Riemann Sum & Definite Integral
As the number of rectangles increased, the approximation of the
area under the curve approaches a value.
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Riemann Sum & Definite Integral
Definition
Note: The function f(x) must be continuous on the interval [a, b].
The Definite Integral
Parts of the Definite Integral
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The Definite Integral
Properties of the Definite Integral
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The Definite Integral
Geometric Interpretations of the Properties of the Definite Integral
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The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
𝐼𝑓 𝑓 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑦
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓 𝑜𝑛 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑏 − 𝐹(𝑎) .
𝑎
The Definite Integral
Examples
6
4 𝑑𝑥 = 4 6 − 2 = 16
2
8
82 42
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − = 32 − 8 = 24
2 2
4
5
53 33 125 27 98
𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 = − = − = = 32.67
3 3 3 3 3
3
4 4 4 4
43 33 42 32
𝑥2 + 3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 + 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = − +3 − − 2 4−3 =
3 3 2 2
3 3 3 3
64 27 16 9
− +3 − − 2 1 = 20.83
3 3 2 2
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Examples
2𝜋
3 2𝜋
3 2𝜋 𝜋 1 3
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 − −𝑐𝑜𝑠 = − − − − = 0.866
𝜋 𝜋 3 6 2 2
6 6
Practice Questions:
Exercise 8.1
Q. 1 - 82.
Note: Don’t do all of these questions, try to do as much as u can OR the
difficult ones.