Book 3A Lesson Worksheet 1C (Refer to §1.

2A)

1.2 Factorization Using the Cross-method

1.2A Factorization of Polynomials in the Form of x2 + bx + c

Cross-method
Using the fact that
(x + m)(x + n) = x2 + (m + n)x + mn
x +m
to factorize polynomials. ×) x +n
x2 + mx
+) nx + mn
x2 + (m + n)x + mn

Example 1 Instant Drill 1

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Factorize x + 4x + 3. Factorize x2 + 8x + 7.
Sol [Step 1: Write the constant term +3 as a Sol [Step 1: Write the constant term +7 as a
product of two factors. product of two factors.
+3 = (+1)(+3) +7 = (+1)( )
+3 = (–1)(–3) +7 = (–1)( )
Step 2: Test each possible pair of factors Step 2: Test each possible pair of factors
by the cross-method. by the cross-method.
x +1 x –1 x +1 x –1
x +3 x –3 x x
+x + 3x = +4x –x – 3x = –4x +x + ___ = ___ –x _____ = ___
Find the x term. ] ]
Which can give +8x?
Can it give
+4x?
x2 + 4x + 3 = (x + 1)(x + 3) x2 + 8x + 7 = (x )(x )

1. Factorize x2 – 3x + 2. 2. Factorize x2 – 12x + 11.

1: +2 = ( )( ) 1: +11 = ( )( )
+2 = ( )( ) +11 = ( )( )
2: x ( ) x ( ) 2: x ( ) x ( )
x ( ) x ( ) x ( ) x ( )

x2 – 3x + 2 =

○→ Ex 1C 2, 3
Example 2 Instant Drill 2
Factorize x2 + 2x – 3. Factorize x2 + 6x – 7.
Sol [Step 1: Write the constant term –3 as a Sol [Step 1: Write the constant term ( ) as
product of two factors. a product of two factors.
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 –3 = (–3)(+1) ( )=( )( )
–3 = (+3)(–1) ( )=( )( )
Step 2: Test each possible pair of factors Step 2: Test each possible pair of factors
by the cross-method. by the cross-method.
x –3 x +3 x ( ) x ( )
x +1 x –1 x ( ) x ( )
–3x + x = –2x +3x – x = +2x
]
This pair can give ]
+2x.
x2 + 2x – 3 = (x + 3)(x – 1) x2 + 6x – 7 = (x )(x )

3. Factorize the following polynomials.

(a) x2 + 12x – 13 (b) x2 – 12x – 13
1: –13 = ( )( )
–13 = ( )( )
2: x ( ) x ( )
x ( ) x ( )

4. Factorize the following polynomials.

(a) x2 – 16x – 17 x ( ) (b) x2 + 18x – 19
x ( )

○→ Ex 1C 4
Example 3 Instant Drill 3
Factorize x2 + 6x + 8. Factorize x2 + 7x + 6.
Sol [Step 1: Write the constant term +8 as a Sol [Step 1: +6: (+1)(+6),
product of two factors: (+2)(+3)
We can skip
+8: (+1)(+8), (+2)(+4), writing (–1)(–6)
(–1)(–8), (–2)(– 4) and (–2)(–3).
Since the coefficient of x is +6, do we Step 2: Test each possible pair of factors
need to test (–1)(–8), (–2)(– 4)? by the cross-method.
Why? x ( ) ( )
Step 2: Test each possible pair of factors
x ( ) ( )
by the cross-method.
x +1 +2
]
x +8 +4
+x + 8x +2x + 4x x2 + 7x + 6 = (x )(x )
= +9x = +6x ]
x2 + 6x + 8 = (x + 2)(x + 4)
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5. Factorize x2 – 7x + 10. 6. Factorize x2 – 9x + 14.
1: +10: ( )( ), ( )( ) x ( )
2: x ( ) ( ) x ( )
x ( ) ( )

7. Factorize x2 + 8x + 15. 8. Factorize x2 + 10x + 24.

○→ Ex 1C 5–9
9. Factorize x2 + 8x – 9. [Link] –15 + x2 + 2x.
Arrange the terms in
descending order
first.

11. Factorize x2 – 4x – 21. [Link] x2 – 22 – 9x.

○→ Ex 1C 10–12, 18, 19
 Level Up Questions

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13. Factorize 15x + x2 + 26.

[Link] x2 – 3x – 18.

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New Century Mathematics (2nd Edition) 3A

1 More about Factorization of Polynomials

Consolidation Exercise
1C

Level 1
1. (a) List out all the possible ways of writing −10 as a product of two factors.
(The first one is already done as an example for you.)
−10 = (+1)(−10), −10 = ( )( ), −10 = ( )( ), −10 = ( )( )
(b) Using the result of (a), factorize the following polynomials.
(i) x2 + 9x − 10 (ii) x2 − 9x − 10 (iii) x2 − 3x − 10

Factorize the following polynomials. [Nos. 2–19]

2. x2 + 4x + 3 3. x2 − 3x + 2 4. x2 + 6x − 7

5. r2 + 5r + 4 6. k2 + 13k + 22 7. a2 − 10a + 9

8. m2 − 12m + 35 9. h2 − 7h + 12 10. w2 + 8w − 9

11. b2 + 3b − 10 12. p2 + 7p − 18 13. c2 − c − 20

14. y2 − 12y − 28 15. q2 + 13q + 40 16. −2v + v2 − 15

17. 4n − 21 + n2 18. −10s + 24 + s2 19. 42 + z2 − 13z

Level 2
Factorize the following polynomials. [Nos. 20–34]
20. −x2 + 10x + 11 21. −x2 − 14x − 13 22. −x2 + 5x − 4

23. −x2 − 4x + 32 24. −2a + 35 − a2 25. 11y − y2 + 12

26. −20 + 12z − z2 27. b2 + 24b + 128 28. m2 − 27m − 90

29. u2 + 8u − 84 30. −14q − q2 + 72 31. x2 − 12xy + 11y2

32. r2 + 4rs − 21s2 33. −p2 − 11pq + 26q2 34. −b2 + 48c2 + 8bc

35.(a) Factorize k2 + 10k − 39.

(b) Hence, factorize hk − 3h − k2 − 10k + 39.

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Answer
Consolidation Exercise 1C
1. (a) −10 = (−1)(+10), −10 = (+2)(−5),
−10 = (−2)(+5)
(b) (i) (x − 1)(x + 10)
(ii) (x + 1)(x − 10)
(iii) (x + 2)(x − 5)
2. (x + 1)(x + 3) 3. (x − 1)(x − 2)
4. (x + 7)(x − 1) 5. (r + 1)(r + 4)
6. (k + 11)(k + 2) 7. (a − 9)(a − 1)
8. (m − 7)(m − 5) 9. (h − 3)(h − 4)
10. (w + 9)(w − 1) 11. (b + 5)(b − 2)
12. (p + 9)(p − 2) 13. (c + 4)(c − 5)
14. (y − 14)(y + 2) 15. (q + 5)(q + 8)
16. (v + 3)(v − 5) 17. (n + 7)(n − 3)
18. (s − 4)(s − 6) 19. (z − 6)(z − 7)
20. −(x + 1)(x − 11) 21. −(x + 1)(x + 13)
22. −(x − 1)(x − 4) 23. −(x + 8)(x − 4)
24. −(a + 7)(a − 5) 25. −(y − 12)(y + 1)
26. −(z − 10)(z − 2) 27. (b + 16)(b + 8)
28. (m + 3)(m − 30) 29. (u + 14)(u − 6)
30. −(q + 18)(q − 4) 31. (x − 11y)(x − y)
32. (r + 7s)(r − 3s) 33. −(p + 13q)(p − 2q)
34. −(b + 4c)(b − 12c)
35. (a) (k − 3)(k + 13)
(b) (k − 3)(h − k − 13)

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