1

THE EVALUATION OF THE PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM IN CEBU

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SAN FRANCISCO CAMPUS

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
San Francisco Campus
San Francisco, Cebu

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course IM 328 – PRODUCT OUTPUT
(RESEARCH) OF BACHELOR OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MAJOR IN
COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY

ADRIAN MUAÑA
BILLSIAN MUAÑA
DANICA YAMAS
ELJOY PLEÑOS
JOHN DEMBER CHAN
PAUL HENRY GARCIANO
RALPH ARIAS
RIENA MAE CARDIÑO

MAY 2024
 2

ABSTRACT
THE EVALUATION OF THE PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM IN CEBU
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SAN FRANCISCO
Authors:
Adrian Muaña (adrianmuana@[Link]),
Billsian Muaña([Link]@[Link]),
Danica Yamas(danicayamas@[Link]),
Eljoy Pleños(eljoyplenos@[Link]),
John Dember Chan([Link].98@[Link]),
Paul Henry Garciano(garcianopaulhenry22@[Link]),
Ralph Arias(fariasr4p@[Link]),
Riena Mae Cardiño(rienamaecardino@[Link])

Cebu Technological University- San Francisco Campus

The purpose of this research was to comprehend and value

the operational principles of Public Address systems, including their
design, uses, and everyday operations. This study specifically
sought to define the function and dependability of PA systems as a
communications instrument. The device's design was informed by
the instructors ideas on how the system would best meet the goals
of the organization. The tool's benefits and drawbacks were also
covered. To evaluate the project's importance, weighted means
were calculated. The project's ability to combine and amplify signals
from various inputs indicates that it can function as an optional
sound reinforcement system, according to the results. The ability for
students to communicate with one another via a sound amplification
system helps the student body as a whole. Additionally, this lessens
the limitations caused by a weak sense of communication within a
small range. However, the concerned students also concur that,
given their limited gadget expertise, it is quite challenging to
guarantee the correctness of the dates derived from the exam
results. Future researchers could simply implement the suggested
improvements to make the project better. Additionally, this
technology has been linked to legal consultation. As reported in the
literature, these results unmistakably highlight the necessity of a
few more resources from earlier research as well as instructor
guidance to guarantee the validity and trustworthiness of the results
produced. Items that indicate a shortage of components need to be
removed. Furthermore, merging the thoughts and ideas developed
from the prototype versions can lead to more successful project
enhancement and appraisal outcomes.
 3

Keywords: Public address system, communication, prototype

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, praises and thanks to God, the Almighty,

for His showers of blessings throughout our research and its

successful completion.

The researchers would also like to express our deep and

sincere gratitude to our research instructor, Mr. Jester Carl N.

Tinagan for providing us invaluable supervision, and support during

the course of our research study. We would also like to thank her for

her empathy, patience, and knowledge that she imparts unto us. It

was a great privilege and honor to work and study under her

guidance.

The researchers' gratitude also extends to Mrs. Mc Stevenson

G. Nudalo without him, our research paper would not be possible.

Last but not the least, to our dearest parents for their deep

consideration for the finances and undying support throughout the

making of the research study. As well as for their words of

encouragement to all those nights that we've spent making the

research study.

-The Researchers
4
 5

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES

PAGE

Title Page...............................................................................i

Approval Sheet......................................................................ii

Abstract.................................................................................iii

Acknowledgement.................................................................iv

Table of Contents..................................................................v

List of Tables.........................................................................viii

List of Figures........................................................................ix

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study.................................................2

Theoretical of the Study...............................................5

Statement of the Study................................................10

Significance of the Study............................................11

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design........................................................12
 6

Research Environment..............................................14

Research Respondent.......................................................16

Research Instrument........................................................17

Procedures of Gathering Data..........................................17

DEFINATION OF TERMS..........................................................18

CHAPTER

2 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRTATION OF DATA

Profile of the Respondents.............................................19

Functionality of Public Address System..........................20

Significance of Public Address System...........................22

Minimum Standard of Public Address System.................24

CHAPTER

3 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary.........................................................................26

Findings...........................................................................26

Conclusions.....................................................................27

Recommendations...........................................................27
 7

CHAPTER

4 OUTPUT OF THE STUDY

Rationale....................................................................29

Objectives...................................................................30

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………32

APPENDICES…………………………………………………………….35
A Transmittal Letter.....................................................36

B Adviser-Advisee Agreement Form............................37

C Survey Questionnaire...............................................39

D Similarity Index Certificate.......................................43

E Curriculum Vitae....................................................... 47
 8

LIST OF TABLES

Table
Page

1 Profile of the Respondent.......................................19

2 Functionality of Public Address System..................20

3 Significance of Public Address System...................22

4 Minimum Standard of Public Address System.......24

5 Estimated Budget for Implementation of Public Address

system Enhancement Plan....................................30

LIST OF FIGURES
 9

Figure Description

Page

1 Theoretical Framework of the

Study…………………….6

2 Flow of the Study…………………………………………...13

3 Location of the Study……………………………………….15

 2

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

Public address system is an audio system that amplifies

sound; it is used in a variety of locations, such as live music venues,

conference rooms, and educational facilities. A public address

system normally consists of multiple components, including

speakers, amplifiers, and a mixer. Public address systems help to

promote diversity and accessibility of information by reaching

people with varying abilities, whether it be through emergency

notifications, regular announcements, or event coordination.

Public address systems (PA systems) offer several

advantages, but they also come with some disadvantages. It's

important to carefully consider these factors to determine the

appropriateness of a PA system for a specific environment. When

considering the implementation of a PA system, it's essential to

weigh these advantages and disadvantages in the context of the

specific environment and the needs of the intended users. Proper

planning, maintenance, and responsible use can help mitigate

potential drawbacks while maximizing the benefits of a public

address system in campus (Adekeye, 2021).

 3

However, PA systems have drawbacks. Their reliance on electricity

poses a significant weakness, rendering them unusable during

power outages without backup sources. Electronic nature makes

them susceptible to technical issues, necessitating regular

maintenance (Kornienkov, 2014). The cost, including installation

and ongoing expenses, can strain organizations with limited funding

(Bauserman, 2013). In certain situations, the impersonal nature of

PA systems is apparent, lacking the immediate personal touch of

face-to-face contact. Improper or excessive use may lead to noise

pollution and disturb unintended recipients. Inadequate

management can result in inappropriate messages, raising privacy

concerns in places like companies or residential buildings. These

flaws underscore the importance of careful planning and

management when integrating PA systems into diverse scenarios.

The PA system is an essential part of campus infrastructure

that is vital to the distribution of important information in a dynamic

and diversified setting. This study seeks to determine how well the

system meets the specific communication demands of the campus

community by carefully examining a number of functional aspects,

such as coverage, audibility, and user interface. By examining these

factors, we hope to improve the PA system's general

responsiveness and dependability while also identifying possible

areas for development, which will help to create a safer and better-

informed campus community.

 4

There are various important reasons why this study,

which evaluated the public address system at the Cebu

Technological University San Francisco Campus, is conducted. it

ensures compliance with International Standard Commission (ISO)

standards by functionality and significance. And also pinpoints areas

that require improvement by assessing future

scalability, user-friendliness, and technical performance. In the end,

this assessment guides strategic planning for enhanced campus

communication infrastructure, supports upgrades, and weighs the

costs and advantages of those changes. Consequently, this study

enhances overall campus community satisfaction, safety, and

communication efficacy.

The study is designed to thoroughly evaluate the settings and

effectiveness of the public address system at CTU-San Francisco.

The primary aim is to identify specific areas where improvements

can be made to enhance the clarity, immediacy, and consistency of

communication across the campus. This comprehensive assessment

will involve a detailed examination of the current configuration and

performance of the public address system, with a focus on how it

supports and facilitates effective communication in various

scenarios.

In addition to evaluating the present system, the study will

delve into the fundamental principles underlying how public address

systems operate. It will explore the technical and operational

 5

aspects of these systems, assessing their role in advancing the field

of communication and security systems.

 6

Theoretical Background

This study is anchored by the communication theory Shannon

& Weaver (1948).

Communication theory studies the process of communication,

including the transmission, reception, and interpretation of

messages. Public address systems can be used to improve

communication on campus by providing a way to reach a large

audience quickly and efficiently.

According to Anaeto, Osifeso and Onabajo (2008), Shannon

and Weaver’s communication models displays the dynamic process

of information transmission from sender to receiver is depicted in

the communication model. The sender, or information source,

initiates communication by sending a message to the receiver over

a channel. The communication is processed for the receiver’s

ultimate usage at the destination stage.

Project specs rule the public address systems world. As a legal

blueprint, these comprehensive documents precisely describe the

intended features, parts, and functionality of the system. Their job

is to guarantee that the finished output is in line with the original

concept, starting from identifying the purpose (background music,

emergency alerts, paging) and ending with equipment brands and

installation requirements. A successful method is eventually

achieved through the legal agreement, which protects against

miscommunication.
 7

Legal Basis
Theory
DEPARTMENT ORDER
Communication Theory No. 232 Series of 2016
Shannon & Weaver
(1948) BS 6259:1997 Code of
practice for the
planning, installation,
testing and
maintenance of sound
systems

Public Address
System

Enhancement Plan

Figure 1. Theoretical Framework of the Study

Department Order No. 232 Series of 2016 (DO 232-2016) is a

critical regulatory framework in the Philippines aimed at ensuring

the safe and effective installation of sound systems. By mandating

 8

adherence to the BS 62339-1997 code of practice, DO 232-2016

provides a comprehensive set of guidelines designed to address and

mitigate the electrical hazards associated with sound system

installations. This regulation plays a vital role in safeguarding public

safety by enforcing standards that prevent electrical faults and

ensure that sound systems function properly, thereby reducing the

risk of accidents and ensuring the reliability of sound installations in

various environments. The emphasis on compliance with the BS

62339-1997 code highlights the importance of following established

best practices to achieve both safety and functionality in sound

system setups.

In addition to its focus on safety, DO 232-2016 serves to

enhance the overall quality of sound system installations by

promoting standardized practices across the industry. The

regulation facilitates a more consistent and professional approach

to installation, which helps improve service quality and compliance

with safety standards. By fostering a standardized business

environment, DO 232-2016 encourages industry stakeholders to

adopt uniform procedures and maintain high operational standards.

This regulatory approach not only bolsters consumer confidence but

also contributes to the development of a more robust and reliable

sound system infrastructure in the Philippines. The implementation

of DO 232-2016 represents a significant step toward advancing

 9

industry practices and ensuring that sound system installations

meet rigorous safety and performance criteria.

BS 6259:1997 remains a cornerstone for understanding and

evaluating public address systems. Effective PA design and

operation are continuously supported by its fundamental principles

of intelligibility, coverage, reliability, and usefulness. With a

thorough examination of the theoretical foundations of

electroacoustics, psychoacoustics, and acoustics, the standard

enables knowledgeable choices about system layout and parts.

Additionally, it provides helpful resources for assessing current

systems, pinpointing areas in need of development, and

guaranteeing adherence to fundamental standards all of which are

critical elements for academic establishments such as CTU San

Francisco. Although there are other standards, knowing the

background and flexibility of BS 6259:1997 helps explain how PA

technology has changed over time and motivates the creation of

new assessment techniques.

BS 6259:1997 remains a foundational standard for the design,

evaluation, and operation of public address (PA) systems, providing

essential guidelines that address key aspects such as intelligibility,

coverage, reliability, and overall usefulness. This standard is

grounded in the theoretical principles of electroacoustics,

psychoacoustics, and acoustics, offering a robust framework for

making informed decisions regarding system layout and component

 10

selection. By emphasizing the importance of these principles, BS

6259:1997 enables practitioners and researchers to conduct

thorough evaluations of PA systems, identify areas for

improvement, and ensure compliance with critical operational

standards. For academic institutions such as CTU San Francisco,

adhering to this standard is crucial for maintaining the integrity and

efficacy of PA systems within educational environments.

Furthermore, BS 6259:1997 provides valuable resources for

assessing existing PA systems, offering benchmarks for

performance and guidelines for necessary upgrades. The standard's

comprehensive approach not only facilitates a deeper

understanding of how PA systems function but also highlights the

evolution of PA technology over time. Its flexible nature allows for

the adaptation of new assessment techniques, reflecting

advancements in technology and changing user requirements. The

ongoing refinement of the standard underscores its relevance in

adapting to emerging trends and innovations in audio technology.

Additionally, the standard supports the development of best

practices in PA system installation and maintenance, promoting

consistency and reliability across various applications. By analyzing

the background and adaptability of BS 6259:1997, researchers and

practitioners can better appreciate the development of PA systems

and drive innovation in evaluation methodologies. This ongoing

 11

relevance underscores the standard’s role in shaping best practices

and advancing the field of public address systems.

 12

Statement of the Problem

This study evaluates the of public address systems

on CTU-San Francisco Campus settings. Identify areas for

improvement to ensure clear, immediate, and consistent

communication. And the enhancement of Public Address

System plan to Cebu Technological University – San

Francisco Campus.

1. What is the status of the public address system in CTU-San

Francisco in terms of:

1.1.1 functionality;

1.1.2 significance; and,

1.1.3 minimum standard?

2. What enhancement plan can be proposed based on the

findings?
 13

Significance of the Study

Future Researcher: The findings of this study may provide the

foundation for future research aimed at enhancing campus

communication.

School Administrator: The findings of this study might act as a

wake-up call for the development of further innovative safety and

communication tools for the campus.

Security Personnel: This study serves as an essential tool for

emergency communication, mass notification, crowd control,

surveillance, deterrence coordination, and information

dissemination. It improves security personnel’s capacity to respond

to emergencies, and maintain control in a variety of situations.

Students: The study aims to improve efficient communication,

encouraging positive learning environments.

Faculty: The study helped them how to disseminate effective

resources for their lectures. How provide prompt and clear

communication, assist emergency response protocols and foster an

inclusive learning environment.

School Administrator: The findings of this study could draw

people's eyes to the need for more inventive and safe

communication and safety devices on campus.

 14

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This part presented the research methods that is being used

in the study. It included the research design, flow of the study,

research environment, research instruments, and research

procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of public

address system in Cebu Technological University- San Francisco.

Research Design

A descriptive design method would be used to evaluate the

public address system at CTU-SF. To gather comprehensive data, an

adapted questionnaire has been developed as the primary data

collection instrument. This method is appropriate and relevant

particularly at evaluating the public address system in CTU- SF. This

will obtain data from the respondent through survey.

The Flow of the Study

Figure 2 presented the flow of the research process, namely

the input, process, and expected output of the study. Under the

inputs are the data needed by the researchers to conduct the study.

And the process method used by the researchers in performing the

study. And lastly, the possible plan for implementing a public

address system.
 15

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. What is the
-Consent
status of the -Transmittal
Letter Enhancement
PAS in CTU-San Figure-Treatment
2. Flow of the
of study Plan
Data
Francisco in -Analysis of
Data
terms of: -Findings
-Conclusion
1.1functionality;

1.2 significance;

and,

1.3minimum

standard?

Research Environment

The Cebu Technological University-San Francisco Campus,

located in Talisay, Northern Poblacion, San Francisco, Cebu, will be

the site of this study. This campus serves as a satellite location of

CTU Main Campus in Cebu City and is the sole university in the

Camotes Islands of Cebu, Philippines. The campus is approximately

one kilometer away from the town center of San Francisco, which

falls within the 5th district of Cebu province.

The CTU – San Francisco Campus provide a wide array of

degree programs These include College of Technology and

 16

Engineering, Bachelor of Science in Industrial Engineering (BSIE),

Bachelor of Science in Fisheries (BSFI), and Bachelor of Industrial

Technology Majors in Computer Technology and Electronics

Technology (BIT-CT and BIT-ET). Besides, they offer the College of

Education majors in Mathematics and Sciences for Secondary

Education namely the BSEd – Mathematics, BSEd –Science, for

Technology and Livelihood Education and for Elementary Education,

Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd). And finally, they offer the

Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) and

Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management (BSTM) under the

College of Business Management.

 17

Figure 3. Location Map of the Study

Research Respondent
 18

In this study conducted, the respondents consisted of MIS

employees and security personnel from Cebu Technological

University (CTU) San Francisco. Since they are in charge of

overseeing the university's information systems and security

activities, it is very important that MIS staff members and security

professionals from Cebu Technological University (CTU) San

Francisco be included as replies. Their knowledge and expertise

offer insightful viewpoints on the difficulties and ideal procedures in

the particular setting of the university's technology and security

infrastructure. The study's conclusions are guaranteed to be based

on the real-world challenges faced by individuals in charge of

overseeing and executing these systems on a daily basis because of

this focus on those who manage these crucial areas.

The study obtains a deeper grasp of the particular issues

and procedures pertaining to information systems management and

security at CTU San Francisco by surveying these personnel. Their

personal experiences give the study's findings important context,

enabling a more in-depth examination of the administration and

security of these systems. The conclusions reached are also

guaranteed to be immediately applicable to the continuing efforts to

enhance and safeguard the university's IT infrastructure because of

the focus on individuals who oversee these crucial areas.

Research Instrument
 19

In this study, the researchers employed an adapted

questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. A

questionnaire that the researchers will use was originated from “The

General Specification for Public Address System by Electrical &

Mechanical Services Department. By adapting this questionnaire,

researcher will use this as instrument to facilitate and support

retrieving data for the study.

Procedures of Gathering Data

The campus director gave the researchers written consent to

distribute the surveys to the intended security personnel and MIS

staff. The researchers distributed the questionnaire to the intended

respondents after requesting permission to use it. Written

guidelines were provided to the participants, along with information

about their right to decline involvement in the study. General

instructions, the purpose of the study, and participant

confidentiality agreements were all part of informed consent. The

researchers manually tabulated, processed, and evaluated the data

after retrieving the surveys. To ensure data accuracy and reliability,

all responses were cross-checked for consistency and

completeness. The findings were then analyzed to draw meaningful

conclusions and provide actionable insights for the study.

 20

Definition of terms

To aid in a better understanding of the terminologies

pertinent to the study, the terms used are explained operationally.

Campus of Cebu Technological University at San Francisco –

Is the learning institution where the students selected as

respondents of the study are enrolled. Is a satellite campus of CTU

Main Campus, Cebu City which is situated in Cebu's northern region.

This university is a satellite campus of CTU Main Campus, Cebu City,

and the only university located in the islands of Camotes, Cebu,

Philippines. This in approximately one kilometer from the town

proper of the municipality of San Francisco, part of the 5th district in

Cebu province.

MIS- Maintenance and Information System

Public Address System- Is an audio system that amplifies sound;

it is used in a variety of locations, such as live music venues,

conference rooms, and educational facilities

School Administrator: The study's conclusions may serve as a

wake-up call for the creation of more cutting-edge safety and

communication resources for the school.

Security Personnel: This study serves as an essential tool for

emergency communication, mass notification, crowd control,

surveillance, deterrence coordination, and information

dissemination.
 21

Chapter 2

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRERATION OF DATA

This chapter addresses how data is presented, analyzed, and

interpreted, obtained from the security personnel and MIS personnel

of Cebu Technological University- San Francisco Campus, San

Francisco, Cebu. The data presented are the following: the

Management information system and the security personnel.

Profile of the Respondent

The respondents in this study consisted of security personnel and

MIS personnel from the San Francisco Campus of Cebu

Technological University, which is situated in San Francisco, Cebu.

Table 1 Profile of the Respondent

Frequency Percentage (%)

Security 3 50%
Personnel

MIS Personnel 3 50%

 22

As shown in Table 1, provides a detailed breakdown of

the respondents who completed the questionnaires distributed

at the CTU-San Francisco Campus, categorized by their roles

as either Security Personnel or MIS Personnel. The data

reveals that among the total number of respondents, 50%

were identified as Security Personnel, which corresponds to a

frequency of 3 individuals. This proportion signifies that nearly

half of the respondents were from the Security Personnel

category, highlighting their substantial presence in the survey

sample.

Conversely, the remaining 50% of respondents were

classified as MIS Personnel, with a frequency of 3 individuals.

This percentage indicates that MIS Personnel constituted a

slightly larger segment of the survey population compared to

Security Personnel. The higher representation of MIS

Personnel suggests that they were more frequently involved in

the questionnaire responses, thus contributing a greater share

to the overall data set. The distribution of respondents across

these two categories reflects a notable balance but also

underscores the relatively higher involvement of MIS

Personnel in the survey.

Table 2. Functionality of Public Address System

Category Checklist Questions Rank

 23

Functionality: Clearly defined the purpose of

the Public Address System:

General announcement
2
Emergency notification

Multi-purpose (both general

5
and emergency)

Acknowledge the importance

of clear communication for:

Safety and security

1
Information dissemination
6
Enhancing public
experience

User Needs and Experience:

Regular announcements 6
for general information

Use-friendly interfaces for

operators

Coverage and Reach:

Broad coverage for large 3

public address spaces

Targeted coverage for

3
specific zones

Customizable coverage
based on events or 2
emergencies

Emergency Preparedness:

Recognized the critical role

of the public address
5
system in emergency

Integrated with fire alarms

 24

Connection with security 1

system
3
Establish protocols for
emergency management
2

As shown in Table 2, presents the findings from an evaluation

of the Public Address (PA) system's functionality, highlighting key

strengths and weaknesses. In the Functionality category, the system

performed moderately in general announcements (Rank 2) but was

less effective in emergency notifications (Rank 5). While the

importance of safety and security communication was well-

recognized (Rank 1), enhancing the public experience was less

prioritized (Rank 6). Coverage and Reach showed a balance

between broad and targeted coverage (Rank 3 each), with a higher

emphasis on customizable coverage for specific events or

emergencies (Rank 2). Emergency Preparedness revealed strong

integration with fire alarms (Rank 1) but identified areas needing

improvement, such as connection with security systems (Rank 3)

and emergency management protocols (Rank 2). The evaluation

underscores the need for targeted improvements, including system

upgrades and regular maintenance, to ensure the PA system

effectively supports both routine and emergency communication.

Table 3. Significance of Public Address System

Significance: Specified control features for Rank

each zone:
 25

Specified control features for each

zone:
5
Volume controls

Source selection
1
Priority settings

Coverage Area (Determined

coverage area):
3
Indoor spaces
3
Outdoor spaces
4
Specific zones

Audio Quality (Specified required

audio quality standards): 6
Clear and intelligible
announcements

Defined frequency response

1
Specified signal-to-noise ratio and
distortion levels

Clear definition of the purpose of the

PA system:
6
Public announcement
2
Emergency notifications

Background music

System Components:
4
Identified and specified essential
components
5
Microphones
5
Amplifiers
6
Speakers
 26

Table 3 shows the study evaluated the system's control

features for Public Address (PA) system, focusing on control

features, coverage area, audio quality, purpose, and system

components. In the Control Features category, the evaluation shows

that source selection is prioritized (Rank 1), while volume controls

are less emphasized (Rank 5). This indicates a focus on ensuring the

correct input sources are used, possibly over the fine-tuning of

sound levels in different zones. Coverage Area assessment reveals a

balanced approach between indoor and outdoor spaces (Rank 3

each), with slightly less emphasis on specific zones (Rank 4). This

suggests that broad coverage is prioritized, but attention to detailed

zone control might be needed. Audio Quality is a critical focus, with

defined frequency response receiving the highest ranking (Rank 1).

However, the system's ability to produce clear and intelligible

announcements is ranked lower (Rank 6), pointing to a potential gap

in audio clarity, which is essential for effective communication. The

Purpose of the PA System category indicates that while emergency

notifications are somewhat prioritized (Rank 2), routine public

announcements and background music are considered less critical

(Rank 6), reflecting the system’s primary focus on emergency

communication. System Components, including microphones,

amplifiers, and speakers, are all ranked relatively low (Ranks 4, 5,

and 6, respectively).

Table 4. Minimum Standard of Public Address System

 27

Minimum Standard: Specified control features for Rank

each zone:

Installation Requirements:

Provided installation guidelines: 4

Yes 2

No

Partially

Considered environmental factors:

Weather resistance for outdoor 5

installations

Proper mounting heights for

2
speakers
1
Recommended wiring practices

Maintenance and Monitoring:

5
Outlined regular maintenance
procedures

Yes 1
No

Partially

Specified monitoring features for

system health:
6
Yes

No

Partially

Accessibility:

Ensured accessibility for users

with disabilities:

Yes 6
 28

No

Partially

Table 4 presents an assessment of the minimum standards for

the system, encompassing installation requirements, environmental

factors, maintenance and monitoring procedures, system health

monitoring features, and accessibility considerations. In Control

Features, source selection (Rank 2) is emphasized over volume

controls (Rank 4), indicating a priority on ensuring appropriate input

sources. For Installation Requirements, the availability of installation

guidelines is well-regarded (Rank 5), with environmental factors

such as weather resistance for outdoor installations receiving the

highest rank (Rank 1). Proper mounting heights and wiring practices

are noted but ranked lower (Ranks 5 and 2). Maintenance and

Monitoring show that regular maintenance procedures and

monitoring features for system health are well-addressed (Ranks 1

each), indicating robust support for system upkeep. However,

accessibility for users with disabilities is not adequately ensured

(Rank 6), highlighting a gap in meeting accessibility standards.

 29

Chapter 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusions and

recommendations of this study.

SUMMARY

This study summarizes THE EVALUATION OF PUBLIC ADDRESS

SYSTEM AT CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SAN FRANCISCO

CAMPUS. Specific sub-problems include the profile of the

respondents. It shows the functionality, significance and minimum

standard.

FINDINGS

The findings from this research explores minimum standards

for university Public Address systems, outlined in the table. These

standards cover installation, environment, maintenance,

 30

accessibility and user experience (via questionnaires). By meeting

these standards and incorporating user feedback, universities can

create robust PA system that deliver clear announcements, function

reliably and cater to a wider audience through accessibility features.

This user-centric approach ensures the PA system effectively serves

the entire university community.

CONCLUSIONS

The comprehensive evaluation ensures the CTU-SF Public

Address System meets the needs of the university community. This

promotes clear communication during announcements,

emergencies, and university events.

RECOMMENDATIONS

To further enhance CTU-SF Public Address System and ensure

it continues to serve the university effectively, several

recommendations are suggested. Regular evaluations will help

identify areas for improvement and maintain optimal performance.

Additionally, addressing background noise in specific locations

through soundproofing measures can significantly improve clarity.

Furthermore, providing regular training for staff and faculty on

proper PA system usage, particularly during emergencies, will

ensure everyone is prepared to use the system effectively. Finally,

 31

exploring the integration of the PA system with existing emergency

notification systems or adding features like zone control for targeted

announcements and pre-recorded messages can improve overall

communication efficiency and effectiveness. Implementing these

recommendations will contribute to a safer and more informed

campus environment at CTU-SF.

33

Chapter 4

OUTPUT OF THE STUDY

This chapter presents the output of the study. The data

presents the following: rationale and objectives. Enhancement the

current PA system in CTU-SF.

Rationale

The current CTU-SF public address system poses a significant

challenge to the university’s ability to safeguard its community,

optimize operation, and foster inclusivity. Upgrading the system is

crucial to address these critical areas. During emergencies, a robust

PA system is vital for ensuring a coordinated response. The current

system might lack the reach or clarity to effectively communication

critical information across the entire campus, potentially leading to

 32

confusion and hindering a swift evacuation or response. A modern

upgrade will classroom, building or outdoor areas, receives clear

and immediate instructions, minimizing confusion and ensuring a

more effective overall response during emergencies.

Finally, the current PA system might not cater to the diverse

needs of CTU-SF’s student body faculty and staff. This can create an

unwelcoming and potentially isolating environment. A modern

system with features like adjustable volume control ensures

everyone can hear announcements clearly. Compatibility with

assistive listening device fosters inclusivity for those with hearing

impairments. By promoting accessibility, the upgraded system

creates a more welcoming and supportive learning environment

where everyone feels valued and has equal access to important

information.

In essence, investing in a modern PA system goes beyond

simply making announcements. It’s strategic investment that

strengthens CTU-SF’s ability to safeguard its community during

emergencies, optimizes communication workflows for staff and

fosters a more inclusive environment for everyone on campus. This

upgraded system will empower a swift response during crises

streamline communication for staff and ensure everyone feels

valued and included. This fosters a more positive and productive

learning environment for all members of the CTU-SF community.

Objectives
 33

The objectives of this plan are the following:

1. Enhanced emergency preparedness and safety

2. Increased operational efficiency and streamlined communities

3. Improved accessibility and inclusivity for the CTU-SF

community;

Table 5. Estimated Budget for the Implementation of Public

Address System Enhancement Plan

Perso
Objecti Areas of Budget Source
n Timelin
ve Concern Strategy (Estima of
Involv e
ted) Funds
e

Introd Limited
Php
uce user Informat School
5,000 Week
and familiarit ion Adminis
Admin 3-4
Famili y Sessions tration
arize

Enhanc Potential Informat Php School Week -

e for ion 15,000 Adminis 2
Aware misuse Sessions tration (Signa
ness / , Admin Budget ge &
miscom Signage Guides
municati & ),
on User Week
 34

3-4
Guides
(Sessio
ns)

Importan
Hands-
Ensure ce of School
on
User proper Php Adminis Week
Training
Confid emergen 10,000 tration 5-6
Worksho Admin
ence cy Budget
ps
protocols

School
Adminis
Throug
Commun tration
hout
ication Budget
Implem
Campaig (Utilize
entatio
n exixting
n
channel
s)

Throug
School
hout
Conting Php Adminis
Implem
ency 5,000 tration
entatio
Budget
n

Php
TOTAL
35,000
 35

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 36

REFFERENCES

PA System General requirements. (2020.). Guangzhou DSPPA Audio

Co., Ltd. [Link]

terms/[Link]

Bhasin, H. (2023). Communication Theory: Definition, framework

and Theories. Marketing91.

[Link]

Cindy, & Cindy. (2023). Best Practices for PA Systems - CM3

building Solutions. CM3 Building

Solutions. [Link]

More than public address - the benefits of audio in education.

(2024). Axis

Communications. [Link]

audio-schools

IQBoardPublic. (2024). Public Address systems for effective

communication. Q-NEX. [Link]

address-systems-for-effective-communication/

Counan. (2024, June 28). School climate and the importance of

effective communication. Strobel

Education. [Link]

and-effective-communication/
Wikipedia contributors. (2024). Public address system.

Wikipedia. [Link]

m
 37

Yang, X., Jiang, M., & Zhao, Y. (2017). Effects of Noise on English

Listening Comprehension among Chinese College Students

with Different LearningStyles. Frontiers in

Psychology, 8. [Link]

Assessing efficacy of portable public address system during off campus

training programmes in Harda district of Madhya Pradesh. (2023).

[Link]

target=ijor:jcmsd&volume=18&issue=4&article=014

Sugawara, T., Cyr, B., Rampazzi, S., Genkin, D., & Fu, K. (2020).

Light commands: {Laser-Based} audio injection attacks on

{Voice-Controllable} systems.

[Link]

ation/sugawara
 38

APPENDICES
 39

APPENDIX A
40
 41

APPENDIX A
 42

APPENDIX C
 43

Research Questionnaire

Survey Questionnaire for the Respondents

Dear Respondent:
Good Day!
We, the researchers from BIT-CT 3D are conducting a research

study entitled "The Evaluation of Public Address System in Cebu

Technological University Campus". It aims to evaluate the

effectiveness of public address systems on college campuses by

examining their impact on student and employee awareness,

comprehension, and behavior. The study intends to gather data and

insights on how the public address system enhances the learning

environment and will assess the settings in CTU-San Francisco and

identify areas for improvement to ensure clear, immediate, and

consistent communication. Our efforts towards investigating this

issue would be ineffective without your helpful response. As a

result, we truly appreciate your cooperation in providing

comprehensive and honest responses to this form. All personal

and/or sensitive information solicited and provided through this

questionnaire shall be used strictly for the study, in compliance with

RA10173, or the Data Privacy Act of 2012.

Rest assured that all information will be kept completely

confidential.
44
 45

Questionnaire

Functionality:
1. Cleary defined the purpose of the Public Address System:
 General announcement
 Emergency notification
 Multi-purpose (both general and emergency)

2. Acknowledge the importance of clear communication for:

 Safety and security
 Information dissemination
 Enhancing public experience

3. User Needs and Experienced:

 Regular announcements for general information
 Use-friendly interfaces for operators

4. Coverage and Reach:

 Broad coverage for large public address spaces
 Targeted coverage for specific zones
 Customizable coverage based on events or emergencies

5. Emergency preparedness:
 Recognized the critical role of the public address system in
emergency
 Integrated with fire alarms
 Connection with security system
 Establish protocols for emergency management
Technicality:
1. Specified control features for each zone:
 Volume controls
 46

 Source selection
 Priority settings

2. Coverage Area (Determined coverage area)

 Indoor spaces
 Outdoor spaces
 Specific zones

3. Audio Quality (Specified required audio quality standards):

 Clear and intelligible announcements
 Defined frequency response
 Specified signal-to-noise ratio and distortion levels

4. Clear definition of the purpose of the PA system:

 Public announcement
 Emergency notifications
 Background music

5. System Components:
 Identified and specified essential components
 Microphones
 Amplifiers
 Speakers

Minimum Standard:
1. Installation Requirements:
 Provided installation guidelines:
 Yes
 No
 Partially
 47

2. Considered environmental factors:

 Weather resistance for outdoor installations
 Proper mounting heights for speakers
 Recommended wiring practices

3. Maintenance and Monitoring:

 Outlined regular maintenance procedures
 Yes
 No
 Partially

4. Specified monitoring features for system health:

 Yes
 No
 Partially

5. Accessibility:
 Ensured accessibility for users with disabilities:
 Yes
 No
 Partially

6. Included features for visual indicators during emergency alerts:

 Yes
 No
 Partially

APPENDIX D
 48

SIMILARITY INDEX

APPDENDIX E
 49

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information
Name : Adrian A. Muaña

Address : Talisay, Northern Poblacion San Francisco,

Cebu

Date of birth : July 7 2003

Place of birth : Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center

Civil status : Single

Email : [Link]@[Link]

Contact Number : 09384250844

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

College: Cebu Technological University-San Francisco Campus

High School: Camotes National High School

Elementary: Lucio O. Arquillano Integrated School

Trainings and Seminar Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 50

Personal Information

Name : Bill Sian B. Muaña

Address : Eastern Poblacion ,Poro, Cebu

Date of Birth : Agust 22,2000

Place of Birth : : Eastern Poblacion ,Poro, Cebu

Civil Status : Single

Email :[Link]@[Link]

Contact Number : 09501524795

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University- San Francisco,

Cebu

High School : Camotes Visayas Institute

Elementary : Poro Central School

Trainings and Seminars Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 51

Personal Information

Name : Danica Yamas

Address : Daan Paz, Poro, Cebu

Date of Birth : January 05, 2003

Place of Birth : San Francisco, Cebu

Civil Status : Single

Email : danicayamas@[Link]

Contact Number: 09397846408

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University- San Francisco Campus

High School: Puertobello National High School

Elementary: San Jose Elementary School

Trainings and Seminar Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 52

Personal Information

Name : Eljoy I. Pleños

Address : Paypay, Consuelo San Francisco Cebu

Date of Birth : May 27, 2003

Place of Birth : Subangdako Mandaue City

Civil Status : Single

Email :eljoyplenos@[Link]

Contact Number : 09382413761

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University- San Francisco,

Cebu

High School : Consuelo National Highschool

Elementary : Consuelo Seventh day Adventist Elementary

School

Trainings and Seminars Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 53

Personal Information

Name : John Dember S. Chan

Address : Lucbon, Consuelo, San Francisco, Cebu

Date of Birth : December 1, 2002

Place of Birth : Subangdako, Mandaue City

Civil Status : Single

Email : [Link].98@[Link]

Contact Number : 09851600523

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University-San Francisco,

Cebu

High School : Consuelo National High School

Elementary : Consuelo Elementary School

Trainings and Seminars Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 54

Personal Information

Name : Paul Henry R. Garciano

Address : Purok Orchids, San Jose, Poro, Cebu

Date of Birth : December 22, 2001

Place of Birth : San Jose, Poro, Cebu

Civil Status : Single

Email :garcianopaulhenry22@[Link]

Contact Number : 09632105076

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University- San Francisco,

Cebu

High School : San Jose National Highschool

Elementary : San Jose Elementary School

Trainings and Seminars Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 55

Personal Information

Name : Ralph Arias

Address : Can-Insing, Southern Poblacion, San Francisco

Cebu

Date of Birth : September 5, 2000

Place of Birth : Talisay Northern Poblacion,, San Francisco Cebu

Civil Status : Single

Email : [Link]@[Link]

Contact Number: 09514790804

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University- San Francisco Campus

High School: CamotesNational High School

Elementary: San Francisco Elementary School SPED Center

Trainings and Seminar Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A

 56

Personal Information

Name : Riena Mae S. Cardiño

Address : Bogo1, Consuelo, San Francisco, Cebu

Date of Birth : August 15, 2002

Place of Birth : Bogo1, Consuelo, San Francisco, Cebu

Civil Status : Single

Email : ar0823708@[Link]

Contact Number : 09076561912

Educational Background

College : Cebu Technological University-San Francisco,

Cebu

High School : Consuelo National High School

Elementary : Consuelo Seventh Day Adventist Elementary

School

Trainings and Seminars Attended: N/A

Awards Received: N/A