The citizens promised that they will cleaned the
city next week.
…………………………………………
A. Study the following dialogue. 4. Will you had written the article by next month?
………….……………………………..
Student: What will happen in the future? 5. Scientist will have discover new planets by 2050.
Scientist: I think the future will be very complicated. ……………..……………………..
6. She have graduated by 2030?
Things will not change tomorrow or next month, but
…………………………………………
in a few decades, many things will happen.
Student: Alright, what will have happened by D. Reorder the following words.
2050?
1- the city/all my/classmates/By 2025/will have/left/
Scientist: By 2050, our cities will have become …………………………….………………………………
larger. Most of the ice in the poles will have melted.
2- will/by next summer?/have/my exams/passed/I
CO2 will have increased. Means of communication ………………………….…………………………………
will have become more effective and cheap.
3- will/My mother/have/given birth / in 2 months
Travelling will have become easier and faster more time./to a new child
than it is now. ……………………………………………………………

Student: Wow! The future seems complicated 4- you/ will/ have/ the article /completed/ by next
indeed. week?
……………………………………………………………

5- not have/ Tom /will / finished/ by next month. /his

B. Answer these questions.
work
1. What are the student and scientist talking …………………………………………..………………

about? 6- will/ By next year,/ have /Sophia/ from

…………………………………………..……………………………… university./graduated
…………..………………………………………………
2. What are the negative things that will have
happened by 2050? 7- they/ Will/ travelled/ have /by next summer? to
London
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….…

E. Circle the most accurate answer.

 1- By next year, the government ……………………
(build) more schools.
1. The artist (will have finished/ will finish) the
2- The situation of women in Morocco …….……...
painting by next week. ……………….(change) by 2040.
2. They (will come/will have come) tomorrow if they 3- Tom ........................................... (not/complete) his
have time. work in two weeks time.
4- The Smiths ............................... (gain) much money
3. By the end of this decade, many cities (will link/ by next month.
will have been linked) by highway. 5- By the end of June, Paul ………………………
4. (Will he have written/will he write) the book by (finish) high school studies.
6- By this time tomorrow, Sarah ………………
next summer?
…………………….(eat) all the chocolate.
5. By 2040, pollution (will have increased/will not 7- My father is working on a new project. He ……
increase). …………………..(complete) it by next month.
8- Edward… ................................. (go) to Spain next
summer.

G. Write a few lines in your copybook

about your life by 2050, using the future
perfect tense.
F. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct
tense.

A. Study this communiqué and answer the questions.

Ministry of Interior
Municipality of …
September 10th
Communiqué

Do you have ideas and projects that would benefit your local community and you need financial
support? Women in your neighborhood are poor and illiterate and you think it’s unfair? Your
neighborhood is polluted and you feel bad about that? This is your chance to help those women or make
your neighborhood cleaner. The local municipality is funding sustainable projects related to women
empowerment and environment preservation.
To benefit from this offer, you need to apply for it by depositing a description of your project at the
municipality hall.
a- What is the local municipality offering?
 b- What should the projects focus on to get grants?
c- What is the first procedure to be done to benefit from the offer?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Fill in this chart with your project specifications.
What is your project area? ………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………….
What are your objectives?
……………………………………………………………………….
What are the activities? ……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….
What does it require?
……………………………………………………………………….
How much money does it need? ……………………………………………………………………….

C. Use the chart you just filled in and write an application letter to your local municipality asking
for support to start your project. Follow this framework. (copybook)

Ministry of Interior (Your Address)

Municipality of Settat
The President of the Municipality (Date)

Dear Mr. President,

In reply to your communiqué issued on September 10th, I would like to apply for……………….

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

My project targets ........................................................................................................It has three main

objectives. First, …………………… ……………………………………………………….…….
Second, ................................................................................................................................... In addition,
…………. …………………………………………………………………………………….. We will be
doing many activities, like……………………. ………………………………………………………….
The project’s requirements are …………………………………………………………………..The …..
budget that we need can be estimated at……………………………………………….

I hope you take my application into consideration and looking forward to hearing from you.

For more details, we are enclosing a detailed description of our project.

Yours Sincerely
………………..
 A. Make appropriate collocations. 3)are people who defend
women’s rights.
A Answer B
4) An example of negative ........................... is
1-family 1: …… a-society
2: ……
that women’s place is at home.
2-high b-rights
3- gender 3: …… c-pay 5) The fight for ........................... between men
4- patriarchal 4: …… d-a say and women is long and tough.
5-equal 5: …… e-code 6) Many Moroccan activists call for the ………
6-fight for 6: …… f-discrimination
7-enjoy 7: …… g-status
…………of article number 475.
8-have 8: …… h-equality 7) Domestic ............................. is one of the
problems that women suffer from.
8) Girls in The Atlas Mountains marry at an
……. …………….
B. Fill in the blanks with the right words from
9) Women today .......................... more rights
the list: “early age, violence, illiteracy, equality,
than they used to in the past.
stereotypes, abolition, sexism, enjoy, polygamy,
10)among rural women is
feminists.”
higher.

1) The act of having more than one wife is

called………………...
2)is a discriminatory behavior
towards members of the opposite sex.

A. Study this text and answer the questions.

Women Today

Women’s situation has changed greatly in Morocco. Nowadays, they have the right to education.
They also have the right to vote. Moreover, women today have better jobs and a higher status in society.
Along with gaining these rights, women now have their say in different matters. They are more responsible.
They don’t only vote, but they also take part in elections as candidates.

Moroccan working women are able to manage their households in spite of spending too much time
at work. Although they are more successful now, they are still regarded as inferior by some people. So,
it’s true that the situation has changed. However, there are still some negative stereotypes to be fought.

Underline expressions of addition.

Circle expressions of concession.
 Complete the following sentences as suggested:
• Women have the right to education along with …………………………………………….
• Women are still regarded as inferior despite ……………………………………………….
B. Find expressions of addition and concession and add others. Write examples.

C. Rewrite these sentences using the suggested expressions of addition and concession.

1) Alice has family problems; she gets good marks. (Although)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
2) Jack goes to work every morning. He drives his kids to school. (Moreover)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3) John suffers from a handicap. He does well at school. (In spite of)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4) Working women make great efforts at work and in their own homes. (as well as)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5) Female students have outperformed males. Negative stereotypes still hinder their progress. (however)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6) Susan goes to school in the day. She works at night to earn some money. (along with)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Will Amina’s suicide affect women’s rights in Morocco?

The case of Amina El Filali created huge controversy in Morocco after the teenager forced to marry
her rapist committed suicide. Following the scandal, the Islamist government announced a possible
revision of the rape law. However, recent declarations show that officials may have changed their mind
as Raïssa Ioussouf reports.
Married and living in the house of the man who raped her, Amina El Filali, 16, drank rat poison after
being severely beaten by her husband. The young girl from Larache in North Morocco died on the 10th of
March, two days after the celebration of women’s day.
Amina’s story sparked an important mobilization from feminists groups campaigning for the abolition
of article 475. That provision of the penal code states that an attacker of a minor can escape prosecution if
he marries his victim. Mustafa Fallaq, Amina’s rapist, only agreed to the marriage to avoid being sentenced
for his crime.
 Women’s rights groups have denounced the practice that allows a victim to marry her attacker to
preserve the honour of the woman’s family. In Morocco, it’s still unacceptable to lose your virginity outside
marriage whatever the reason. Therefore, families are often advised to take that option by court officials.

Filali’s father declared to AFP during a sit-in in Larache “I didn’t want to go see the judge to marry
them. But my wife forced me. She told me it was necessary so that people would stop making fun of us,
and silence the shame.”

A-Are these sentences true or false? Justify

1- The government will certainly change the rape law. ................................................................................

……………………………………………………………
2- Amina’s father didn’t approve of the marriage. ............................................................................................
……………………………………………………………

B-Answer the following questions.

1- What has Amina’s death triggered?
...........................................................................................................................................................................................
2- Why did Amina drink rat poison?
............................................................................................................................................................................................
C- What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
1- Her: .............................. 2- their: ..............................

D-Find in the text words meaning almost the same as:

1- problem (p.1): ..............................................

2- abused (p.2): ...............................................

E-Complete the following sentences with information from the text.

1- When Amina was obliged to marry her rapist, she……………………………………………..………..

…………………………………………………….……
2- Feminists denounce the practice that a rapist can escape punishment…………………….………
…………………………………………………………..

A: Right. Who invented the light Bulb?

B: It was Thomas Edison who invented it.
A: Correct. Who will organize the next world
A. Study this quiz and do the task.
cup?
A: Who discovered America? B: USA and Mexico.
B: Christophe Columbus. A: Who wrote Great Expectations?
B: Charles Dickens? • We should give • More chances should be
women more chances. given to women.
A: Well done! • They believe Alice is • Alice is believed to be
B. Complete the following sentences. intelligent. intelligent.
• They gave her the • She was given the
1. America …………..………………..…….……….. opportunity. opportunity.

2. The light bulb …………..…………………………

3. The next world cup…………………………...…… F. Complete the following sentences as
4. Great Expectations…………………………….….. suggested.
C. How do we make the passive voice?
1- Germany makes many cars.
Many
‘My father prepares couscous.’ cars…………………………………………
D. The passive voice with modals. 2- The mechanic is repairing the car.
The car
‘People must respect animals.’ ……………………………………………
3- William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
E. Study the following table. Hamlet………………………………………
4- She was taking care of the pet.
Active Passive The pet………………………………………
• Lionel Messi scores • Many goals are scored 5- They have found a solution to the problem.
many goals. by Lionel Messi. A solution……………………………………
• Women gained the • The right to education 6- We need more efforts to help women.
right to education. was gained by women. More efforts………………………………….
• The government is • Schools are being built
7- We must prepare well for the exam.
building schools. by the government.
• Sarah was explaining • The lesson was being The exam………………………………...…..
the lesson. explained by Sarah. 8- They believe young people are ambitious.
• They have caught the • The criminal has been Young people ………………………………
criminal. caught. 9- They built these schools in 2002.
• They had made a lot • A lot of efforts had been
of efforts. made. These schools……………………………….
• Women will occupy • Higher positions will be 10- We will give the needy some help.
higher positions. occupied by women. The needy…………………………………..
A. Study this book review and fill in the chart.
Title of the book ………………………….
The Second Sex

The Second Sex is written by the French ………………………………..

existentialist Simone de Beauvoir. It was ………………………………..
Author’s name …………………………….….
published in 1949. It is one of the mostinfluential and nationality ………………………………...
works in feminist history.
…………………………………
The book describes the oppression of women Summary of the …………………………………
and how they are conditioned by patriarchy to book …………………………………
accept social roles. The catch phrase ‘a woman is …………………………………
…………………………………
not born a woman, but rather becomes one’
…………………………………
summarizes most of the points discussed in the
book. Man has the role of the self or the subject, ………………………………..
whereas woman is the object, the other. A Evaluation ………………………………..
………………………………..
woman’s place, in this ideology, is the house,
taking care of children and obeying the rules of
her husband or male guardians. De Beauvoir tries
to hammer down this gender discrimination and
attack the mechanisms in which patriarchy works.
B. Pick a book, a novel or a play that you have
All in all, I think the Second Sex is the best read and fill in the chart with information
philosophical book that I have ever read. I love it about it as in the sample above. Then write a
because it has paved the way for enlightening review.
generations of thinkers to give more attention to
women’s oppression throughout history.
A. Match the words with their definitions.

1- tolerance 1: …….. a. Treat different people and their views equally and fairly
2- altruism 2: …….. b. Getting integrated into a community or nation.
3- coexistence 3: ……. c. Respect of the ideas and existence of others.
4- cooperation 4: ……. d. The act of favoring one race over another.
5- equity 5: ……. e. Judging people beforehand without justification.
6- stereotype 6: …….. f. Living together in harmony.
7- assimilation 7: …… g. The fact of loving only yourself.
8- prejudice 8: …….. h. Generalized view or image about a particular group.
9- racism 9: …….. i. Working together towards the same goal.
10- selfishness 10: ……… j. Giving what you like and need to others.

B. Make appropriate collocations.

A B Answer Meaning
1- moral a- citizenship 1: ……… 1: ……………………………………………………………..
2- culture b- obligations 2: ……… 2: ……………………………………………………………..
3- global c- manners 3: ……… 3: ……………………………………………………………..
4- common d- pot 4: ……… 4: ……………………………………………………………..
5- cultural e- shock 5: ……… 5: ……………………………………………………………..
6- melting f- good 6: ……… 6: ……………………………………………………………..
7- table g- diversity 7: ……… 7: ……………………………………………………………..

C. Fill in the blanks with the right words or collocations.

“Common good, racist, culture shock, stereotypes, prejudge, co-exist, altruism, generous”
1- Edward is a ........................ person. He likes to help the needy by giving food and clothes.
2- Black footballers receive ... ................. chants from ignorant fans in Italy.
3- Jack experienced................................. when he first visited India. He couldn’t assimilate.
4- If you ..................................... people you will have no time to love them.
5- Sacrificing what you need for the sake of the poor is an act of …………………………….
6- Despite our differences, we should learn to ............................ and live together in peace.
7- One of the negative ................................... about women is that they should stay at home.
8- An active citizen works for the.................................... of his or her country.

A. Study this definition and underline the expressions we use to define.

Culture shock can be defined as the discomfort one feels when he travels to a new country. It is the
feeling you have when you find traditions different from yours back in the home country. Culture shock
refers to the surprise and shock that new immigrants feel when they encounter ‘strange’ practices in the
host country.

B. Match these words with their definitions.

1- Xenophobia 1: … a- Means common ways of doing things. Traditions within a community.
2- Nostalgia 2: … b- Can be defined as longing for something in the past.
3- Diversity 3: … c- Refers to fear of people from other countries.
4- Selflessness 4: … d- Stands for the quality of being diverse.
5- Values 5: … e- Are deeds and behaviors that are considered important and desirable.
6- Customs 6: … f- Describes the trait of being willing to give your money or time.

C. Find expressions of defining and write examples.

…………………………………………………
2) What’s wrong with the waiter?
…………………………………………………
3) What does the customer say to complain?
…………………………………………………
4) What does the waiter say to apologize?
…………………………………………….

B. Categorize these expressions in your

A. Study the dialogue and answer the copybook and add others.
questions.
It’s Ok. Sorry to say it, but………
Waiter: Hello sir! What would you like to eat? don’t worry about it. I have a complaint.
Customer: Hi! Sorry to say this, but this restaurant I do apologize. Never mind!
is dirty. Excuse me but there is a problem about…
Sorry about that. It is not important.
Waiter: Dirty? How could you say that? It’s the I’m not satisfied with… I want to complain
cleanest in the city! about...
Customer: Don’t get me wrong, but there are many
flies around you!

Waiter: Oh! I’m terribly sorry! I didn’t know! I’m C. Your Turn: Choose a situation and work
going to clean up and get you another one.
with a partner to write a dialogue and act it
out.
Customer: It’s okay. Thanks.

1) Is the customer satisfied? Explain

 ➢ Have you ever travelled to another country?
➢ How would people feel when they are away from home?
➢ What are the problems you might face in a new country?
➢ What can you do to integrate yourself into the host culture?

she lived. Her husband didn’t see the point in

this at first, but she explained how lonely she felt,
A. Study this text and answer the questions.
and how frustrating it was to try to do anything
Kitya had also been waiting a long time for her independently. She also felt that she couldn’t
departure to Canada. She was going to join her understand her new country if she couldn’t speak
husband in Montréal. While she waited for her the language. She therefore attended COFI classes
visa, she attended a pre-departure orientation where she met new people, including women
session. There she learned many things about from her native country. She also met a young
Canada and came to the realization that although woman who had attended the same pre-departure
Canada was a good country, it wasn’t paradise orientation session that she had attended.
and that she would have many challenges ahead
She gradually learned more French and
of her. Before leaving, she was happy but also sad.
understood more and more of the culture. She
She knew that she was leaving many good things
became aware of centers and services offered in
behind in her native country: her family, her
her community. She learned that there were art
friends, living in her culture and all that she was
classes being offered in the same centre where she
so familiar with. She arrived at Dorval airport in
was taking her French class. She registered in a
Montréal and her husband was there to meet her.
class offered twice a week. In her native country,
She then went to her new home: a simple but nice
she had loved drawing and she felt that this was
apartment near downtown.
the perfect opportunity to continue her hobby.
Her husband told her that she didn’t need to
Though she sometimes terribly missed her
worry about anything and that he would take care
home, family and friends and was at times
of things. She only had to take care ofthings
frustrated by all of the new things she had to adapt
at home. She did as he suggested but she gradually
to, she was beginning to feel happier. She could
started feeling bored and lonely. The loneliness
see a future for herself in Canada. She could see
was unbearable. Unlike in her native country,
that she would eventually feel at home in Canada,
people didn’t just drop in to say hello and have
like every other Canadian.
some tea. In fact, very few people in her building
greeted each other, and the streets were mostly A. Suggest a title to the text.
always deserted. Language was a problem too as ……………………………………..
she only spoke a few words of French. B. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.
She decided to get to know new people by 1) Kitya was going to travel with her husband.
attending a COFI course (a language and cultural ………………………………………………………
orientation course for newcomers to the province ………………
of Québec) at the community centre near where

Mr. Rachid Zahir Errazi High

School 28
 2) Before going, Kitya knew that Canada was 3) Why did Kitya decide to get to know about
beautiful. other people?
……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………
……
3) When Kitya arrived, she faced no difficulties. D. What do the underlined words in the text
……………………………………………………… refer to?
……………
1) She: …………… 2) It: ………………….
4) The neighbors of Kitya came to her house and
3) He: …………..
socialized with her.
………………………………………………………
E. Find in the text words which mean almost
……………………………………
the same as.
C. Answer the following questions. 1) travel (p1): ………………………..
1) Why did Kitya feel bored? 2) Indigenous (p2): …………….…………
……………………………………………………… 3) left empty (p2): ………..………………
…………………………….. 4) annoying (p3): ……………………….
2) Why was Kitya sad before leaving?
………………………………………………………
……………………

A. Study this exchange and underline the phrasal verbs, then guess their meanings.

Ali: Hello! You look sick!

Tom: Yeah! The doctor told me to give up smoking.
Ali: Yes my friend. You must quit. You know it brings about many health problems.
Tom: I know. I will take up some sport to help me give up.
Ali: That’s a good idea. Just try it out.

Phrasal verbs What does it mean?

…………………. ……………………….………………………………..
………………… …………………….…………………………………..
………………… ……………………..…………………………………..
…………………. …………………………………………………………

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 B. Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs from the list:

Put on - put up with - handed out - hand in - fill in - put off – longing for - look for

1. The teacher distributed the exam papers.

2. You should wear your jacket; it’s cold here.
3. We should tolerate their ideas no matter how different they are.
4. You need to supply these blanks with information
5. Students asked the teacher to postpone the exam.
6. The teacher told the students to submit their homework.
7. I hate winter; I’m waiting for spring with excitement.
8. She lost the keys and told me to help her search for them.

C. Match the phrasal verbs with their meanings.

1. Pass away a. examine/analyze

2. Give up b. look like/resemble
3. Log in c. not accept
4. Bring about d. change into/become
5. Find out e. learn easily/ collect
6. Pickup f. to know/discover
7. Turn into g. cause to happen
8. Turn down h. Enter a computer or account.
9. Take after i. Stop a bad habit/ quit.
10. Look into j. To die.

D. Fill in the blanks with the right phrasal verbs.

1. Could you -----------------the music? It’s too loud. Turn on - turn down - turn round
2. The teacher ---------------- the exam papers. Handed in - passed to - handed out
3. You should ---------------- your jacket; it’s cold here. Take off – put on – put out
4. You need to ---------------- these blanks with information fill in – put up - write down
5. Students asked the teacher to ------------------ the exam till the next session. Put off - call up – give up
6. She lost the keys and told me to help her ------------------ them. Find out – look for – look out
7. You need a diploma if you want to ---------------- a job. Fill in – look up – apply for
8. Could you --------------- the TV? I want to watch an online lesson. Turn off – turn on – turn down
9. ---------------- the radio. I want to sleep. Turn on – turn in – turn off
10. I didn’t sleep at a hotel; my friend -------- me ----- -. Put down – put up – take down
11. The brave firefighters could successfully------------------ the fire. Take out – put out – knock out
12. I don’t know the meaning of this word; I have to ----- it ---- -. Look up – go up – set up

Mr. Rachid Zahir Errazi High School

30
13. Anna will -------------- my dog while I’m away. Take after – give off – look after
14. We have ------------ of sugar. Go and buy some. Run up – run out – run into
15. My plane -------------- at seven p.m. takes in – puts up – takes off
16. Alice is elegant. She --------------- the latest fashion. Keeps up with – goes up with – puts up with
17. It’s the parents’ responsibility to ----------------- kids. Eat up – bring up – do up
18. This paper is full of mistakes! You need to ----- it ------ -. Turn in – do over – take up
19. I was happy to ------------ my friend in Rabat. Come into – come over – come across
20. We need financial support to ------------- our projects. Set out – set up – sit in
21. I had to --------------- before I could get the key to my room. Check in – take in – speak up
22. I always ------------------ the engine before I travel. Put in – check out – check in
23. Please ---------------------. Don’t stop. Carry out – carry on – take away
24. The electricity -------------------while I was studying. Went out – blew up – went down
25. The temperature is ------------------ fortunately. Going off – going down – going in
26. The witness was ---------------- to say what he had. Let out – let down – let in
27. Don’t forget to ---------------------- after you send the email. Look up – log out – try out
28. She ----------------------- when she heard the bad news. Passed out – passed on – looked up
29. Students------------------------ some of their clothes to the needy. Give out – give in – give away
30. Students need a password to -------------------- log out – log in – take off

A. Tick the phrases that you would find in an informal letter?

Hello friend, I’m sorry to inform you that… Take care.

How are you? Why don’t you…? It’s a pleasure to…

Best regards Dear Mr. Dawkins, Your friend,

I have the honor to write… Bye for now. I’m delighted to write…

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31
 B. Study the following letter and answer the questions.
Salutation
-Ask how your friend is.
-Refer to the previous Dear friend,
letter.
-Decide your topic. I hope you are doing great. It’s always nice to write to you. You know I’m
visiting Morocco, but I have some worries because it’s the first time for me to
travel to a foreign country.

I would be really grateful if you could tell me about your culture and
Here in the body, you customs. As you know I’m Christian and I would like to know if it’s okay for
mention the details, Moroccans to deal with people of different faith. I would also like to know
answer questions and about your table manners. I heard you guys gather around one plate and use
explain ideas. your fingers to eat! Is that correct? One more thing, how am I supposed to greet
people? Should I hug? Kiss on the cheeks? Or just shake hands?

I’m really excited to finally visit Morocco. So, I’m counting on you to tell
Closure me all about your culture in your next letter.
Looking forward to hearing from you. Take care.

Edward

Sender’s Name
What are Edward’s concerns?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..

What does he ask his Moroccan pen friend for?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….………..

E. Write a reply to Edward answering his questions. (copybook)

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32
 A. Match the words with their definitions.
1- Duty 1: …….. a. Enduring a loss for a person, a thing or your country.
2- Active 2: …….. b. A native or naturalized member of a country.
3- Initiative 3: ……. c. A group of people living in a particular local area.
4- Volunteer 4: ……. d. Obligation, responsibility.
5- Anthem 5: ……. e. Acting before others do.
6- Citizen 6: …….. f. Offer time or service for free.
7- Community 7: …… g. A song of devotion or loyalty. Hymn
8- Sacrifice 8: …….. h. Energetic and ready to help.

B. Make appropriate collocations.

A B Answer Meaning
1- National h- Citizenship 1: ……… 1: ……………………………………………………………..
2- Human i- Citizen 2: ……… 2: ……………………………………………………………..
3- Voluntary j- Anthem 3: ……… 3: ……………………………………………………………..
4- Dual k- Service 4: ……… 4: ……………………………………………………………..
5- Global l- Work 5: ……… 5: ……………………………………………………………..
6- Community m- Nationality 6: ……… 6: ……………………………………………………………..
7- Active n- Rights 7: ……… 7: ……………………………………………………………..

C. Classify the following rights and duties in your copybook: rights/duties or both
A-Voting F- respect the flag K- respecting the rules P- Doing your best
B- Paying taxes G- freedom of opinion L- access to health care R- Preserving the environment
C- Having a job H- freedom of movement M- Volunteering S- Tolerance
D- Respecting others I- having a house N- Earning your livelihood T- Education
E- Being respected J- safety O- Telling the truth U- Community service

D. Fill in the blanks with the right words or collocations.

Community national anthem

Job citizens dual nationality responsibility

1) Ali is an active………..………..; he always does ………………………….

2) Before every football match of the national team, the .................................. is sung.
3) All people have the right to have a ............................. so that they could earn some money.
4) People should be global… ........................and think for the common good of the whole world.
5) Most people who travel to other countries and live there have a …………………………….
6) Citizens enjoy… ....................... , but they also have some responsibilities.
7) Taking part in elections is a right, but also a ………………………………

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33
 8) Doing voluntary work in your local ................................... is an example of active citizenship.

A. Study the dialogue and answer the questions.

Ali: Hi Sarah! What’s the matter?

Sarah: Oh! I have a little problem. My new neighbors are Christian;
I don’t know how to deal with this. What can I do?
Ali: Well, it’s not really a problem. You should just accept them the way they are. You have to be tolerant.
Sarah: How? What do you think I should do?
Ali: Why don’t you invite them over and show them the Moroccan hospitality and open-mindedness?
Sarah: Hmm! I think you are right. Thank you for your advice.

1) What’s the matter with Sarah?

……………………………………………….
2) What is Ali’s advice?
……………………………………………….
3) What does Sarah say to ask for help?
………………………………………………
B. Find expressions of asking for and giving advice and add others.

C. Help these people with some pieces of advice:

Susan: “I’m getting fatter day after day and I don’t know what to do to lose weight. Can you help me please?”

……………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………

Edward: “I really want to learn Spanish, but I don’t know how. What do you advise me?”

……………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………

A. Study the following situation.

Tom He says that

What does
he loves
Tom say?
English.

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B. Study these sentences and notice how they are reported.

1) Sarah: ‘I’m an active citizen.’ Sarah says that she is an active citizen.
2) Tom: ‘I revise my lessons every night.’ Tom says that he revises his lessons every night.
3) Sami: What is citizenship?’ Sami asks the teacher what citizenship is.
4) Susan: ‘Can you help me?’ Susan asks Tom if he can help her.
5) Teacher: ‘Remember to close the door.’ My teacher reminds me to close the door.
C. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated.

a) ‘I live in a big city.’ She says……………………………………………

b) ‘We need to work harder to succeed.’ The teacher states…………………………………..

c) ‘What is voluntary work?’ He asks his teacher…………………………………

d) ‘Can you solve the problem?’ He wants to know………………………………….

e) ‘Always defend your point of view.’ The teacher reminds me…………………………….

D. Have a look at Martin Luther king’s speech in 1963 and study how it is reported.

“I’m happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration
for freedom in the history of our nation. Five score years ago a great American in his symbolic
shadow we stand today signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree is a
great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of
withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.”

E. Study this report of the above speech and analyze the changes.

Martin Luther king stated that he was happy to join with them that day in what would
go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of their nation. He
added that five score years previously, a great American in whose symbolic shadow they stood
that day had signed the Emancipation Proclamation. King told the audience that that
momentous decree was a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been
seared in the flames of withering injustice. He said that it had come as a joyous daybreak to end
the long night of their captivity.

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F. Find the changes that happen when we report.

G. Exercise: Complete these sentences as suggested:

1) "I like this film." He said....................................................................................................

2) "I don't speak French," she said. She said..................................................................................................
3) "I never make mistakes." He said...................................................................................................
4) "I will do it tomorrow." He said ……………………………………..………………………
5) "I’m watching TV now." He said that he ……………………………….…………………….
6) "I play tennis sometimes." He said that he ………………………………………………………..
7) "I’m going to visit you next week." She said that …………………………………….…………………….
8) "We can’t talk to you at this moment." They said that …………………………………………………………
9) "Stop playing, Joe." The teacher told Joe...............................................................................
10) "You should practice some sport." He advised her.......................................................................................
11) "Take off your shoes". She ordered us.......................................................................................
12) "Where is my phone?" She asked..............................................................................................
13) "How are you?" Ali asked us...........................................................................................
14) "What are you doing guys?" She wanted to know..............................................................................
15) "How do you know that?" She asked me.........................................................................................
16) "Don't be late." He warned her........................................................................................
17) "Don't drink and drive." She warned us........................................................................................

An Example to follow

Taroudant – Moroccan doctor Zouhair created to offer free medical services to poor
Lahna announced on his Facebook page that the refugees, is now operational.
socio-medical center Injab in Casablanca,
The initiative is supported by a group of
NGO’s, and aims to offer the beneficiaries free

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preventive and curative care. The medical Injab. The patient is a Cameroonian refugee, who
services will be provided by a team led by the is apparently visiting the doctor for pregnancy
gynecologist, in addition to two general checkup. Last September, the gynecologist wrote
practitioners, a midwife, a social worker and an on his Facebook page about his project, saying
administrative assistant. The new socio-medical “For a while, I was wondering about thefeasibility
center is located in Farah Oulfa Salam of setting up a medical center to help the needy
neighborhood, which comprises a “large and uprooted Syrian and sub-Saharan African
community of Syrian refugees and sub-Saharan refugees whom we come across every day in front
Africans.” of mosques and the junctions of Casablanca’s
major axes, with children on their backs.” Lahna
Alongside a permanent team, the center said that the clinic would provide free health care
Injab counts on doctor volunteers in all also to needy Moroccans.
specialties, who will offer their expertise for free,
as well as clinics and hospitals that willallow Dr. Zouhair Lahna, is known for his
doctor volunteers to “perform the necessary humanitarian services. In 2014, he had
surgery at low cost for the benefit of the target volunteered to help treat the Palestinians whowere
populations.” The center will be funded by the victims of Israeli aggression on the Gaza Strip.
fundraising campaigns carried out by the group of According to figures from the HighCommission
partner associations, individual donors, for Refugees (UNHCR), Morocco is home to
governments, and international cooperation. more than 5,000 Syrian refugees.
[Link]
The doctor posted on his Facebook page a opens-clinic-to-help-syrian-and-sub-saharan-refugees/
video of the first patient hosted by the center

A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.

1) Refugees must pay little money to get medical care.

…………………………………………………………
2) The government will fund the center. …………………………………………………………
3) The center relies on other doctors apart from the permanent team.…………………………………….
………………………………………………………
4) The center provides care for the refugees only.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Answer the following questions.

1) Why was the socio-medical center created?

………………………………………………………………………..
2) Which category of people does the center target?
…………………………………………………………………
3) What nationality was the first patient treated by the center?
……………………………………………………

C. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

1) Who: ……………………………………..… 2) His: ………………….……………….

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D. Find in the text words which mean almost the same as:

1) People fleeing war (p1): ……………….. 2) Woman’s doctor (p. 2): …………………………

A. How to write an application letter.

Your Personal Information

FirstName LastName
Street Address
City, State Zip Code
Phone Number
Email Address

Date

Employer Contact Information

Name
Title
Company
Address
City, State Zip Code

Salutation
Dear Mr./Ms. Last Name or Dear Hiring Manager:

Application Letter Content: what position? Why? How will you follow-up?

First Paragraph:

➢ Why you are writing.

➢ Mention the job you are applying for and where you found the position.
➢ If you have a contact at the company, mention the person's name and your connection here.

Middle Paragraphs:
The next section of your cover letter should describe what you have to offer the company:

➢ Abilities and the requirements listed in the job posting.

➢ Your skills and experience match the job.
➢ Try to support each statement you make with a piece of evidence.
➢ Use several shorter paragraphs or bullets rather than one large block of text.

Final Paragraph:

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 ➢ Thank the employer for considering you for the position.
➢ Include information on how you will follow up. State that you will do so and indicate when.

Complimentary Close:
Sincerely,
Your Signature (hard copy letter)
Your full name typed out

B. Study the sample and write the parts of the letter and the content of each paragraph.

Ms. Adrika Ghouse

T Parekh Marg, Mumbai

December 16, 2020

Mr. Raza Anand

Human Resources Officer
Mumbai School
Dadabhai Road, Andheri West
Mumbai – 400 058

Dear Mr. Anand,

I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed last week in the newspaper
about a job vacancy. I am greatly interested in applying for the position of school teacher
and I have attached my resume with this letter. My recommendation letters are available
at your request.

I am a graduate of a Bachelor’s degree in Education from a reputable school where I

graduated with excellent grades. I took up my practicum at a local school and I have been
given a good review by my colleagues, the students, and the school principal. I believe
that I have the qualities of a good teacher. I have a passion for teaching and I work well
with children. I am very patient and I can also deal with different kinds of people.

I hope I can discuss with you more of my credentials through an interview.

Sincerely yours.
C.

D. Read the following advertisement and write a letter to apply for the position required.

We are hiring new teachers of English!

If you are interested, apply for the job and send us your letter of application to the
following address:

305 Lion street

Settat, 26000.
Morocco
[Link]@[Link] English Lingua
Mr. Rachid Zahir Errazi High School
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A. Here are some of the most famous international organizations. Study them with your teacher.

ICRC

UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNICEF: The United Nations Children's Fund
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross/Crescent
OXFAM: Oxford Committee for Famine Relief

B. Find the missions and roles of each organization.

C. Match the words with their definitions.

1- violation 1: …….. a. Civilians running from war.

2- corruption 2: …….. b. A state of peace agreed between opponents.
3- headquarters 3: ……. c. Stop.
4- cease 4: ……. d. The act of disregarding an agreement or right.

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 5- truce 5: ……. e. Trying to find a solution with negotiations.
6- sanctions 6: …….. f. Finding a solution; reaching an agreement.
7- resolution 7: …… g. Main office; home base; administrative centre.
8- diplomat 8: …….. h. Lack of integrity or honesty.
9- refugees 9: …….. i. Penalizations.
10- diplomacy 10: ……… j. A person who finds solutions with negotiations.

D. Make appropriate collocations.

A B Answer Meaning
1- impose a- conflicts 1: …… 1: ……………………………………………………………..
2- cease b- treaty 2: …… 2: ……………………………………………………………..
3- bilateral c- assembly 3: …… 3: …………………………………………………………..
4- armed d- relations 4: …… 4: …………………………………………………………..
5- peace e- aid 5: …… 5: …………………………………………………………..
6- humanitarian f- sanctions 6: …… 6: …………………………………………………………..
7- general g- fire 7: …… 7: …………………………………………………………..

E. Fill in the blanks with the right words or collocations.

“corruption - cease fire – diplomacy – violation – refugees – sanctions – mission - fight”

1- The two fighting nations decided to ........................... ........... for a while to gain some peace.
2- Many activists accuse WHO of .................................. during Covid 19 pandemic.
3- Killing innocent people is a .................................... of the right to life.
4- Germany hosted many… ............................... fleeing from Syria.
5- The UN always advises nations to use ......................................... in resolving conflicts.
6- The ................................ of AI is to safeguard human rights.
7- The international community decided to impose......................on Iran because of its nuclear program.
8- Doctors without Frontiers .......................... epidemics around the world.

➢ What do you know about MSF?

➢ What kind of help does this organization offer?

Doctors without Borders

NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 14, 2020—The capital city of China's Hubei province—the
international medical humanitarian epicenter of the current outbreak of the novel
organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins coronavirus disease, now called COVID-19.
Sans Frontières (MSF) announced Friday that it
will provide specialized medical protective MSF is sending 3.5 metric tons of medical
equipment to Wuhan Jinyintan hospital in the protective equipment from its supply center in

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Brussels, through the Hubei Charity Federation, who are more susceptible to developing severe
to Wuhan Jinyintan hospital—one of the disease if they are infected, such as the elderly.
hospitals on the forefront of treating patients with
WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT THE
COVID-19.
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE OUTBREAK:
“As of February 14, there are more than COVID-19
64,000 COVID-19 cases, 99 percent of which are “Our teams have already conducted face-to-
in China,” said Gert Verdonck, MSF’s face sessions with street cleaners, refugees,
emergency coordinator for COVID-19. “Medical asylum seekers, and the visually impaired in
protective equipment is key. So, we want to recent weeks,” said Karin Huster, who oversees
contribute to supporting frontline health workers MSF’s project in Hong Kong. “We share up-to-
with the specialized protection they need to work date, evidence-based medical information.
safely in an outbreak of this magnitude.” Perhaps even more crucially, we’re there to listen
and answer the many questions that this new
The World Health Organization has declared disease has generated. Fear can often spreadfaster
the novel corona virus outbreak a public health than a virus, so helping people managetheir stress
emergency of international concern. The virus, and anxiety is a key focus for us.”
which has now spread to 24 othercountries
across three continents, affects the respiratory May Chan, a street cleaner in Hong Kong,
system and appears to be transmitted through attended an MSF health promotion session on
inhaling droplets spread by coughing or touching COVID-19. “It is the first time to learn that if I
contaminated surfaces. The main symptoms cough without a tissue, I should cough into my
include general weakness, fever, coughing, and elbow but not my hands. This helps keep my
difficulty breathing. It is estimatedthat 82 percent hands clean, and I think it is important for a
of the people who get infected will only suffer cleaner to know that,” she said. Chan believes the
from a mild form of the disease. correct application of infection prevention
measures—such as frequent hand washing and
Community engagement is a crucial wearing face masks properly—can help her stay
component of any outbreak response. MSF’s healthy.
health education project in Hong Kong focuses on
[Link]
vulnerable people—including people who are
socio-economically disadvantaged and those

A. Are these statements true or false? Justify.

1. Wuhan is where the virus started.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Most active cases are in China on February 14th.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The World Health Organization said that the virus is only a local problem.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Answer these questions.
1. How did the organization (MSF) help the hospital in Wuhan?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What help did the organization offer to patients?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What are the symptoms of the virus?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 C. Complete the following sentences.
1. The virus can be caught by ……………………………………………………………………
2. The way to avoid infection is by ………………………………………………………………
D. Find in the text words that mean almost the same as:
1. Eruption/start (paragraph 1) : …………………………….
2. Transferred (paragraph 4) : ………………………………
E. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?
1. Its (paragraph 2) : …………………………………..
2. Their (paragraph 6) : ………………………………..
F. Choose the right answer. Underline or circle it.
Corona virus affects… a-The brain b-The lungs c-Memory

A. Study the dialogue and answer the questions.

Lina: Did you hear that? Covid 19 will infect millions of people.
Sami: Oh my God! That’s horrible!
Lina: But experts say that more than 90% can beat the virus and vaccines will be ready soon.
Sami: Really? That’s good news.
Lina: Yeah fortunately.

1) How can you describe the first piece of news?……………………………………………….

2) How did Sami react at first?……………………………………………….
3) What does Sami say to respond to the good news?………………………………………………

B. Find expressions of responding to good news and bad news, then add others.

C. How do you respond to the following?

1. The king is visiting your village or city. ……………………………………………………

2. Your friend didn’t pass his exams. …………………………………………………………
3. Morocco has won the Africa cup of nations. ………………………………………………

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 A. Study the following text and do the related task.
John is a shy person. However, he is a good football player. His teammates are excellent. Moreover, their
coach is fantastic. Despite their young age, they win most of their games. Although john is busy with
football, he never misses his classes. Therefore, he always gets good marks. His football and school are
equally great because he is serious in both. In spite of his full time, John cooks his lunch when his parents
are away. In contrast to her brother John, Selena is a lazy person; she is also an extrovert; in brief, she is
completely different from her brother. Yet, Selena is an intelligent girl and she does well at school too.

➢ Write the linking words in your copybook and guess their functons with your teacher.

B. Pick out the right answer.

1) WHO is trying to deal with the pandemic ......................... , many critics believe it’s not enough.
Moreover However while
2) MSF brought supplies to the hospital. ............................ , they helped patients with psychological
problems.
Although Moreover whereas
3)to what was believed, Covid 19 is still spreading.
In contrast In spite Also
4) This virus is very contagious and complicated. .......................... , there is no solution right now.
Equally Despite In brief
5) Factories give off a lot of toxic smoke ............................... , the air is getting polluted.
In the same way As a result Conversely

C. Rewrite the following sentences using the linking words in brackets.

1) Wars kill many innocent people, but nations are not trying to find solutions. (despite)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) Sarah goes to school to work during the day and at night she helps her son with the homework.
(Moreover)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) WHO underestimated the gravity of Covid 19; it spread all over the world. (as a result)

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 …………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) UNICEF helps children; they are the future generations. (because)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5) Some organizations receive funds from governments; others depend on personal donations.
(whereas)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

An Email to UNICEF
A. Tick the phrases that you would find in a formal email.

Hello friend, I’m sorry to inform you that… Dear Sir or Madame,

How are you? Yours Sincerely It’s a pleasure to…

Best regards Dear Mr. the president, Your friend,

I have the honor to write… Bye for now. I would be grateful if…

B. Study this internet post by UNICEF and answer the questions.

Millions of children are suffering all over the world. They are exploited in
different ways. These kids need our help and support. To do that, we need you
to write us emails about the situation of children in your area anddescribe the
problems they face so that we could provide some help.

1) What is the mission of UNICEF?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2) What are the problems that children suffer from all over the world?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) How can you describe the situation of children in your area?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) What solutions can you suggest?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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C. Write an email to UNICEF to describe the situation of children in your area, suggesting some
solutions and asking for help from the organization. Respect the layout of the email.

New Message
Recipients

Subject
Dear Sir,

Opening: show
I have the pleasure to ……………………………………………………………………
your gratitude for
……………………………………………………………………………………………… the opportunity and
say why you are
…………………………………….. writing.

Children in my village
Describe the
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
situation of
……………………………………………………………………………………………… children, suggest
solutions and
……………………………………………………………………………………………… invite UNICEF
to help.
…………………………………………………………………

I’m looking forward to hearing from you. Thank them for consideration and
show you are waiting for the
answers.
Yours Sincerely,

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 A. Use the prompts given to distinguish between science and technology.

1. It’s about building tools to exploit natural phenomena..

2. It’s about putting theory into practice.
3. It involves shaping, cutting and putting materials together..
4. Gathering information.
5. It’s a process for producing knowledge.
6. It investigates natural phenomena
7. Observation. 8. It’s mainly about theory

Science
Technology

………………… …………………
………………… …………………
………………… …………………
………………… …………………

B. What are the branches of science and technology? Classify the following and add others.

Math, geology, robotics, biotechnology, physics, medical engineering…

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 C. Do you know the names of these inventions?

……………………….
…………………………. …………………………………… ……………………….

………………………. ………………………. …………………………..... ……………………..………

………………………. ………………………. ……………………….

……………………….

………………………. ………………………. ………………………. ……………………….

……………………….

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 D. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words from the previous activity.

1) We use the...................................... to see distant objects.

2) The ............................................. is used to magnify very tiny things.
3) Astronauts use ............................. to travel to space.
4)is used to clean carpets.
5) Many young people use the ...................................... to live virtual reality.
6) My phone battery died down, but fortunately my friend had a ……………………
7) Sometimes I try to zoom a picture in my album thinking it’s a ……………………….
8) Many people believe .............................. will replace humans in different fields.

E. Fill in the blanks with the rights words or collocations from the list:

Phenomena, microwave oven, tasteless, light bulb, side effects,

cell phones, astronomy, scientific experiment,

1) Many critics believe that biotechnology has negative ……………………….

2) Science is the process of investigating natural…………………………
3) Many parents are obliged to buy .................................for their kids because of distant learning.
4) Genetically engineered fruit are usually ……………………
5)studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole.
6) Many people are against the use of animals in …………………….
7) The ........................................ was invented by Thomas Edison.
8) The invention of ................................... revolutionized the way humans used to cook.

A. Study the dialogue and answer the questions.

Lara: Hey, look at that car. It’s so beautiful.

Tom: Yeah! It must be very expensive.
Lara: Whose car is it? Is it Mr. Brown’s?
Tom: I’m not sure; it may be his.
Lara: I guess so.

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 1) Is Tom sure the car is expensive? How do you know?
……………………………………………….
2) Do Tom and Lara know for sure that the car belongs to Mr. Brown? Explain.
……………………………………………….
3) Can you think of other ways to express certainty and uncertainty? Fill in a table in your copybook.

B. Fill in the blanks with the words expressing certainty or uncertainty.

1) This ring is gorgeous. It .......................... cost a lot of money.

2) I’m not sure, but it.........................rain today.
3) They .................. not travel tomorrow; they haven’t decided yet.
4) Lincoln will ............................ come; he never misses classes.
5) I’m.............................I will enjoy this job; I love sport.

Edison- the world’s greatest inventor

Thomas Alva Edison was born in 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He was one of seven children. He first went
to school at the age of eight, but he didn’t do very well. The teacher didn’t realize that he was slightly
deaf, and thought he was stupid. In fact, the teacher told Edison he was stupid, and the poor boy ran
home crying to his mother. He went back to school from time to time until the age of twelve, but
received most of his education from his mother. He also taught himself a lot- he was a keen reader of
science books.

As soon as he left school, he got a job selling newspapers on the street. He immediately showed
his intelligence and business sense in the job. Each day, he read the news stories before he took the
newspapers from the shop. When they were interesting, he picked up a lot of papers- when they were
less interesting, he picked up a smaller number. With his simple trick, he made much more money than
the other newspaper boys.

Edison’s first invention appeared when he was only nineteen. He then started work as a full-time
inventor, creating new machines or improving machines which already existed. For example,
Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone in 1876, but Edison made a new and much better
microphone for it.

In 1877 Edison produced the first sound-recording machine called the phonograph. Without the
essential first step, we wouldn’t have any cassettes or CDs today- so spare Edison a thought the next
time you listen to your favorite album! Two years later, he invented the light bulb. New York became
the first city in the world with electric lighting.

In the late 1880s he produced a movie camera and projector- the kinetograph and the kinetoscope. So
he was also one of the fathers of the film industry. At the same time, he invented electrical batteries for
use with his new cameras.

Altogether, more than 1,000 inventions came out of Edison’s laboratory. When he died in 1931,
[Link]
Rachid Zahir
lights were switched
off all over the USA as a tribute. Errazi High School
50
 A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.
1) Edison was brilliant at school.
2) ……………………………………………………
3) Edison’s teacher realized his gifts.
…………………………………………………………………………….
4) Edison invented the telephone.
………………………………………………………………………………
B. Answer the following questions:
1) Who was his best teacher?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2) How did Edison improve the telephone?
…………………………………………………………………….
3) What was Edison’s first job?
…………………………………………………………………………………
4) What is the most important invention of Edison and why?
………………………………………………….

C. Complete the following sentences with information from the text.

1) The teacher thought Edison was stupid because…………………………………………………..
2) Edison’s first job was……………………………………………………………………………...

D. Pick out from the text phrases or sentences which show that…
1) Edison was sad when he was told that he was stupid. …………………………………………
2) Edison was good at business. ………………………………………………………………….

E. Find in the text words meaning almost the same as:

1) Helpless (p1) ………………… 2) Eager(p1) ……………… 3) creation(p3) …………………
4) Making better (p3) …………………….

F. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

1) He (paragraph 1) ……………………………….
2) They (paragraph 2) ……………………………….
3) It (paragraph 3) ……………………………….

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 What are the wishes of the boy?
Check some of the things you wish you had or did.

Could buy a car Were rich

Had a pet
Were an angel

Had a Cell Phone Visited London

Which of these wishes would be easy to achieve? Which would be difficult or

impossible?
What other things would you like to change about your life? Why?

A. Complete the grammatical rule in your copybook: ‘I wish I had wings.’

B. Express wishes about the following: Follow the example.

1) I can’t drive cars. I wish I could drive cars.
2) I don’t have a lot of money.
I wish …………………………………………………………………..………………………….
3) My phone doesn’t have a good camera.
If only …………………………………………………………………………………………….
4) Clark doesn’t speak Spanish.
She wishes …………………………………………………………………………….…………..
5) Many people are dying because of the pandemic.
If only ……………………………………………………………………………..………………..

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C. Task: Write down your own wishes and share them orally.

A. Study this text and answer the questions.

Last year was a mess for Murphy. He didn’t attend school regularly and when he did, he created
problems and disrespected the school staff. As a result, he got low marks and didn’t pass his exams.
Now, he regrets it, he wishes he had attended his classes and showed more respect to the staff. If only
he hadn’t created such problems. Things would have been better if he had behaved differently.

1) What were Murphy’s mistakes last year?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2) Is he happy about what he did? Explain.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3) What are his wishes now?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Complete the grammatical rule in your copybook: ‘I wish I had attended my classes.’

C. Show regret about the following situations:

1) I joined the army, but it is too difficult. I regret it now.
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………
2) I didn’t practice sport in the past and had no good food. I’m fat now.
If only I………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) Yesterday, I ate a lot of food. My stomach hurts now.
I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………
4) Last night, I stayed up late and I couldn’t wake up in the morning. I regret it now.
I wish…………………………………………………………………………………………..
5) I didn’t wake up early and I didn’t catch the bus to school.

I wish……………………………………………………………………………………………..

D. Think about things you did or happened in the past which you regret now and express them
using ‘wish’ or ‘if only.’

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 Conditional Type Three: ‘If I had worked hard, I would have passed the exams.’

A. Study this text and answer the questions.

Yesterday, I had a party with my friends. We had a lot of fun, but it didn’t
end well. I ate a lot of food. I had a stomachache. I didn’t sleep early. So, I
overslept and didn’t catch the bus. I was late for school and didn’t sit for the
exam. I had a bad mark because I forgot to do my homework. If only I could
change things. If I hadn’t eaten a lot, I wouldn’t have had a stomachache. I
would surely have caught the bus if I had slept early. Alas!

1) What did he do wrong yesterday?

……………………………………… ……………………………………………
……………………………………… ……………………………………………
……………………………………… ……………………………………………
2) What would have happened if he had caught the bus?
………………………………………………………………………………………
3) Complete the following sentences:
If he hadn’t been late for school, ………………………………………………….
He wouldn’t have had a bad mark ………………………………………………...

B. Complete the grammatical rule in your copybook:

‘If I had found a job, I would have saved money.’

C. Rewrite these sentences using conditional type three.

1) I didn't wake up on time. I didn't catch the bus
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2) They didn’t win the match because they didn’t start training in time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3) Einstein didn’t know the US would use nuclear weapons; otherwise, he wouldn’t have helped
them.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4) They didn’t take him to hospital early; as a result, he died.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5) Many jobs were lost because they invented more robots.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
D. Write examples about things that happened to you using conditional type three.

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 A. Study the topic and do the related tasks.

Nowadays, life without cell phones is unimaginable. Most of us

agree that they are becoming indispensible and all our daily tasks
depend on them. However, not all people share this view. Theybelieve
that cell phones are destroying our life.

1) How important do you think cell phones are?

2) Which one of the views do you agree with? Why?

3) Draw a chart in your copybook and fill in it with advantages and disadvantages of cell phones.

B. Write an article to your school magazine using the information you have just found.

➢ This is how you are going to write your article:

• Mention the importance of cell phones.

Introduction • Show the two opposing views and raise the problematic.
• Mention the points you want to discuss in the body.

Body paragraph one • Here, you demonstrate the advantages of cell phones; organize your
writing with linkers: first, second, moreover, also, in addition…

Body paragraph two • Start with ‘however’ to present the disadvantages. Again use
appropriate linkers.

Conclusion • Recapitulate the importance of cell phones and try to suggest a solution
to make the opposing sides meet at a certain point: using cell phones
wisely.

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What is brain drain?

2
Brain drain is the migration of
individuals with technical skills and
knowledge to developed countries.

1) What does picture number two suggest?

2) Why do brainy people travel to more developed countries?

A. Think of words related to brain drain and share them.

B. Why do skilled individuals immigrate to developed countries?

Push factors (home country) Pull factors (host country)

C. Match the words with their definitions.

Words Answer Definition

1 … a) Having or showing skill and expertise.

1) Developed
2 … b) Emigration of scientists or technologists to
2) Developing developed countries. (brain drain)
3 …
3) Underdeveloped c) Intelligent
4 … d) Attractive
4) Human capital flight
5 … e) Feeling nostalgic for your country.
5) Brain training f) The increase of highly-qualified members
6 …
6) Brain gain entering a country.
7 … g) Advanced in science, economy, education…
7) Brainy
8 … h) In the process of or seeking development.
8) Homesick
i) Prepare highly skilled people needed in the
9 …
9) Skilled development of a country.
10 … j) Not advanced or has a weak economy.
10) Tempting

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 D. Match the words in column A with those A B
in column B to make appropriate
collocations. Low Country
High Flight
Highly Workers
Developed Pay
Skilled Salary
Capital Qualified
Attract Attention

E. Fill in the blanks with the right words from the list.

Emigrants, low pay, workers, emigration, third world, tempted, home countries, qualified,
living conditions, receiving countries

1) Skilled ......................... leave their home country for different reasons.

2) Many of them travel because of the bad working and .................................. in their countries.
3)don’t take good care of their human resources.
4) Highly qualified individuals are ..................................... by high salaries in developed countries.
5)provide good living conditions for brainy individuals to prosper.
6) Brain drain is the ................................. of skilled professionals to developed countries.
7) One of the reasons that push them to emigrate is ............................. ; salaries are meager.
8) Thousands of highly .............................members leave their countries.
9) The economy of .................................. countries is damaged by this phenomenon.
10)believe the grass is always greener at the other side of the fence.

➢ Sarah is a Moroccan student who immigrated to the US and is talking about her new life
there.

Thinking that the grass is always greener at the other side of the fence, I traveled to the
US to pursue my studies. Now, I’m facing many problems. If only I had stayed in my country.
I miss my relatives and friends and the warm feeling of being part of a family. I feel I’m not
welcome here. I wish I had never thought about leaving. Life would have been easier had I
decided to stay in my home country.

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 1) What do you understand from the title?
……………………………………………………………………
2) How does she feel?
……………………………………………………………………
3) Highlight the expressions that show Sarah’s regret.
……………………………………………………………………

A. Express regret about the following situations.

1) A person who insulted his boss and got fired.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
2) An immigrant who left his country and was racially abused.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
3) The virus closed many schools.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
4) Some students weren’t serious enough and didn’t pass their exams.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
5) Our team didn’t take the match seriously and we lost the game.
……………………………………………………………………………………….

B. Express regret about things that happened to you and share with your classmates.

Before you read

➢ Which countries receive the highest numbers of skilled professionals?
➢ Which countries are mostly affected by this phenomenon?
➢ Does Morocco suffer from brain drain?

Heated debate in Morocco over brain drain

Efforts to combat the trend began in 2007 when the Moroccan government introduced the International
Forum for Moroccan Competencies Abroad (FINCOME) to attract young Moroccan professionals and
academicians working abroad back to Morocco and integrate them into the country’s higher education,
scientific research and business sectors. FINCOME established institutional links with Moroccan
professionals abroad and created a database of qualified people, as well as of public and private institutions
in Morocco involved in research, development, training and in the transfer of technology and scientific
knowledge. The program also aims to provide expertise in fixing development goals and strategies in various
sectors, evaluating research projects and in attracting investments and partnerships.

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 In his speech commemorating King and People’s Revolution Day last August, King Mohammed VI
pointed out that “many young people in Morocco, especially university graduates in science and technology,
are thinking of emigrating, not only because of the tempting material incentives abroad butalso because
they do not find in their country the appropriate conditions for employment, career advancement, innovation
and scientific research.” He added that “it is for the same reasons that a numberof Moroccan students
abroad are not returning to work in their country after completing their studies.”

Hishem Motadhad, a teacher and researcher of political and strategic sciences in Canada, said the
Moroccan government was not taking the issue of brain drain seriously, especially when, now more than
ever, Morocco must be keen on retaining qualified people and giving them the status they deserve. “It’s the
human capital that is the foundation of every country’s socio-economic development and the reservoir of the
collective memory that is at the basis of any national prosperity,” he said.

Data released by the Moroccan ICT Federation indicate that about 8,000 IT engineers and technicians
graduate from Moroccan universities and institutes each year. However, 10-20% of them migrate abroad,
even though there is a strong need for their talents in Morocco’s labor market.

Most Moroccan professionals seeking to go abroad immigrate to France. Each year, thousands of doctors
and engineers in Morocco leave the country headed to Europe. Although Morocco needs such professionals,
they prefer to seek a place that provides them with decent living conditions, appropriate social status and the
rights they deserve.

If Morocco has a good reserve of top-level cadres and highly qualified professionals by international
standards, then, for Motadhad and other experts and professionals, the absence of fairness in terms of
employment opportunities and the lack of transparency in recruitment and promotion may be reason enough
to push them to opt for emigration.

[Link]

A. Are these sentences true or false? Justify.

1) FINCOME has links only with public institutions in Morocco.
……………………………………………………
2) According to the king, young people emigrate only because of the tempting material incentives.
…………………………………………………………………………….
3) The conditions of employment are not suitable for young people.
………………………………………………………………………………
B. Answer the following questions.
1) What does FINCOME do?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2) What is the message of king Mohamed VI?
…………………………………………………………………….
3) How does Hishem describe the way the Moroccan government handle brain drain?
…………………………………………………………………………………

C. Complete the following sentences with information from the text.

1) Young people emigrate because……………………………………………..……………………..
2) According to Hishem, Morocco must retain its qualified people as they are………………………
…………………………………..

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 D. Pick out from the text phrases or sentences which show that…
3) King Mohamed VI invites the government to take care of young qualified people.
………………………………………………………………..……………………
4) A considerable number of qualified people go abroad to pursue their studies.
…………………………………………………………………………………….

E. Find in the text words meaning almost the same as:

3) Fight (p1) …………………
4) Inviting/attractive (p2) ………………

F. What do the underlined words in the text refer to?

4) Them (paragraph 1) ……………………………….
5) He (paragraph 2) ……………………………….
6) Them (paragraph 4) ……………………………….

A. Study this text and underline relative clauses and circle relative pronouns.

Michael Jackson, who was a famous singer,

died of an overdose. This is the singer whose fame
reached the entire world. He produced many
albums, but it was Thriller which brought him more
fame.

B. Study these examples.

1) The man who is sitting there is my teacher.

2) The lion, which is the king of the forest, is a real predator.
3) The girl whose dress is green is my classmate.
4) This is the car whose owner is a mechanic.
5) Mohamed the 6th, who is the king of Morocco, had a successful surgery.

C. What is the difference between restrictive and non-restrictive clauses?

a. Michael Jackson, who was a famous singer, died of an overdose.

b. The player who wears number ten scored the first goal.

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 o Underline the relative clauses.
o Underline the relative pronouns.
o Decide which relative clause is important and necessary to the meaning of the sentence. (…)
o Decide which relative clause is not necessary to the meaning of the sentence. (…)
o Identify which clause is put between commas. (…)

D. Let’s define the two types of clauses.

E. Fill in the gaps with: Who, Which or Whose.

1) The man .................... is there is a good actor.
2) The cheetah ....................... can run so fast belongs to the cat family.
3) The girl ............................ eyes are blue is my friend

F. Join the sentences with Who, Which or Whose.

1. This is the actress. She acted in many films. (who)

............................................................................................................................
2. This is the cute dog. It belongs to Brad Pitt. (which)
............................................................................................................................
3. That is the film. It took place in Lisbon. (which)
............................................................................................................................
4. This is the actress. Her mother is very famous. (whose)
............................................................................................................................
5. Skilled workers have big dreams; they want to immigrate to Canada. (whose)
............................................................................................................................
6. Brain drain damages underdeveloped countries. It must be stopped. (which)
............................................................................................................................
7. My aunt has a university degree; she immigrated to Sweden. (who)
............................................................................................................................

A. Study the topic and do the related tasks.

At first glance, brain drain looks too negative that it’s almost
impossible to think that it may have a bright side. A lot of people
believe it’s a big loss as the home country loses many educated and
skilled individuals. Yet, brain drain can also be an advantage forthese
individuals to improve themselves and realize their dreams.

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 1) There are two opinions about brain drain. What are they?
2) Which opinion do you agree with? Why?

3) Draw a chart in your copybook and fill in it with arguments for and against brain drain:

Brain drain can be positive because… Brain drain is negative because…

B. Write an article to your school magazine using the information you have just found.

➢ This is how you are going to write your article:

• Mention the complexity or this phenomenon.

Introduction • Mention that brain drain can be positive and negative.
• Express your point of view and support it in the body.

Body paragraph one • Here, you choose one or two important arguments, for or against brain
drain, and develop them. (depending on your view)

Body paragraph two • Add more arguments to defend your point of view.

Conclusion • Recapitulate the complexity of brain drain.

• You may suggest a way in which brain drain can be beneficial for all
parties, individuals, home country and host country.

Mr. Rachid Zahir Errazi High School

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 sing (sings) sang sung
sink (sinks) sank sunk
sting stang stung
swim (swims) swam swum

INFINITIVE PAST
INFINITIVE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING
PAST PARTICIPLE MEANING
(PRESENT)
(PRESENT) 7th group: ow / ew / own
1st: important verbs blow blew blown
be (am-is-are) was / were been draw drew drawn
do (does) did done fly* flew flown
have (has) had had grow grew grown
come (comes) came come know knew known
get (gets) got got throw threw thrown
go (goes) went gone 8th group: -stand / -stood / -stood
make (makes) made made stand (stands) stood stood
say (says) said said understand understood understood
tell (tells) told told (understands)
2nd group: perception verbs 9th group: -ee- / -e- / -e- /
hear (hears) heard heard bleed (bleeds) bled bled
see (sees) saw seen feed (feeds) fed fed
smell (smells) smelt smelt feel (feels) felt felt
3rd group: no change keep (keeps) kept kept
bet (bets) bet bet kneel (kneels) knelt knelt
burst (bursts) burst burst meet (meets) met met
cost (costs) cost cost sleep (sleeps) slept slept
cut (cuts) cut cut sweep (sweeps) swept swept
hit (hits) hit hit 10th group : -d / -t / -t
hurt (hurts) hurt hurt bend (bends) bent bent
let (lets) let let build (builds) built built
put (puts) put put lend (lends) lent lent
read* (reads) read* read* send (sends) sent sent
shut (shuts) shut shut spend (spends) spent spent
4th group: -aught / -ought 11th group : -t / -t
bring (brings) brought brought burn (burns) burnt burnt
buy (buys) bought bought dream (dreams) dreamt dreamt
catch (catches) caught caught learn (learns) learnt learnt
fight fought fought leave (leaves) left left
teach (teaches) taught taught light (lights) lit lit
think (thinks) thought thought lose (loses) lost lost
5th group: i – e / o – e / i – en and others mean (means) meant meant
beat (beats)* beat* beaten shoot (shoots) shot shot
bite (bites) bit* bitten sit (sits) sat sat
break (breaks)* broke broken spell (spells) spelt spelt
choose (chooses)* chose chosen spill (spills) spilt spilt
drive (drives) drove driven 12th group : miscellaneous
eat (eats)* ate* eaten become became become
fall (falls)* fell* fallen (becomes)
give (gives) gave* given dig (digs) dug dug
forbid (forbids) forbade* forbidden find (finds) found found
forget (forgets)* forgot* forgotten hang (hangs) hung hung
forgive (forgives) forgave* forgiven hold (holds) held held
freeze (freezes)* froze frozen lay (lays) laid laid
hide (hides) hid* hidden lie (lies) lay lain
ride (rides) rode ridden pay (pays) paid paid
rise (rises) rose risen run (runs) ran run
shake (shakes)* shook* shaken sell (sells) sold sold
speak (speaks)* spoke spoken shine (shines) shone shone
steal (steals)* stole stolen show (shows) showed shown
take (takes)* took* taken slide (slides) slid slid
wake(up) woke woken tear (tears) tore torn
(wakes)* wear (wears) wore worn
write (writes) wrote written win (wins) won won
6th group : i / a / u
begin (begins) began begun
drink (drinks) drank drunk
ring (rings) rang rung
shrink shrank shrunk

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