Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor.

(Autonomous)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

ANALOG AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB MANUAL

(17AEC17)

(II [Link]-II Semester EEE)

Name : ___________________________________
Roll no. : __________________________________
Laboratory Name : __________________________

1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

17AEC17 ANALOG AND DIGITAL CIRCUITS LAB

Objectives:
The course will provide the student:

1. Generation and processing of sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal signals.

2. Analysis and design of various multivibrator circuits.
3. Fundamentals of basic logic gates and its applications.
4. To design a combinational and sequential logic circuits.

Minimum Twelve experiments to be conducted (Six from each part A and part B):
Analog Electronics LAB (PART-A):

1. Linear wave shaping.

2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.
3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clamper's.
4. Transistor as a switch.
5. Astable Multivibrator.
6. Monostable Multivibrator.
[Link] Multivibrator.
[Link] Trigger.
Digital Electronics LAB (PART-B):

1. Study of Logic Gates & Some applications.

2. Half adder & Full adder.
3. Half Subtractor and full subtractor
4. 3-8 decoder-74X138
5. 8-3 encoder-74X148.
6. 8X1 multiplexer -74X151
7. 2X4 de-multiplexer -74X155
8. 4-bit comparator-74X85

Outcomes:
After completion of this course the student will be able to:

1. Generate and process sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal signals.

2. Design and analyze various multivibrator circuits.
3. Understand fundamentals of basic logic gates and design applications.
4. Skilled in the design of combinational and sequential circuits.

2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

NAME :
REG. NO. :

INDEX

S No Date Name of the Experiment Signature

3
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

LIST OF EXPERIMENT

CYCLE I

Analog Electronics LAB :

1. Linear wave shaping.

2. Non Linear wave shaping – Clippers.
3. Non Linear wave shaping – Clamper's.
4. Transistor as a switch.
5. Astable Multivibrator.
[Link] Trigger.

CYCLE II
Digital Electronics LAB:

1. Study of Logic Gates & Some applications.

2. 3-8 decoder-74X138
3. 8-3 encoder-74X148.
4. 8X1 multiplexer -74X151
5. 2X4 de-multiplexer -74X155
6. 4-bit comparator-74X85

4
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
Exp No: Date:
______________________________________________________________________________
LINEAR WAVE SHAPING

(RC INTEGRATOR & RC DIFFERENTIATOR)

AIM:
i) To design and verify an integrator (Low pass RC) circuit.
ii) To design and verify a differentiator (High pass RC) circuit.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Resistors 1kΩ, 10kΩ, 100kΩ
2. Capacitor 0.1 μf (1No.)
3. Bread Board
4. Connecting wires
5. CRO & Probes
6. Function Generator
THEORY: The process in which non sinusoidal signal is altered by transmission through a linear
network is called “Linear wave shaping”.
i) RC INTEGRATOR (or) LOW PASS FILTER: A Low pass circuit is a circuit which transmits
only low frequency signals and alternates (or) stops high frequency signals at zero frequency, the
reactance of the capacitor is infinity (i.e. the capacitor acts as a open circuit). So the entire input
appears at the output i.e. the input is transmitted to the output with zero alternation. So the entire
output is same as the input i.e. the gain is unity. As the frequency increase the capacitor reactance
𝑋𝐶 = 1/2п𝑓𝑐 decreases and so the output decreases. At high frequencies the capacitor virtually
acts as a short circuit and the output falls to zero. RC Integrator can be operated in three different
modes i.e. Large Time constant(𝑅𝐶 ≫ 𝑇), Medium Time constant (𝑅𝐶 = 𝑇) & Short Time
constant (𝑅𝐶 ≪ 𝑇).

ii) RC DIFFERENTIATOR (or) HIGH PASS FILTER: In a high pass RC circuit, at zero
frequency the reactance of the capacitor is infinity and so it blocks the input and hence the output is
zero. Hence this capacitor is called the blocking capacitor and this circuit also called the capacitive
coupling circuit, is used to provide DC isolation between the input and output. As the frequency
increases the reactance of the capacitor decreases and hence the output and gain increases. At very
high frequencies the capacitive reactance is very small so a very small voltage appears across
capacitor and so the output is almost equal to the input and the gain is equal to unity. Since this
circuit attenuates low frequency signals and allows transmission of high frequency signals with

5
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

little or no attenuation, it is called a high pass circuit. RC differentiator can be operated in three
different modes i.e. Large Time constant(𝑅𝐶 ≫ 𝑇), Medium Time constant (𝑅𝐶 = 𝑇) & Short
Time constant (𝑅𝐶 ≪ 𝑇).

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
i) RC INTEGRATOR (or) LOW PASS FILTER:

R = 1kΩ, 10kΩ, 100kΩ

Vi (From function generator) Vo( Output in CRO )

C=0.1 μf

ii) RC DIFFERENTIATOR (or) HIGH PASS FILTER:

C=0.1 μf

Vi (From function generator) Vo( Output in CRO )

R = 1kΩ, 10kΩ, 100kΩ

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the low pass circuit as per the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the function generator at the input terminals and CRO at the output terminals.
3. Apply a square wave signal of 10V amplitude and 1 KHz frequency at input.
4. Observe the output waveform of the circuit for different time constants.
Large Time constant(𝑅𝐶 ≫ 𝑇), Medium Time constant(𝑅𝐶 = 𝑇),Short Time constant(𝑅𝐶 ≪ 𝑇).
5. Repeat the above procedure for high pass circuit also.
6. Draw the graph for both low pass and high pass circuits for above three cases of time constants.

6
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

TABULATION :

i) RC INTEGRATOR (or) LOW PASS FILTER:

[Link] Time constant Amplitude (v) Time period (ms)

i) RC DIFFERENTIATOR (or) HIGH PASS FILTER:

[Link] Time constant Amplitude (v) Time period (ms)

APPLICATIONS:

1. Linear wave shaping networks as a low pass filter and high pass filter used to control the
transmission with respect to frequency.
2. The output of High pass network for less time constant can be used as a trigger for monostable
multivibrator.
3. The low pass network can be used to generate the triangular wave for high time constant.

7
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

MODEL GRAPH:
i) RC INTEGRATOR (or) LOW PASS FILTER:

V V i(Input square wave)

+ 5V
V o(Output) Large Time Constant (𝑹𝑪 ≫ 𝑻)

t (in m Sec)
0

- 5V

V V i (Input square wave)

+ 5V
V o (Output) Medium Time Constant (𝑹𝑪 = 𝑻)

0 t (in m Sec)

- 5V

V V i (Input square wave)

+5V
V o (Output) Short Time Constant (𝑹𝑪 ≪ 𝑻)

t (in m Sec)
0

- 5V

8
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

ii) RC DIFFERENTIATOR (or) HIGH PASS FILTER:

V i (Input square wave)

+ 5V V o (Output) Short Time Constant (𝑹𝑪 ≪ 𝑻)

0 t (in m Sec)

- 5V

+ 5V V i (Input square wave)

V o (Output) Medium Time Constant (𝑹𝑪 = 𝑻)

0 t (in m Sec)

- 5V

V
+5V V i (Input square wave) ≈ V o (Output)
Large Time Constant (𝑹𝑪 ≫ 𝑻)

0 t (in m Sec)

- 5V

RESULT:
Hence the RC Integrator & RC Differentiator circuits were designed and output
waveforms are verified.

9
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

10
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
NON LINEAR WAVE SHAPING – CLIPPERS
AIM:
To design and verify waveforms of different clipping circuits with different reference
voltage.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Resistors 1kΩ (1No.)
2. Diode 1N4007 (2No.)
3. Bread Board
4. Connecting wires
5. CRO & Probes
6. Function Generator
7. Regulated Power Supply (0 - 30V)
THEORY: The non-linear semiconductor diode in combination with resistor can function as
clipper circuit. Energy storage components like capacitor etc. are not required in the basic process of
clipping. These circuits will select part of an arbitrary waveform which lies above or below
some particular reference voltage level and that selected part of the waveform is used for
transmission. So they are referred as voltage limiters, current limiters, amplitude selectors or slicers.

There are three different types of clipping circuits.

1) Positive Clipping circuit.
2) Negative Clipping.
3) Positive and Negative Clipping (slicer).
In positive clipping circuit positive cycle of Sinusoidal signal is clipped and negative
Portion of sinusoidal signal is obtained in the output. If reference voltage is added, instead of
complete positive cycle that portion of the positive cycle which is above the reference voltage value
is clipped. In negative clipping circuit instead of positive portion of sinusoidal signal, negative
Portion is clipped. In slicer both positive and negative portions of the sinusoidal signal are clipped.
Operation can be explained based on equations as shown below:
1. When Vi < VR + Vγ, Diode is reverse biased (OFF). Output follows the input.
2. When Vi > VR + Vγ, Diode is forward biased (ON). And the Output is equal to (VR + Vγ).
Here Vi is Supplied input voltage, VR is connected reference voltage, Vγ is diode cut-in voltage

11
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
APPLICATIONS:
1. Used in radars, digital computers and other electronic systems for removing unwanted portions of
the input signal voltages above or below a specified level.
2. used in radio-receivers for communication circuits where noise pulses that rise well above the
signal amplitude are clipped down to the desired level.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS MODEL GRAPHS

Input Waveforms Output waveforms

1) Positive clipper:

2) Positive clipper with positive reference voltage:

3) Positive clipper with negative reference voltage:

12
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

4) Negative clipper:

5) Negative clipper with negative reference voltage:

6) Negative clipper with positive reference:

7) Slicer (Two level clippers):

13
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Tabular column:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit elements as shown in the Circuit Diagram.
2. A Sinusoidal voltage of 10V and frequency of 1kHz is applied
to the circuit as an input.
3. Note down the corresponding output wave forms from C.R.O and
Enter the values in table.
4. Plot the graph from above readings.

14
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

RESULT:
Hence different clipping circuits were designed and corresponding outputs were verified.

15
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

16
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
NON LINEAR WAVE SHAPING – CLAMPERS
AIM:
To design and verify the characteristics of different clamping circuits with different reference
voltage.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Capacitor 10 μ F (1 No)
2. Diode IN4007 (1 No)
3. Bread Board
4. Connecting wires
5. CRO & Probes
6. Function Generator

THEORY:

“A clamping circuit is one that takes an input waveform and provides an output that is
a faithful replica of its shape but has one edge tightly clamped to the zero voltage
reference point”.

There are various types of Clamping circuits, which are mentioned below:
1. Positive Clamping Circuit.
2. Negative Clamping Circuit.
3. Positive Clamping with positive reference voltage.
4. Negative Clamping with positive reference voltage.
5. Positive Clamping with negative reference voltage.
6. Negative Clamping with negative reference voltage.

17
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: MODEL GRAPH:

INPUT WAVEFORM OUTPUT WAVEFORM

1. Positive Clamping Circuit:

2. Positive Clamping with negetive reference voltage:

3. Positive Clamping with Positive reference voltage:

18
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

4. Negative Clamping Circuit:

5. Negative Clamping with positive reference voltage:

6. Negative Clamping with negative reference voltage:

19
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit elements as shown in the Circuit Diagram.
2. A Sinusoidal voltage of 10V and frequency of 1kHz Hz is applied
to the circuit as an input.
3. Note down the corresponding output wave forms in C.R.O and
plot the graph.
TABULATION
[Link] Type of clamping Reference voltage Amplitude (v) Time period (ms)

APPLICATIONS:
1. Used in T.V receivers as dc restorers.
2. Used in test equipment, radar systems, electronic countermeasure systems, and sonar
systems

20
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

RESULT:
Hence different clamping circuits were designed and outputs were verified.

21
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

22
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH
AIM:
To construct and verify the switching characteristics of the transistor.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Transistor BC 547 ---------- 1No
2. Capacitor 10 μ F ------------1No
3. Resistors 100Ω, 1K Ω, 2.2KK Ω ---- 1No each
4. Bread Board
5. Connecting wires as required
6. CRO & Probes
7. Function Generator
8. Regulated Power Supply (0 - 30V)
THEORY:
The operation of a transistor as a switch can be illustrated using circuit diagram. When the
input voltage is negative or zero, then is in cut off and so no current flows through RC. Hence the
output voltage is equal to Vcc. When its voltage jumps to the voltage “V”, the transistor will be
drawn into saturation.
Thus the transistor can turn off depending upon whether input voltage is positive or negative.
Thus the transistor can acts as a switch. When no signal is applied the transistor will be held in
saturation by the connection of base to supply voltage through the resistor.

23
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
+ Vcc

R2 = R3 =
2.2KΏ 1KΏ

R1 = C=
100 Ω 10μ F C
+
Q= Vo
+ B BC547 Output
(In CRO)
Vi E
Input
from FG

MODEL GRAPH: TRANSISTOR PIN DETAILS:

V
+5V
BC
Input 547
Waveform 0 t

-5V
C B E

+10V V

Output
waveform
0 t

24
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit elements as shown in the Circuit Diagram.
2. Applying the square wave voltage of 10V and frequency of
1kHz Hz is applied to the circuit as an input.
3. Observe the corresponding output wave form at the collector
of the transistor.
4. Note down the corresponding values from C.R.O and plot the graph.

TABULATION

[Link] Input Output

Vpp Vpp

Vmax Vmax

Vmin Vmin

Time Period Time Period

25
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

26
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

RESULT:
The switching characteristics of the transistor are verified and output waveform is plotted.

27
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

28
 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR

AIM:
To study and verify the characteristics of an Astable Multivibrator.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Transistor BC 547 ------------------- 2 No’s
2. Capacitor 0.01 μ F --------------------2 No’s
3. Resistors 1K Ώ, 33K Ώ ------- each 1No
4. Bread Board
5. Connecting wires as required
6. CRO & Probes
7. Function Generator
8. Regulated Power Supply (0 - 30V)

THEORY:
Astable multivibrator has two quasi – states and it keeps on vibrating between these two
states by itself. No external signal is needed. The astable remains indefinitely in any of these two
states.
Assuming that the multivibrator is already in action and is switching between two states. Let
it be further observed that at the instant considered Q1 is OFF and Q2 is ON. Since Q2 is ON, the
capacitor is charged through RC1 and capacitor C1 discharges through R1 the voltage across C1 when
it is about to start discharging in Vcc.

As capacitor C1 discharges more and more the identical at the point A becomes more and
more positive, and eventually VA = Vr the cut in voltage Q1 states conducting. When Q1 is ON Q2
becomes OFF.
Similar operation repeats when Q1 becomes ON and Q2 becomes OFF and vice versa.

29
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

+ Vcc

RC1 = R2= R1= RC2 =

1KΏ 33KΏ 33KΏ 1KΏ

C2 = 0. 01μ F C1 = 0. 01μ F

C D

Q1 = c c Q2 =
BC 547 A B BC547
b b
E E
e e

TRANSISTOR PIN DETAILS:

BC
547

C B E

30
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
MODEL GRAPH:

VB Q2 ON Q1 ON
Q1 OFF Q2 OFF
VBE (SAT)
0 t

C2
Dis charging

VC Square wave
output

VCE (SAT)
0 t

VA

VBE (SAT)
0 t

C1
Dis charging

VD

Square wave
VCE (SAT) output

0 t

VB = Input Voltage at base of Q2

VC = Input Voltage at collector of Q1
VA = Input Voltage at base of Q1
VD = Input Voltage at collector of Q2

31
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Take the output across the collector considering Q1 is OFF and Q2 is ON, we get Vc2.
3. Now connect the wire across the base also and take the output VB2 and repeat with Q1 ON
and Q2 OFF.
4. The required waveforms are taken from the CRO.

[Link] PARAMETERS Amplitude (v) Time period (ms)

VBESAT
VA
VMAX

VMIN
VBESAT
VB
VMAX

VMIN
VCESAT
VC
VMAX

VMIN
VCESAT
VD
VMAX

VMIN

32
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

RESULT:
The Astable multivibrator is studied and its output waveforms were verified.

33
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

34
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________

SCHMITT TRIGGER
AIM:
To construct and study the characteristics of Schmitt Trigger.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. Transistor BC 547 ---------------- 2 No’s
2. Capacitor 100 μF, 0.01 μF ------ 1 No each
3. Resistors 100 Ώ ------------------- 1 No
820 KΏ ---------------- 2 No’s
1 KΏ ------------------- 4 No’s
10 KΏ ----------------- 1 No
4. Bread Board
5. Connecting wires as required
6. CRO & Probes
7. Function Generator
8. Regulated Power Supply (0 - 30V)
THEORY:
Schmitt trigger is a special type of Bistable multivibrator in which it differs from basic
binary circuit in that resistive coupling between the output of Q2 and the input of Q1 of the basic
circuit is missing, although the collector of Q1 and the base of Q2 are coupled. Therefore Schmitt
trigger can also be called as Emitter coupled binary. The emitters of Q1 & Q2 are joined and they are
grounded through a common resistor RE . The input voltage source Vi is given to the base of Q1 .
The value of input voltage which makes Q1 conduct is termed as Upper triggering point or Upper
trip point (UTP). Similarly the value of input voltage which makes Q2 conduct again is termed as
Lower triggering point or Lower trip point (LTP).

35
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

+ Vcc
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

R3 = R4 =
1KΏ 1KΏ +

R5 = 1KΏ
Vo
_

C2 =0.02 μF

C C R6 =
C1 = R2 = Q1 & Q 2 = 10KΏ
100μ F 820Ώ BC 547
+ B B B

R1 = R7 =
1KΏ 820Ώ
+ E E

Vi R8 =
100Ώ

36
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

MODEL GRAPH:

Vin
UTP

LTP

0 t

Vo

DC Shift

0 t

The values of UTP & LTP is given by

UTP = Vγ + i C2 RE and
LTP = VBE ( ACTIVE) + i C2 RE

37
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Apply the voltage VCC = 12V.
3. A sine wave of amplitude 10V is applied as an input to the circuit through the base of Q1.
4. The values of UTP and LTP were noted down from the waveforms obtained from the CRO
and the graph was plotted.

[Link] Input Output

Vpp Vpp

Vmax Vmax

Vmin Vmin

Time Period DC Shift

Time Period

38
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

RESULT:
Thus the Schmitt Trigger circuit was constructed and UTP, LTP values were noted.
UTP = ___________ V
LTP = ___________ V

39
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

40
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
STUDY OF LOGIC GATES
AIM:
To verify the truth tables of different logic gates.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1. IC’s 74LS08, 74LS32, 74LS04, 74LS00, 74LS02, 74LS86 ( each 1No)
2. Light Emitting Diode (LED)
3. Bread Board
4. Connecting wires as required
5. Fixed Power Supply (0 - 5V)
THEORY:

A logic gate is an electronic circuit which makes logical decisions. To arrive at this
decisions, the most common logic gates used are OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates.
The NAND and NOR gates are called as the universal gates. The exclusive OR gate is another
logic gate which can be constructed during basic gates such as AND, OR and NOT gates.
Logic gates have two or more inputs and only one output except for the NOT gate, which has
only one input. The output signal appears only for certain combinations of the input signal.
The manipulation of binary information is done by the gates. The logic gates are the building
blocks of hardware which are available in the form of various IC families. Each gate has a
distinct logic symbol and its operation can be described by means of an algebraic function. The
relationship between the input and output variables of each gate can be represented in tabular
form called truth table.

AND: This operation is represented as ‘dot’. The IC number of AND gate is 74LS08. The output of
logical operation AND is 1 if and only if both inputs are 1 in all other cases it is 0.
Z=A.B
Inputs Output
A A B Y
Y 0 0 0
B
Y=A.B 0 1 0
1 0 0
74 LS 08
1 1 1

41
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
OR: This operation is represented as ‘plus’. The IC number of OR gate is 74LS32. The output of
logical operation OR is 1 if any one of the input is 1. If both the inputs are 0, the output is 0.
Z=A+B

Inputs Output
A B Y
A
0 0 0
Y 0 1 1
B 1 0 1
Y=A+B 1 1 1
74 LS 32

NOT: This operation is represented by a ‘bubble’ before a common gate. The IC number of NOT
gate is 74LS04. The output NOT gate is 1 if the input is 0 and vice versa
Z=A

Input Output
A Y
A Y
0 1
Y=A 1 0

74 LS 04
NAND: This operation is a compliment of the AND function. It is graphically represented by an
AND gate followed by a bubble. The IC number of NAND gate is 74LS00. The output is 1, if any
of the input is [Link] output is 0 if both the inputs are 1.
Inputs Output
Z=A.B
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
A
Y 1 0 1
B 1 1 0
Y=A.B

74 LS 00

42
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

NOR: This operation is a compliment of the OR function. It is graphically represented by an OR

gate followed by a bubble. The IC number of NOR gate is 74LS02. The output of logical operation
NOR is 0, if any one of the input is 1. The output is 1, if both the inputs are 0.
Z=A+B

Inputs Output
A
A B Y
Y 0 0 1

B 0 1 0
Y=A+B 1 0 0
74 LS 02
1 1 0

EX - OR: The EXCLUSIVE – OR gate has a graphic symbol similar to that of OR gate except for
the additional curved lines on the input side. If both the inputs are same the output is 0 otherwise the
output is 1.
Z=A.B+A.B

Inputs Output
A
A B Y
Y 0 0 0
0 1 1
B
Y=A B 1 0 1
74 LS 86
1 1 0

43
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
PIN DIAGRAMS OF ALL LOGIC GATES:
AND GATE OR GATE

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

VCC VCC

IC 74 LS 08 IC 74 LS 32

GND GND

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

NOT GATE NAND GATE

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

VCC VCC

IC 74 LS 04 IC 74 LS 00

GND GND

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

NOR GATE EX - OR GATE

14 13 12 11 10 9 8 14 13 12 11 10 9 8

VCC VCC

IC 74 LS 02 IC 74 LS 86

GND GND

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

44
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

PROCEDURE:
[Link] IC’s are placed on the bread board.
2. A voltage of +5V is applied to pin no.14 and –Ve is applied to pin no.7.
3. Inputs and Outputs are connected according the gates which are taken.
4. For the input 1 we have to connect the input terminal to +5V and for 0
to –Ve.
5. Output is verified in LED. If the LED is ON the output is 1, if OFF output is 0.
6. According to the Logic gates truth table we have to verify the inputs and outputs.

RESULT:
The truth tables of different Logic gates are verified.

45
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

46
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
3-8 DECODER-IC 74X138
AIM: To verify the truth table of 3-8 Decoder.

APPARATUS:
1. Digital IC Trainer Kit.
2. Patch Cards.
3. IC 74X138.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the parameters as per pin configuration.
2. Switch on the experimental kit.
3. Vary the input according to the truth table.
4. Repeat the same procedure for different values of input.
5. Compare the output values according to the input values.

PIN CONFIGURATION:

47
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

TRUTH TABLE:

LOGIC SYMBOL:

48
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

LOGIC DIAGRAM:

RESULT:

49
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

50
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
8-3 PRIORITY ENCODER – IC 74X148

AIM: To verify the truth table of 8-3 Priority Encoder.

APPARATUS:
1. Digital IC Trainer Kit.
2. Patch Cards.
3. IC 74X148.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the parameters as per pin configuration.
2. Switch on the experimental kit.
3. Vary the input according to the truth table.
4. Repeat the same procedure for different values of input.
5. Compare the output values according to the input values.
PIN CONFIGURATION:

51
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

TRUTH TABLE:

LOGIC SYMBOL:

52
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
LOGIC DIAGRAM

RESULT:

53
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

54
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
8X1 MULTIPLEXER – IC 74X151

AIM: To verify the truth table of 8X1 Multiplexer.

APPARATUS:
1. Digital IC Trainer Kit.
2. Patch Cards.
3. IC 74X151.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the parameters as per pin configuration.
2. Switch on the experimental kit.
3. Vary the input according to the truth table.
4. Repeat the same procedure for different values of input.
5. Compare the output values according to the input values.
PIN CONFIGURATION:

55
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
TRUTH TABLE:

LOGIC SYMBOL:

56
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

LOGIC DIAGRAM:

RESULT:

57
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

58
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
2X4 DEMULTIPLEXER – IC 74X155

AIM: To verify the truth table of 1X4 Demultiplexer.

APPARATUS:
1. Digital IC Trainer Kit.
2. Patch Cards.
3. IC 74X155.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the parameters as per pin configuration.
2. Switch on the experimental kit.
3. Vary the input according to the truth table.
4. Repeat the same procedure for different values of input.
5. Compare the output values according to the input values.

PIN CONFIGURATION:

59
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

TRUTH TABLE:

LOGIC SYMBOL:

60
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
LOGIC DIAGRAM:

RESULT:

61
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

62
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

Exp No: Date:

______________________________________________________________________________
4-BIT COMPARATOR – IC 74X85

AIM: To verify the truth table of 4-bit comparator.

APPARATUS:
1. Digital IC Trainer Kit.
2. Patch Cards.
3. IC 74X85.

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the parameters as per pin configuration.
2. Switch on the experimental kit.
3. Vary the input according to the truth table.
4. Repeat the same procedure for different values of input.
5. Compare the output values according to the input values.

PIN CONFIGURATION:

63
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual
TRUTH TABLE:

LOGIC SYMBOL:

64
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering SVCET ADC lab manual

LOGIC DIAGRAM:

RESULT:

65