1

Chapter # 4

UNIT # 4
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS & ALGEBRAIC FORMULAS
Ex # 4.1 Polynomial
Algebraic Expressions The algebraic expression in which powers
When variables and constants are of variables are whole numbers is called
connected by algebraic operations like addition, polynomial.
subtraction, multiplication, division, root Rational Expression:
extraction & rising integral or fractional powers is 𝑝(𝑥)
An expression of form of where 𝑝(𝑥)
𝑞(𝑥)
called algebraic expressions.
& 𝑞(𝑥) are polynomials and 𝑞(𝑥) ≠ 0.
Variable:
A quantity that value may change within the Example:
context of problem. It is unknown value. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 1
Normally, we use English letters for variables 𝑥+9
Example: 2
4𝑥 + 10𝑥 + 11
a, d, e, x, y, z
5
Constant:
A quantity that value doesn’t change. It is a fixed Note:
value. Every polynomial 𝑝(𝑥) is a rational
Example:
m
expression but every rational expression need not
oc
4, 6, 267, 983384 to be a polynomial.
Constant Irrational Expression:
u.

1,2,3,9,22‫ دبتلیںیہنوہیتینعی‬value ‫سجیک‬

An expression which cannot be written in
24

𝑝(𝑥)
the form of
ct

𝑞(𝑥)
Variable
rfe

a,b,c,x,y,z ‫ دبتلیوہیتینعی‬value ‫سجیک‬ Term

pe

Different parts of an algebraic expression joined

by the operations of addition and subtraction are
called term.
Example
3𝑥 3 + 5√𝑥 − 7. The terms are 𝟑𝒙𝟑 , 𝟓√𝒙, −𝟕

Rules to express a rational expression in its

lowest term
𝑝(𝑥)
𝐿𝑒𝑡
𝑞(𝑥)
Step 1: Factorize both the polynomial in the
numerator and denominator.
For Addition and Subtraction and other Step 2: cancel the common factors between them.
important terminologies
Visit this video:
Example # 9
[Link]
Page # 105
 2
Chapter # 4

Ex # 4.1
Ex # 4.1 𝒙+𝒚
(iii)
Page # 106 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐
Q1: Which of the following expressions are Solution:
polynomials? 𝑥+𝑦
(i) 𝟏 − 𝟓𝒚 + 𝟖𝒚𝟐 + 𝟔𝒚𝟑 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
Ans: Polynomial and also Rational 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
2 2
=
𝑥 −𝑦 (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
𝟓 𝟑 𝑥+𝑦 1
(ii) + 2 2
=
𝒙𝟐 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟏 𝑥 −𝑦 𝑥−𝑦
Ans: Non-Polynomial but Rational So it is Not in Lowest Term:

√𝒙 Q3: Reduce the following rational expression to

(iii)
𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏 their lowest term:
Ans: Non-Polynomial but Irrational 𝒙−𝟓
(i)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙
Q2: Which of the following rational expressions are Solution:
in their lowest terms? 𝑥−5
𝟓𝒚𝟐 − 𝟓 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥
(i) m
𝑥−5 𝑥−5
oc
𝒚−𝟏 =
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 − 5)
Solution:
u.

5𝑦 2 − −5 𝑥−5 1
=
24

2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 𝑥
𝑦−1
ct

5𝑦 2 − 5 5(𝑦 2 − 1)
rfe

= 𝒕𝟑 (𝒕 − 𝟑)
𝑦−1 𝑦−1 (ii)
(𝒕 − 𝟑)(𝒕 + 𝟓)
pe

5𝑦 2 − 5 5(𝑦 + 1)(𝑦 − 1)
= Solution:
𝑦−1 𝑦−1
2 𝑡 3 (𝑡 − 3)
5𝑦 − 5
= 5(𝑦 + 1) (𝑡 − 3)(𝑡 + 5)
𝑦−1
So it is Not in Lowest Term: 𝑡 3 (𝑡 − 3) 𝑡3
=
(𝑡 − 3)(𝑡 + 5) (𝑡 + 5)
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
(ii)
𝒙−𝟐
Solution: 𝟒 𝟏
(iii) 𝒙 + 𝒙𝟒
𝑥2 − 9
𝟏
𝑥−2 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒙
𝑥 2 − 9 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) Solution:
=
𝑥−2 𝑥−2 1
We can’t solve it more 𝑥4 + 4
𝑥
So it is in Lowest Term 1
𝑥2 − 2
𝑥
Ans: It cannot be reduced further
 3
Chapter # 4

Ex # 4.1 Ex # 4.1
𝟐𝒂 + 𝟔 𝒚 𝟐𝒚
(iv) (iii) ,
𝒂𝟐 − 𝟗 𝒚+𝟒 𝒚−𝟒
Solution: Solution:
2𝑎 + 6 𝑦 2𝑦
,
𝑎2 − 9 𝑦+4 𝑦−4
2𝑎 + 6 2(𝑎 + 3) 𝑦 2𝑦
2
= = +
𝑎 − 9 (𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 3) 𝑦+4 𝑦−4
2𝑎 + 6 2 𝑦(𝑦 − 4) + 2𝑦(𝑦 + 4)
= =
𝑎2 − 9 (𝑎 − 3) (𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 − 4)
𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 2𝑦 2 + 8𝑦
2

Q4: Add the following rational expressions: =

(𝑦 + 4)(𝑦 − 4)
(i) 𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎, 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + +8𝑦
Solution: =
𝑥 2 − 42
4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 10, 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10 2
3𝑦 + 4𝑦
Now = 2
𝑥 − 16
(4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 10) + (2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10)
= 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 10 + 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 10 𝒕 𝟑𝒕
(iv) ,
Write the like term
= 4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 10 + 10
m
𝒕𝟐 − 𝟐𝟓 𝒕+𝟓
oc
Solution:
= 6𝑥 2 𝑡 3𝑡
u.

2
,
𝑡 − 25 𝑡+5
24

𝒚+𝟗 −𝟕𝒚 + 𝟕 𝑡 3𝑡
, +
ct

(ii) 𝟐 𝑡 2 − 25 𝑡 + 5
𝒚 +𝟑 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟑
rfe

𝑡 3𝑡
Solution: +
𝑦+9 −7𝑦 + 7 (𝑡 + 5)(𝑡 − 5) 𝑡 + 5
pe

2
, 𝑡 + 3𝑡(𝑡 − 5)
𝑦 +3 𝑦2 + 3
𝑦 + 9 −7𝑦 + 7 (𝑡 + 5)(𝑡 − 5)
= 2 + 2 𝑡 + 3𝑡 2 − 15𝑡
𝑦 +3 𝑦 +3
(𝑦 + 9) + (−7𝑦 + 7) 𝑡 2 − 52
= 2
3𝑡 + 𝑡 − 15𝑡
𝑦2 + 3
𝑦 + 9 − 7𝑦 + 7 𝑡 2 − 25
= 2
3𝑡 − 14𝑡
𝑦2 + 3
𝑦 − 7𝑦 + 9 + 7 𝑡 2 − 25
=
𝑦2 + 3
−6𝑦 + 16
=
𝑦2 + 3
 4
Chapter # 4

Ex # 4.1 Ex # 4.1
Q5: Subtract the first expression from the second 𝑎−3
=
in the following. (𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 3)
(i) 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 , 𝟖𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐 1
=
(𝑎 + 3)
Solution:
𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 15 , 8𝑦 2 + 2
𝒙 𝒙+𝟐
= (8𝑦 2 + 2) − (𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 − 15) (iv) ,
= 8𝑦 2 + 2 − 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 15 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟔 𝒙−𝟐
Solution:
= 8𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 2 + 15 𝑥 𝑥+2
= 7𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 17 ,
3𝑥 − 6 𝑥−2
𝟖𝒙𝟐 − 𝟕 𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕 𝑥+2 𝑥
(ii) , = −
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 𝑥 − 2 3𝑥 − 6
𝑥+2 𝑥
Solution: = −
𝑥 − 2 3(𝑥 − 2)
8𝑥 2 − 7 8𝑥 2 + 7
, 3(𝑥 + 2) − 𝑥
𝑥2 + 1 𝑥2 + 1 =
2
8𝑥 + 7 8𝑥 2 − 7 3(𝑥 − 2)
= 2 − 2 3𝑥 + 6 − 𝑥
𝑥 +1 𝑥 +1 =
(8𝑥 2 + 7) − (8𝑥 2 − 7) 3(𝑥 − 2)
= m 3𝑥 − 𝑥 + 6
oc
𝑥2 + 1 =
8𝑥 + 7 − 8𝑥 2 + 7
2 3(𝑥 − 2)
u.

= 2𝑥 + 6
𝑥2 + 1 =
24

8𝑥 − 8𝑥 2 + 7 + 7
2 3(𝑥 − 2)
= 2(𝑥 + 3)
ct

𝑥2 + 1 =
3(𝑥 − 2)
rfe

14
= 2
𝑥 +1
pe

Q6: Simplify the following.

𝟐𝒙 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟔
(i) . 𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝒂 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟗 𝒙 +𝒙
(iii) ,
𝒂−𝟑 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟗 Solution:
Solution: 2𝑥 4𝑥 − 6
. 2
1 2𝑎 6𝑥 − 9 𝑥 + 𝑥
,
𝑎−3 2
𝑎 −9 2𝑥 2(2𝑥 − 3)
= .
2𝑎 1 3(2𝑥 − 3) 𝑥(𝑥 + 1)
= 2 −
𝑎 −9 𝑎−3 2 2
= .
2𝑎 1 3 (𝑥 + 1)
= −
(𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 3) 𝑎 − 3 4
=
2𝑎 − 1(𝑎 + 3) 3(𝑥 + 1)
=
(𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 3)
2𝑎 − 𝑎 − 3
=
(𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 3)
 5
Chapter # 4

Ex # 4.1 Ex # 4.1
𝒙+𝟒 𝟐
𝒙 −𝟗 𝒑 𝒓 𝒑
(ii) . 𝟐 (ii) ÷ .
𝟑 − 𝒙 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 𝒒 𝒒 𝒒
Solution: Solution:
𝑝 𝑟 𝑝
𝑥+4 𝑥2 − 9 ÷ .
. 2 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
3−𝑥 𝑥 − 16 𝑝 𝑞 𝑝
= . .
𝑥+4 𝑥 2 − 32 𝑞 𝑟 𝑞
= . 2
−𝑥 + 3 𝑥 − 42 𝑝 1 𝑝
= . .
𝑥+4 (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3) 𝑞 𝑟 1
= . 𝑝2
−(𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)
=
1 (𝑥 + 3) 𝑞𝑟
= .
−1 (𝑥 − 4)
𝒂𝟐 − 𝟗 𝒂−𝟑
1(𝑥 + 3) (iii) ÷
= (𝒂 − 𝟔)(𝒂 + 𝟒) 𝒂 − 𝟔
−1(𝑥 − 4) Solution:
𝑥+3
= 𝑎2 − 9 𝑎−3
−𝑥 + 4 ÷
(𝑎 − 6)(𝑎 + 4) 𝑎 − 6
𝑥+3
= m (𝑎 + 3)(𝑎 − 3) 𝑎 − 6
oc
4−𝑥 = ×
(𝑎 − 6)(𝑎 + 4) 𝑎 − 3
u.

(𝑎 + 3)
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝟓 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗
24

=
(iii) . 𝟐 (𝑎 + 4)
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟔 𝒙 − 𝟐𝟓
ct

Solution: 𝑎+3
rfe

3𝑥 − 15 𝑥2 − 9 =
. 2 𝑎+4
pe

2𝑥 + 6 𝑥 − 25
3(𝑥 − 5) (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 3)
= . Ex # 4.2
2(𝑥 + 3) (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 5)
3 (𝑥 − 3) Page # 108
= .
2 (𝑥 − 5) Q1: Evaluate the following when 𝒂 = 𝟑 , 𝒃 = −𝟏 ,
3(𝑥 − 3) 𝒄 = 𝟐.
=
2(𝑥 − 5) (i) 𝟓𝒂 − 𝟏𝟎
Q7: Simplify the following. Solution:
𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎 5𝑎 − 10
(i) ÷ (𝒚 − 𝟓)
𝟑𝒚 5𝑎 − 10 = 5(3) − 10
Solution: 5𝑎 − 10 = 15 − 10
2𝑦 − 10 5𝑎 − 10 = 5
÷ (𝑦 − 5)
3𝑦
2(𝑦 − 5) 1
= ×
3𝑦 𝑦−5
2
=
3𝑦
 6
Chapter # 4

Ex # 4.2 Ex # 4.2
(ii) 𝟑𝒃 + 𝟓𝒄 Q3: Evaluate the following when 𝒌 = −𝟐 , 𝒍 = 𝟑 ,
Solution: 𝒎 = 𝟒.
3𝑏 + 5𝑐 (i) 𝒌𝟐 (𝟐𝒍 − 𝟑𝒎)
3𝑏 + 5𝑐 = 3(−1) + 5(2) Solution:
3𝑏 + 5𝑐 = −3 + 10 𝑘 2 (2𝑙 − 3𝑚)
3𝑏 + 5𝑐 = 7 𝑘 2 (2𝑙 − 3𝑚) = (−2)2 [2(3) − 3(4)]
𝑘 2 (2𝑙 − 3𝑚) = 4(6 − 12)
(iii) 𝟐𝒂 − 𝟑𝒃 + 𝟐𝒄 𝑘 2 (2𝑙 − 3𝑚) = 4(−6)
Solution: 𝑘 2 (2𝑙 − 3𝑚) = −24
2𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 2𝑐
2𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 2(3) − 3(−1) + 2(2) (ii) 𝟓𝒎√𝒌𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐
2𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 6 + 3 + 4 Solution:
2𝑎 − 3𝑏 + 2𝑐 = 13
5𝑚√𝑘 2 + 𝑙 2

Q2: Evaluate the following for 𝒙 = −𝟓 and 𝒚 = 𝟐. 5𝑚√𝑘 2 + 𝑙 2 = 5(4)√(−2)2 + (3)2

(i) 𝟕 − 𝟑𝒙𝒚 5𝑚√𝑘 2 + 𝑙 2 = 20√4 + 9
Solution: 5𝑚√𝑘 2 + 𝑙 2 = 20√13
7 − 3𝑥𝑦 m
oc
7 − 3𝑥𝑦 = 7 − 3(−5)(2) 𝒌+𝒍+𝒎
(iii)
7 − 3𝑥𝑦 = 7 − 3(−10) 𝒌𝟐 + 𝒍𝟐 + 𝒎𝟐
u.

7 − 3𝑥𝑦 = 7 + 30 Solution:
24

7 − 3𝑥𝑦 = 37 𝑘+𝑙+𝑚
ct

𝑘 + 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2
2
rfe

(ii) 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 Put the values

𝑘+𝑙+𝑚 (−2) + (3) + (4)
pe

Solution: =
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑘 2 + 𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 (−2)2 + (3)2 + (4)2
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = (−5)2 + (−5)(2) + (2)2 𝑘+𝑙+𝑚 −2 + 3 + 4
=
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 25 + (−10) + 4 𝑘2 2
+𝑙 +𝑚 2 4 + 9 + 16
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 25 − 10 + 4 𝑘+𝑙+𝑚 1+4
=
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 15 + 4 2 2
𝑘 +𝑙 +𝑚 2 13 + 16
𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 19 𝑘+𝑙+𝑚 5
2 2 2
=
𝑘 +𝑙 +𝑚 29
(iii) (𝟑𝒙)𝟐 − (𝟒𝒚)𝟐
Solution:
(3𝑥)2 − (4𝑦)2
(3𝑥)2 − (4𝑦)2 = [3(−5)]2 − [4(2)]2
(3𝑥)2 − (4𝑦)2 = [−15]2 − [8]2
(3𝑥)2 − (4𝑦)2 = 225 − 64
(3𝑥)2 − (4𝑦)2 = 161
 7
Chapter # 4

Ex # 4.2 Ex # 4.2
𝒂+𝟏 1
Q4: 𝑬𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑎+1
𝟒𝒂𝟐 + 𝟏 =2
𝟏 𝟏 4𝑎2 + 1 2
𝒂 = 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒂 = − .
𝟐 𝟐 𝑎+1 1
2
= ÷2
Solution: 4𝑎 + 1 2
𝟏 𝑎+1 1 1
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒂 = − = ×
𝟐 2
4𝑎 + 1 2 2
𝑎+1
𝑎+1 1
4𝑎2 + 1 2
=
1 4𝑎 + 1 4
𝑎+1 +1
= 2
4𝑎2 + 1 1 2 Q5: 𝑰𝒇 𝒂 = 𝟗 , 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟐, 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅
4 (2) + 1 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄
𝒔= .
1+2 𝟐
𝑎+1 2 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒇 √𝒔(𝒔 − 𝒂)(𝒔 − 𝒃)(𝒔 − 𝒄)
=
4𝑎2 + 1 4 (1) + 1 Solution:
4 Given:
3 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑎+1 𝑎 = 9 , 𝑏 = 12, 𝑐 = 15 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠 =
= 2 2
4𝑎2 + 1 1 + 1 To Find: m
oc
3
𝑎+1 √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) =?
=2
u.

4𝑎2 + 1 2 First we find:

24

𝑎+1 3 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
𝑠=
ct

2
= ÷2 2
4𝑎 + 1 2
rfe

Put the values:

𝑎+1 3 1 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
= ×
pe

2
4𝑎 + 1 2 2 𝑠=
2
𝑎+1 3 9 + 12 + 15
2
= 𝑠=
4𝑎 + 1 4 2
𝟏 36
𝑭𝒐𝒓 𝒂 = − 𝑠=
𝟐 2
𝑠 = 18
𝑎+1
Now
4𝑎2 + 1
√𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = √18(18 − 9)(18 − 12)(18 − 15)
1
𝑎+1 −2 + 1 √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = √18(9)(6)(3)
=
4𝑎2 + 1 1 2 √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = √2 × 9 × 9 × 2 × 3 × 3
4 (− ) + 1
2
−1 + 2 √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = √9 × 9 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
𝑎+1 2
= √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = √92 × 22 × 32
4𝑎2 + 1 4 (1) + 1
4
√𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = 9 × 2 × 3
1
𝑎+1
= 2 √𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = 9 × 6
4𝑎2 + 1 1 + 1
√𝑠(𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)(𝑠 − 𝑐) = 54
 8
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.3 Ex # 4.3
1. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 (ii) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒙 − 𝒚 =𝟕
2. (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 Solution:
3. 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 7
4. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 + (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) Q2, Q3(i) To Find:
5. (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 4𝑎𝑏 Q2, Q3(ii) 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =? And 𝑥𝑦 =?
6. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) Q1, Q5 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
7. (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 − (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 4𝑥𝑦 Q1, Q4, Q5 As we have
8. (𝑢 + 𝑣)2 − (𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = 4𝑢𝑣 Q6 (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )
Put the values
Ex # 4.3 (10)2 + (7)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
Page # 110 100 + 49 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
Q1: Find the value of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 and 𝒙𝒚, when: 149 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
(i) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟖, 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟑 Divide B.S by 2
Solution:
149 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 8, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 =
2 2
To Find: 149
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =? and 𝑥𝑦 =? = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
2
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 149
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 =
As we have
m 2
oc
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝒙𝒚
Also we have
u.

Put the values

(8)2 + (3)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚
24

64 + 9 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) Put the values

ct

73 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (10)2 − (7)2 = 4𝑥𝑦

rfe

Divide B.S by 2 100 − 49 = 4𝑥𝑦

pe

73 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 51 = 4𝑥𝑦
= Divide B.S by 4
2 2
73 51 4𝑥𝑦
= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 =
2 4 4
73 51
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 = = 𝑥𝑦
2 4
𝒙𝒚 51
𝑥𝑦 =
Also we have 4
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚 (iii) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟓
Put the values Solution:
(8)2 − (3)2 = 4𝑥𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
64 − 9 = 4𝑥𝑦 To Find:
55 = 4𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =? and 𝑥𝑦 =?
Divide B.S by 4 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
55 4𝑥𝑦 As we have
= (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )
4 4
55 Put the values
= 𝑥𝑦
4 (11)2 + (5)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
55
𝑥𝑦 =
4
 9
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.3 Ex # 4.3
121 + 25 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 49 − 16 = 4𝑥𝑦
146 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 33 = 4𝑥𝑦
Divide B.S by 2 Divide B.S by 4
146 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 33 4𝑥𝑦
= =
2 2 4 4
73 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 2
2 33
= 𝑥𝑦
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 73 4
33
𝒙𝒚 𝑥𝑦 =
4
Also we have
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚 Q2: Find the value of 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 and 𝒂𝒃, when
Put the values (i) 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟕, 𝒂−𝒃=𝟑
(11)2 − (5)2 = 4𝑥𝑦 Solution:
121 − 25 = 4𝑥𝑦 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 7 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 3
96 = 4𝑥𝑦 To Find:
Divide B.S by 4 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 =? and 𝑎𝑏 =?
96 4𝑥𝑦 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
=
4 4 As we have
24 = 𝑥𝑦 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 + (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )
𝑥𝑦 = 24 m
Put the values
oc
(7)2 + (3)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕, 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟒
u.

(iv) 49 + 9 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
24

Solution: 58 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 4
ct

Divide B.S by 2
To Find:
58 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
rfe

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =? and 𝑥𝑦 =? =
2 2
pe

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 29 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
As we have 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 29
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ) 𝒂𝒃
Put the values Also we have
(7)2 + (4)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 − (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒃
49 + 16 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) Put the values
65 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (7)2 − (3)2 = 4𝑎𝑏
Divide B.S by 2 49 − 9 = 4𝑎𝑏
65 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) 40 = 4𝑎𝑏
=
2 2 Divide B.S by 4
65 40 4𝑎𝑏
= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 =
2 4 4
65 10 = 𝑎𝑏
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 =
2 𝑎𝑏 = 10
𝒙𝒚
Also we have
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚
Put the values
(7)2 − (4)2 = 4𝑥𝑦
 10
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.3 Ex # 4.3
Q2: Find the value of 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 and 𝒂𝒃, when 𝒂 + Divide B.S by 2
(ii) 𝒃 = 𝟗, 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝟏. 136 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
=
Solution: 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 9 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 1 68 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
To Find: 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 68
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 =? and 𝑎𝑏 =?
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 Q3: If 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟓, 𝒂 − 𝒃 = √𝟏𝟕, then find the value
As we have (ii) of 𝒂𝒃.
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 + (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ) Solution:
Put the values 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 5 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = √17
(9)2 + (1)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) To Find:
81 + 1 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) 𝑎𝑏 =?
82 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) Also we have
Divide B.S by 2 (𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 − (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒃
82 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) Put the values
= 2
2 2 (5)2 − (√17) = 4𝑎𝑏
41 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
25 − 17 = 4𝑎𝑏
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 41
8 = 4𝑎𝑏
𝒂𝒃 m
oc
Divide B.S by 4
Also we have 8 4𝑎𝑏
u.

(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 − (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒂𝒃 =

4 4
24

Put the values 2 = 𝑎𝑏

(9)2 − (1)2 = 4𝑎𝑏
ct

𝑎𝑏 = 2
rfe

81 − 1 = 4𝑎𝑏
80 = 4𝑎𝑏 Q4: Find the value of 𝟒𝒙𝒚 when 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕,
pe

Divide B.S by 4 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟓.
80 4𝑎𝑏 Solution:
= 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 17, 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
4 4
20 = 𝑎𝑏 To find:
𝑎𝑏 = 20 4𝑥𝑦 =?
Also we have
Q3: If 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎, 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝟔, then find the value (𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚
(i) of 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 . Put the values
Solution: (17)2 − (5)2 = 4𝑥𝑦
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 10 and 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 6 289 − 25 = 4𝑥𝑦
To Find: 264 = 4𝑥𝑦
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 =? OR
As we have 4𝑥𝑦 = 264
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 + (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 )
Put the values
(10)2 + (6)2 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
100 + 36 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
136 = 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
 11
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.3
Q5: If +𝒚 = 𝟏𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 − 𝒚=𝟑, Ex # 4.4
𝟐 𝟐
find 𝟖𝒙𝒚(𝒙 + 𝒚 ). 1. (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)
Solution: Q1, Q2, Q3
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 11, 𝑥−𝑦 = 3 2. 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥) =
To Find: (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑧)2 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)2 Q4, Q5
8𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) =? 3. 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎) =
As we have (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑏 − 𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 Q6
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )
Put the values
Ex # 4.4
(11)2 + (3)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) Page # 112
121 + 9 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) Q1: Find the values of 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 , when
130 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (i) 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟓 and 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 = −𝟒
Solution:
2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 130 − −𝑒𝑞𝑢(𝑖)
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = −4
Also we have
To Find:
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 =?
Put the values
As we know that
(11)2 − (3)2 = 4𝑥𝑦
(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)
121 − 9 = 4𝑥𝑦
112 = 4𝑥𝑦 m
Put the values
oc
(5)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(−4)
4𝑥𝑦 = 112 − −𝑒𝑞𝑢(𝑖𝑖)
25 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 8
u.

Multiply equ (i) and (ii)

25 + 8 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
24

2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) × 4𝑥𝑦 = 130 × 112

33 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
ct

8𝑥𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 14560
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 33
rfe

Q6: If 𝒖 + 𝐯 = 𝟕 and 𝒖𝐯 = 𝟏𝟐, find 𝒖 − 𝐯.

pe

Solution: (ii) 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟓 and 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 = −𝟐

𝑢 + v = 7, 𝑢v = 12 Solution:
To Find: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = −2
𝑢 − 𝑣 =? To Find:
As we know that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 =?
(𝒖 + 𝒗)𝟐 − (𝒖 − 𝒗)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒖𝒗 As we know that
Put the values (𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)
(7)2 − (𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = 4(12) Put the values
49 − (𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = 48 (5)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2(−2)
−(𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = 48 − 49 25 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 4
−(𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = −1 25 + 4 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
(𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = 1 29 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
Taking square root on B.S 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 29
√(𝑢 − 𝑣)2 = √1
𝑢 − 𝑣 = ±1
 12
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.4 Ex # 4.4
Q2: Find the values of 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄, when Put the values
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
(i) 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟑𝟖 and 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 = −𝟏 (12)2 = 56 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
Solution: 144 = 56 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 38 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = −1 Subtract 56 from B.S
To Find: 144 − 56 = 56 − 56 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =? 88 = 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
As we know that Divide B.S by 2
(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂) 88 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
=
Put the values 2 2
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 38 + 2(−1) 44 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 38 − 2 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 44
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 36
Taking square root on B.S (ii) 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 and 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟓
√(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = √36 Solution:
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 =6 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 12 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5
To Find:
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 =?
(ii) 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎 and 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 = 𝟏𝟏 As we know that
Solution:
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 10 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 11
m(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)
oc
Put the values
To Find: (5)2 = 12 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
u.

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =? 25 = 12 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
24

As we know that Subtract 12 from B.S

ct

(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂) 25 − 12 = 12 − 12 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)

rfe

Put the values 13 = 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)

pe

(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 10 + 2(11) Divide B.S by 2

(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 10 + 22 13 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
=
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 32 2 2
Taking square root on B.S 13
= 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
√(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = √32 2
13
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = √16 × 2 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 =
2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = √16 × √2
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 4√2
Q3: Find the values of 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂, when
(i) 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔 and 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟏𝟐
Solution:
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 56 and 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 12
To Find:
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 =?
As we know that
(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)
 13
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.4 Ex # 4.4
Q 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝒛 − 𝒛𝒙 =
𝟐 𝟐 Q Find the value of
#4 𝒙−𝒚 𝟐 𝒚−𝒛 𝟐 𝒛−𝒙 𝟐 #6 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃𝒄 − 𝒄𝒂
( ) +( ) +( )
√𝟐 √𝟐 √𝟐 when 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝟐, 𝒃 − 𝒄 = 𝟑, 𝒄 − 𝒂 = 𝟒.
Solution: Solution:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥 = Given that:
𝑥−𝑦 2 𝑦−𝑧 2 𝑧−𝑥 2 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2, 𝑏 − 𝑐 = 3, 𝑐 − 𝑎 = 4
( ) +( ) +( )
√2 √2 √2 To find
R.H.S 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎 =?
𝑥−𝑦 𝑦−𝑧 2
𝑧−𝑥 2 2
( ) +( ) +( ) As we have
√2 √2 √2 𝟐(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 − 𝒃𝒄 − 𝒄𝒂) = (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 + (𝒃 − 𝒄)𝟐 + (𝒄 − 𝒂)𝟐
(𝑥 − 𝑦) 2 (𝑦 − 𝑧) 2 (𝑧 − 𝑥) 2
Put the values
= 2 + 2 + 2
(√2) (√2) (√2) 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎) = (2)2 + (3)2 + (4)2

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑦𝑧 𝑧 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑧𝑥 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎) = 4 + 9 + 16

= + +
2 2 2 2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎) = 29
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 2𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧 + 𝑥 − 2𝑧𝑥 Divide B.S by 2
=
2
2 2
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑧𝑥 2 m
2(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎) 29
=
oc
= 2 2
2
u.

29
2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥) 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎 =
24

= 2
2
ct

= 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥
rfe

Ex # 4.5
= L. H. S 1. (𝑎 + 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏) Q#1, 7
pe

2. (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏(𝑎 − 𝑏) Q#2

Q Write 𝟐[𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 − 𝒚𝒛 − 𝒛𝒙] as the sum 1 3 1 1 1
3. (𝑥 + ) = 𝑥 3 + + 3(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥 + ) 𝐐#𝟑
#5 of three squares. 𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
3
Solution: 1 1 1 1
4. (𝑥 − ) = 𝑥 3 − − 3(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥 − ) 𝑸#𝟒
𝑥 𝑥 3 𝑥 𝑥
2[𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 − 𝑧𝑥]
3
1 1 1 1
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 2𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑧𝑥 5. (3𝑎 + ) = 27𝑎3 +
𝑎 𝑎3
+ 3(3𝑎) ( ) (3𝑎 + ) 𝑸#𝟓
𝑎 𝑎
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑧𝑥 1 3 1 1 1
6. (𝑥 − ) = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 3(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥 − ) 𝑸#𝟔
2𝑥 8𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
Re-arranging the terms
7. (𝑢 − 𝑣)3 = 𝑢3 − 𝑣 3 − 3𝑢𝑣(𝑢 − 𝑣) Q#8
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 2𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧 + 𝑥 − 2𝑧𝑥 1 2
1 1
8. (𝑎 + ) = 𝑎2 + + 2(𝑎) ( ) 𝐐#𝟗
As we have 𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟐𝒂𝒃 = (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟐 1 2 1 1
9. (𝑎2 + ) = 𝑎4 + + 2(𝑎2 ) ( ) 𝐐#𝟗
𝑎 2 𝑎 4 𝑎2
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑧)2 + (𝑧 − 𝑥)2 3
1 1 1 1
10. (𝑎 + ) = 𝑎3 + + 3(𝑎) ( ) (𝑎 + )
𝑎 𝑎3 𝑎 𝑎
 14
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.5
Ex # 4.5 Subtract 24 from B.S
Page # 115 64 − 24 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 24 − 24
Q1: Find the value of 𝒂 + 𝒃𝟑 , when
𝟑
40 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3
(i) 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟒 and 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟓. 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = 40
Solution:
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4, 𝑎𝑏 = 5 Q2: Find the value of 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 , when
To Find: (i) 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝟓 and 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟕.
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 =? Solution:
As we have 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 5, 𝑎𝑏 = 7
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 + 𝒃) To Find:
Put the values 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 =?
(4)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3(5)(4) As we have
64 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 60 (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 − 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 − 𝒃)
Subtract 60 from B.S Put the values
64 − 60 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 60 − 60 (5)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3(7)(5)
4 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 125 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 105
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = 4 Add 105 on B.S
125 + 105 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 105 + 105
(ii) 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟑 and 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐𝟎.
m230 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
oc
Solution: 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = 230
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 3 and 𝑎𝑏 = 20.
u.

To Find: (ii) 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝟐 and 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟏𝟓.

24

𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 =? Solution:
ct

As we have 𝑎 − 𝑏 = 2, 𝑎𝑏 = 15
rfe

(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 + 𝒃) To Find:

𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 =?
pe

Put the values

(3)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3(3)(20) As we have
27 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 180 (𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 − 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 − 𝒃)
Subtract 180 from B.S Put the values
27 − 180 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 180 − 180 (2)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3(15)(2)
−153 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 8 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 90
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = −153 Add 90 on B.S
8 + 90 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 90 + 90
(iii) 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟒 and 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐. 98 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
Solution: 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = 98
𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 and 𝑎𝑏 = 2.
To Find:
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 =?
As we have
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 + 𝒃)
Put the values
(4)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3(2)(4)
64 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 24
 15
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.5 Ex # 4.5
(iii) 𝒂 − 𝒃 = 𝟕 and 𝒂𝒃 = 𝟔. 𝟏
(ii) 𝒙 + = 𝟐
Solution: 𝒙
𝑎 − 𝑏 = 7, 𝑎𝑏 = 6 Solution:
To Find: 1
𝑥+ =2
𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 =? 𝑥
As we have To Find:
(𝒂 − 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑 − 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 − 𝒃) 1
𝑥3 + =?
Put the values 𝑥3
As we have
(7)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3(6)(7)
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
343 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 126 (𝒙 + ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑(𝒙) ( ) (𝒙 + )
Add 126 on B.S 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Put the values
343 + 126 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 126 + 126
1
469 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 (2)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 3(2)
𝑥
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 = 469 1
8 = 𝑥3 + 3 + 6
𝟏 𝑥
Q3: 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟑 + , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 Subtract 6 from B.S
𝒙𝟑
1
𝟏 𝟓 8 − 6 = 𝑥3 + 3 + 6 − 6
(i) 𝒙 + = 𝑥
𝒙 𝟐
m 2=𝑥 + 33
1
oc
Solution: 𝑥
1 5 1
u.

𝑥+ = 𝑥3 + 3 = 2
𝑥 2 𝑥
24

To Find: 𝟏
1 Q3: 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑 , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧
ct

𝑥 3 + 3 =? 𝒙
rfe

𝑥 𝟏 𝟑
As we have (i) 𝒙 − =
pe

𝒙 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒙 + ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑(𝒙) ( ) (𝒙 + ) Solution:
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 1 3
Put the values 𝑥− =
𝑥 2
5 3 1 5 To Find:
( ) = 𝑥3 + 3 + 3 ( ) 1
2 𝑥 2
𝑥 3 − 3 =?
125 1 15 𝑥
= 𝑥3 + 3 + As we have
8 𝑥 2
15 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Subtract from B. S (𝒙 − ) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑 − 𝟑(𝒙) ( ) (𝒙 − )
2 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
125 15 1 15 15 Put the values
− = 𝑥3 + 3 + − 3 3 1 3
8 2 𝑥 2 2 ( ) = 𝑥3 − 3 − 3 ( )
125 − 60 1 2 𝑥 2
= 𝑥3 + 3 27 1 9
8 𝑥 = 𝑥3 − 3 −
8 𝑥 2
65 1 9
= 𝑥3 + 3 Add 2 on B. S
8 𝑥
27 9 1 9 9
1 65 + = 𝑥3 − 3 − +
𝑥3 + 3 = 8 2 𝑥 2 2
𝑥 8
 16
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.5 Ex # 4.5
27 + 36 1 Put the values
= 𝑥3 − 3
8 𝑥 15 3 1 15
63 1 ( ) = 𝑥3 − 3 − 3 ( )
4 𝑥 4
= 𝑥3 − 3 3375 1 45
8 𝑥
= 𝑥3 − 3 −
1 63 64 𝑥 4
𝑥3 − 3 = Add
45
on B. S
𝑥 8 4
3375 45 1 45 45
𝟏 𝟕 + = 𝑥3 − 3 − +
(ii) 𝒙 − = 64 4 𝑥 4 4
𝒙 𝟑 3375 + 720 1
Solution: = 𝑥3 − 3
64 𝑥
1 7 4095 1
𝑥− = = 𝑥3 − 3
𝑥 3 64 𝑥
To Find:
3
1 4095
1 𝑥 − 3=
𝑥 3 − 3 =? 𝑥 64
𝑥 𝟏 𝟏
As we have Q5: 𝐈𝐟 𝟑𝒂 + = 𝟒, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝟐𝟕𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑
𝒂 𝒂
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 Solution:
(𝒙 − ) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑 − 𝟑(𝒙) ( ) (𝒙 − )
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 1
Put the values 3𝑎 + = 4
𝑎
7 3 1 7 mTo Find:
oc
( ) = 𝑥3 − 3 − 3 ( ) 1
3 𝑥 3 27𝑎3 + 3 =?
u.

343 1 21 𝑎
= 𝑥3 − 3 −
24

27 𝑥 3 As we have
21 𝟏 𝟑
ct

Add 3 on B. S 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝟑𝒂 + ) = 𝟐𝟕𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑(𝟑𝒂) ( ) (𝟑𝒂 + )
rfe

343 21 1 21 21 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
+ = 𝑥3 − 3 − + Put the values
27 3 𝑥 3 3
pe

1
343 + 189 1 (4)3 = 27𝑎3 + + 9(4)
= 𝑥3 − 3 𝑎3
27 𝑥 1
532 3
1 64 = 27𝑎3 + 3 + 36
=𝑥 − 3 𝑎
27 𝑥
1 532 Subtract 36 from B.S
𝑥3 − 3 = 1
𝑥 27 64 − 36 = 27𝑎3 + 3 + 36 − 36
𝑎
1
𝟏 𝟏𝟓 28 = 27𝑎3 + 3
(iii) 𝒙− = 𝑎
𝒙 𝟒 1
Solution: 27𝑎3 + 3 = 28
𝑎
1 15
𝑥− =
𝑥 4
To Find:
1
𝑥3 − =?
𝑥3
As we have
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒙 − ) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑 − 𝟑(𝒙) ( ) (𝒙 − )
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
 17
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.5 Ex # 4.5
𝟏 𝟏 Put the values
Q6: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 − = 𝟔, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑
𝟐𝒙 𝟖𝒙 (2)3 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 3(15)(2)
Solution: 8 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 90
1 Add 90 on B.S
𝑥− =6
2𝑥 8 + 90 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 − 90 + 90
To Find: 98 = 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3
1
𝑥 3 − 3 =? 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = 98
8𝑥
As we have Q9: 𝟏 𝟏
1 3 1 1 1 𝐈𝐟 𝒂 + = 𝟐, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐 ,
𝒂 𝒂
(𝑥 − ) = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 3(𝑥) ( ) (𝑥 − ) 𝟏 𝟏
2𝑥 8𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝒂𝟒 + 𝟒 , 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑
Put the values 𝒂 𝒂
1 3
(6)3 = 𝑥 3 − 3 − (6) Solution:
8𝑥 2 Given
1 1
216 = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 3(3) 𝑎+ =2
8𝑥 𝑎
1
216 = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 9 To prove
8𝑥 1
Add 9 on B.S 𝑎2 + 2 =?
𝑎
1
216 + 9 = 𝑥 3 − 3 − 9 + 9 m 1
oc
4
8𝑥 𝑎 + 4 =?
𝑎
1
u.

225 = 𝑥 3 − 3 1
8𝑥 𝑎3 + 3 =?
24

𝑎
1
𝑥 3 − 3 = 225 As we have
ct

8𝑥
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
rfe

Q7: If 𝒂 + 𝒃 = 𝟔, show that 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟏𝟖𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔. (𝒂 + ) = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂) ( )

𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
pe

Solution:
Put the values
𝑎+𝑏 =6
1
To Prove: (2)2 = 𝑎2 + 2 + 2
𝑎
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 18𝑎𝑏 = 216 1
As we have 4 = 𝑎2 + 2 + 2
𝑎
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝟑𝒂𝒃(𝒂 + 𝒃) Subtract 2 from B.S
Put the values 1
4 − 2 = 𝑎2 + 2 + 2 − 2
(6)3 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 3𝑎𝑏(6) 𝑎
216 = 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 18𝑎𝑏 1
2 = 𝑎2 + 2
𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 18𝑎𝑏 = 216 𝑎
1
𝑎2 + 2 = 2
Q8: If 𝒖 − 𝐯 = 𝟑 then prove that 𝒖𝟑 − 𝐯 𝟑 − 𝟗𝒖𝒗 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝑎
Solution: Now take square on B.S
𝑢−v=3 1 2
(𝑎2 + 2 ) = (2)2
To Prove: 𝑎
𝑢3 − v 3 − 9𝑢𝑣 = 27 1 2 1
(𝑎2 )2 + ( 2 ) + 2(𝑎2 ) ( 2 ) = 4
As we have 𝑎 𝑎
(𝒖 − 𝒗)𝟑 = 𝒖𝟑 − 𝒗𝟑 − 𝟑𝒖𝒗(𝒖 − 𝒗) 1
𝑎4 + 4 + 2 = 4
𝑎
 18
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.5
Subtract 2 from B.S Ex # 4.6
1 Page # 118
𝑎4 + 4 + 2 − 2 = 4 − 2
𝑎 Q1: Find the following product.
4
1 (i) (𝒂 − 𝟏)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂 + 𝟏)
𝑎 + 4=2
𝑎 Solution:
𝟏
𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑 (𝑎 − 1)(𝑎2 + 𝑎 + 1)
𝒂
= (𝑎 − 1)[(𝑎)2 + (𝑎)(1) + (1)2 ]
Also we have
As we know that
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒂 + ) = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑(𝒂) ( ) (𝒂 + ) (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂
Put the values Here 𝑎 = 𝑎 and 𝑏 = 1
1 So
(2)3 = 𝑎3 + 3 + 3(2) = (𝑎)3 − (1)3
𝑎
1 = 𝑎3 − 1
8 = 𝑎3 + 3 + 6
𝑎 (ii) (𝟑 − 𝒃)(𝟗 + 𝟑𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )
Subtract 6 from B.S Solution:
1 (3 − 𝑏)(9 + 3𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
8 − 6 = 𝑎3 + 3 + 6 − 6
𝑎 = (3 − 𝑏)[(3)2 + (3)(𝑏) + (𝑏)2 ]
1 As we know that
2 = 𝑎3 + 3
1
𝑎 m (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝒂𝟑 − 𝒃𝟑
oc
𝑎3 + 3 = 2 Here 𝑎 = 3 and 𝑏 = 𝑏
𝑎
u.

Hence So
24

1 1 1 = (3)3 − (𝑏)3
𝑎2 + 2 = 𝑎4 + 4 = 𝑎3 + 3 = 2 = 27 − 𝑏 3
ct

𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
rfe

Ex # 4.6 (iii) (𝟖 + 𝒃)(𝟔𝟒 − 𝟖𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 )

pe

1. 𝑎 + 𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
3 3 2 Solution:
2. 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) (8 + 𝑏)(64 − 8𝑏 + 𝑏 2 )
1 1 1 1 = (8 + 𝑏)[(8)2 − (8)(𝑏) + (𝑏)2 ]
3. 𝑥 3 + 3 = (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 2 + 2 − (𝑥) ( ))
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 As we know that
1 1 1 1 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑
4. 𝑥 3 − 3 = (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 2 + 2 + (𝑥) ( ))
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 Here 𝑎 = 8 and 𝑏 = 𝑏
OR So
1 1 1 = (8)3 + (𝑏)3
1. 𝑥 3 + 3 = (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 2 + 2 − 1)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 = 512 + 𝑏 3
1 1 1 (iv) (𝑎 + 2)(𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 4)
2. 𝑥 3 + 3 = (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 2 + 2 − 1)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 Solution:
(𝑎 + 2)(𝑎2 − 2𝑎 + 4)
3. (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 = (𝑎 + 2)[(𝑎)2 − (𝑎)(2) + (2)2 ]
4. (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 As we know that
5. (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝟐 ) = 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑
Here 𝑎 = 𝑎 and 𝑏 = 2
So
= (𝑎)3 + (2)3
= 𝑎3 + 8
 19
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.6 Ex # 4.6
Q2: Find the following product. So
𝟏 𝟏 1 3
(i) (𝟐𝒑 + ) (𝟒𝒑𝟐 + 𝟐 − 𝟏) = (3𝑝)3 − ( )
𝟐𝒑 𝟒𝒑 3𝑝
Solution: 1
1 1 = 27𝑝3 +
(2𝑝 + ) (4𝑝2 + 2 − 1) 27𝑝3
2𝑝 4𝑝
1 1 1 𝟏 𝟏
(2𝑝 + ) [(2𝑝)2 + 2
− (2𝑝) ( )] (iv) (𝟓𝒑 + ) (𝟐𝟓𝒑𝟐 + − 𝟏)
2𝑝 (2𝑝) 2𝑝 𝟓𝒑 𝟐𝟓𝒑𝟐
As we know that Solution:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1 1
(𝒙 + ) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 − (𝒙) ( )) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 (5𝑝 + ) (25𝑝2 + − 1)
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 5𝑝 25𝑝2
So 1 1 1
(5𝑝 + ) [(5𝑝)2 + 2
− (5𝑝) ( )]
1 3 5𝑝 (5𝑝) 5𝑝
3
= (2𝑝) + ( ) As we know that
2𝑝
1 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 8𝑝3 + 3 (𝒙 + ) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 − (𝒙) ( )) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑
8𝑝 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
So
𝟑 𝟐 𝟗 𝟒 1 3
(ii) ( 𝒑 − ) ( 𝒑𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟏) 3
= (5𝑝) + ( )
𝟐 𝟑𝒑 𝟒 𝟗𝒑
m 5𝑝
oc
Solution: 1
3 2 9 4 = 125𝑝3 +
125𝑝3
u.

( 𝑝 − ) ( 𝑝2 + 2 + 1)
2 3𝑝 4 9𝑝
24

2
3 2 3 2 2 3 2 Q3: Find the following continued product.
( 𝑝 − ) [( 𝑝) + ( ) + ( 𝑝) ( )]
ct

2 3𝑝 2 3𝑝 2 3𝑝 (i) (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )

rfe

As we know that Solution:

(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
pe

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒙 − ) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 + (𝒙) ( )) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 = (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃)
So = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
3 3 2 3 Arrange it
= ( 𝑝) − ( ) = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
2 3𝑝
27 3 8 By Using Formulas
= 𝑝 − = (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )(𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )
8 27𝑝3
Again by Formula
𝟏 𝟏
(iii) (𝟑𝒑 − ) (𝟗𝒑𝟐 + 𝟐 + 𝟏) = (𝑥 3 )2 − (𝑦 3 )2
𝟑𝒑 𝟗𝒑 = 𝑥6 − 𝑦6
Solution:
1 1
(3𝑝 − ) (9𝑝2 + 2 + 1)
3𝑝 9𝑝
1 1 1
(3𝑝 − ) [(3𝑝)2 + 2
+ (3𝑝) ( )]
3𝑝 (3𝑝) 3𝑝
As we know that
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝒙 − ) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 + (𝒙) ( )) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
 20
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.6 Ex # 4.6
(ii) (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙 + 𝒚 )(𝒙𝟒 + 𝒚𝟒 )
𝟐 𝟐 Q4: Find the product with the help of
Solution: formula. (√𝒙 − √𝒚)(𝒙 + √𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚)
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 ) Solution:
𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃) = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 (√𝑥 − √𝑦)(𝑥 + √𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦)
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 ) 2
= (√𝑥 − √𝑦) [(√𝑥) + (√𝑥)(√𝑦) + (√𝑦) ]
2

Again by Formula
[(𝑥 2 )2 − (𝑦 2 )2 ](𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 ) 𝐀𝐬 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑
(𝑥 4 − 𝑦 4 )(𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 ) 3 3
= (√𝑥) − (√𝑦)
Now again by Formula
(𝑥 4 )2 − (𝑦 4 )2 1 3 1 3
= (𝑥 2 ) − (𝑦 2 )
𝑥8 − 𝑦8
3 3
= 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
iii. (𝟐𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝟐𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )(𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )
Solution:
(2𝑥 − 𝑦)(2𝑥 + 𝑦)(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) Q5: Simplify with the help of formula.
Arrange it (𝒙𝒑 + 𝒚𝒒 )(𝒙𝟐𝒑 − 𝒙𝒑 𝒚𝒒 + 𝒚𝟐𝒒 )
(2𝑥 − 𝑦)(4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )(2𝑥 + 𝑦)(4𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) Solution:
(2𝑥 − 𝑦)[(2𝑥)2 + (2𝑥)(𝑦) + (𝑦)2 ](2𝑥 + 𝑦)[(2𝑥)2 − (2𝑥)(𝑦) + (𝑦)2 ] (𝑥 𝑝 + 𝑦 𝑞 )(𝑥 2𝑝 − 𝑥 𝑝 𝑦 𝑞 + 𝑦 2𝑞 )
𝐀𝐬 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑
m
oc
= (𝑥 𝑝 + 𝑦 𝑞 )[(𝑥 𝑝 )2 − (𝑥 𝑝 )(𝑦 𝑞 ) + (𝑦 𝑞 )2 ]
u.

𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 𝐀𝐬 (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑

24

[(2𝑥)3 − (𝑦)3 ][(2𝑥)3 + (𝑦)3 ] = (𝑥 𝑝 )3 + (𝑦 𝑝 )3

(8𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 )(8𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )
ct

= 𝑥 3𝑝 + 𝑦 3𝑝
rfe

𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃) = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐

(8𝑥 3 )2 − (𝑦 3 )2
pe

64𝑥 6 − 𝑦 6 Examples Page # 116 and 117

iv. (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒)

Solution:
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)
Arrange it
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4)
(𝑥 − 2)[(𝑥)2 + (𝑥)(2) + (2)2 ](𝑥 + 2)[(𝑥)2 − (𝑥)(2) + (2)2 ]
𝐀𝐬 (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑
𝐚𝐧𝐝 (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑
[(𝑥)3 − (2)3 ][(𝑥)3 + (2)3 ]
(𝑥 3 − 8)(𝑥 3 + 8)
𝐔𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚 (𝒂 + 𝒃)(𝒂 − 𝒃) = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
(𝑥 3 )2 − (8)2
𝑥 6 − 64
 22
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7 Ex # 4.7
SURDS (v) 𝝅
𝑛
A number of the form of √𝑎 is called Surd, where 𝑎 As 𝜋 is irrational.
is a positive rational number. So it is not surd.
A number will be a surd, if
i. It is irrational (vi) √𝟏 + 𝝅𝟐
ii. It is a root As 1 + 𝜋 2 is irrational.
iii. A root of a rational number. So it is not surd.
Examples:
√3 and √5 + √3 Q2: Express the following as the simplest
In the above examples, both are irrational numbers. possible surds.
First number is a root of rational number 3, whereas (i) √𝟏𝟐
the second number is a root of irrational number Solution:
5 + √3. √12 2 12
2 6
√2 × 2 × 3
Thus √3 is a surd and √5 + √3 is not a surd. 3 3
3 √22 × 3
√8 is not a surd because its value is 2 which is 1
rational. √2 √3
2

√−2 , √−3 are not surds because −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3 are 2√3

negative. m
oc
Conjugate of Surds (ii) √𝟒𝟖
The conjugate of 𝑎√𝑥 + 𝑏√𝑦 is 𝑎√𝑥 − 𝑏√𝑦.
u.

Solution: 2 48
√48
24

Similarly the conjugate of 5 + √3 is 5 − √3 2 24

√2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 2 12
ct

Ex # 4.7 √22 × 22 × 3 2 6
rfe

Page # 122 3 3
√22 √22 √3
pe

Q1: State which of the following are surd quantities 1

(i) 𝟑√𝟖𝟏 2 × 2√3
As 81 is a rational number and the result is irrational. 4√3
So it is surd.
(iii) √𝟐𝟒𝟎
(ii) √𝟏 + √𝟓
Solution:
As 1 + √5 is irrational. √240
So it is not surd. √2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
√22 × 22 × 3 × 5 2 240
(iii) √√𝟓 √22 √22 √3 × 5 2 120
2 60
As √5 is irrational. 2 × 2√15 2 30
So it is not surd. 4√15 3 15
5 5
𝟒 1
(iv) √𝟑𝟐
As 32 is a rational number and the result is irrational.
So it is surd.
 23
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7 Ex # 4.7
Q3: Simplify the following surds. Multiply and divide by √7
(i) (𝟐 − √𝟑)(𝟑 + √𝟓) 1 √7
Solution: ×
√7 √7
(2 − √3)(3 + √5) 1√7
2
2(3 + √5) − √3(3 + √5) (√7)
6 + 2√5 − 3√3 − √3 × 5 √7
6 + 2√5 − 3√3 − √15 7

(ii) (√𝟑 − 𝟒)(√𝟐 + 𝟏) 𝟑

(ii)
Solution: √𝟒𝟓
(√3 − 4)(√2 + 1) Solution:
3
√3(√2 + 1) − 4(√2 + 1)
√45
√3 × 2 + 1√3 − 4√2 − 4 3
√6 + √3 − 4√2 − 4 √3 × 3 × 5
3
(iii) (√𝟐 + √𝟑)(√𝟓 + √𝟐) 3√5
Solution: m 1
oc
(√2 + √3)(√5 + √2) √5
Multiply and divide by √5
u.

√2(√5 + √2) + √3(√5 + √2)

24

1 √5
√2 × 5 + √2 × 2 + √3 × 5 + √3 × 2 ×
√5 √5
ct

√10 + 2 + √15 + √6
1√5
rfe

2
(√5)
pe

(iv) (𝟑 − 𝟐√𝟑)(𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟑)

Solution: √5
(3 − 2√3)(3 + 2√3) 5
Using Formula: (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
𝟏
So (iii)
2 √𝟐 − 𝟏
(3)2 − (2√3) Solution:
2 1
9 − (2)2 (√3)
9 − 4(3) √2 − 1
9 − 12 Multiply and divide by √2 + 1
−3 1 √2 + 1
×
Q4: Rationalize the denominator and simplify. √2 − 1 √2 + 1
𝟏
(i) 1(√2 + 1)
√𝟕 2
Solution: (√2) − (1)2
1
√2 + 1
√7 2−1
√2 + 1
 24
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7 Ex # 4.7
𝟓 Multiply and divide by √𝟓 − 𝟐
(iv)
𝟐 + √𝟓 1 1 √5 − 2
Solution: = ×
𝑥 √5 + 2 √5 − 2
5
2 + √5 1 1(√5 − 2)
=
Multiply and divide by 2 − √5 𝑥 (√5 + 2)(√5 − 2)
5 2 − √5 1 √5 − 2
× =
2 + √5 2 − √5 𝑥 (√5)2 − (2)2
5(2 − √5)
2 1 √5 − 2
(2)2 − (√5) =
𝑥 5−4
5(2 − √5) 1 √5 − 2
=
4−5 𝑥 1
5(2 − √5) 1
−1 = √5 − 2
𝑥
−5(2 − √5) Now
1
𝟏 𝟏 𝑥 + = (√5 + 2) + (√5 − 2)
+ 𝑥
(v)
√𝟓 − 𝟐 √𝟓 + 𝟐 m 1
oc
Solution: 𝑥 + = √5 + 2 + √5 − 2
𝑥
1 1
u.

+ 1
𝑥 + = 2√5
24

√5 − 2 √5 + 2 𝑥
Taking Square on B.S
ct

1(√5 + 2) + 1(√5 − 2)
1 2
rfe

2
(√5 − 2)(√5 + 2) (𝑥 + ) = (2√5)
𝑥
pe

√5 + 2 + √5 − 2 1 1 2
2 𝑥 2 + 2 + 2(𝑥) ( ) = (2)2 (√5)
(√5) −(2)2 𝑥 𝑥
1
√5 + √5 𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 = 4(5)
𝑥
5−4
1
2√5 𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 = 20
𝑥
1
Subtract 2 from B.S
2√5 1
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 − 2 = 20 − 2
𝑥
𝟏 𝟏 1
Q5: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = √𝟓 + 𝟐, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙 + 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 2
𝑥 + 2 = 18
𝒙 𝒙 𝑥
Solution: Answers:
𝑥 = √5 + 2 1
𝑥 + = 2√5
To find: 𝑥
1 1 1
𝑥+ =? and 𝑥 2 + 2 =? 𝑥 2 + 2 = 18
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
1 1
=
𝑥 √5 + 2
 25
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7 Ex # 4.7
𝟏 𝟏 Add 2 on B.S
Q6: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = √𝟐 + √𝟑, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙 − 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 1
𝒙 𝒙
𝑥2 + 2 − 2 + 2 = 8 + 2
Solution: 𝑥
𝑥 = √2 + √3 2
1
𝑥 + 2 = 10
To find: 𝑥
1 1 Answers:
𝑥− =? and 𝑥 2 + 2 =?
𝑥 𝑥 1
1 1 𝑥− = 2√2
= 𝑥
𝑥 √2 + √3 1
𝑥 2 + 2 = 10
Multiply and divide by √𝟐 − √𝟑 𝑥
1 1 √2 − √3
= × Q7: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = 𝟓 − 𝟐√𝟔, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟
𝑥 √2 + √3 √2 − √3
𝟏 𝟏
1 1(√2 − √3) 𝒙 + 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙
=
𝑥 (√2 + √3)(√2 − √3) Solution:
𝑥 = 5 − 2√6
1 √2 − √3
=
𝑥 (√2)2 − (√3)2 To find:
1 1
1 √2 − √3
=
m 𝑥+
𝑥
=? and 𝑥 2 + 2 =?
𝑥
oc
𝑥 2−3 1 1
=
u.

1 √2 − √3 𝑥 5 − 2√6
24

=
𝑥 −1 Multiply and divide by 5 + 2√6
ct

1
= −(√2 − √3) 1 1 5 + 2√6
rfe

𝑥 = ×
1 𝑥 5 − 2√6 5 + 2√6
pe

= −√2 + √3
𝑥 1 1(5 + 2√6)
Now =
𝑥 (5 − 2√6)(5 + 2√6)
1
𝑥 − = (√2 + √3) − (−√2 + √3)
𝑥 1 5 + 2√6
1 =
𝑥 − = √2 + √3 + √2 − √3 𝑥 (5)2 − (2√6)2
𝑥
1 1 5 + 2√6
𝑥 − = 2√2 =
𝑥 𝑥 25 − (2)2 (√6)2
Taking Square on B.S
1 2 2 1 5 + 2√6
(𝑥 − ) = (2√2) =
𝑥 𝑥 25 − (4)(6)
1 1 2
𝑥 2 + 2 − 2(𝑥) ( ) = (2)2 (√2) 1 5 + 2√6
𝑥 𝑥 =
1 𝑥 25 − 24
𝑥 2 + 2 − 2 = 4(2)
𝑥 1 5 + 2√6
2
1 =
𝑥 + 2−2=8 𝑥 1
𝑥
1
= 5 + 2√6
𝑥
 26
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7 Ex # 4.7
Now 1 1(√5 − 2)
1 =
𝑥 + = (5 − 2√6) + (5 + 2√6) 𝑥 (√5 + 2)(√5 − 2)
𝑥
1 1 √5 − 2
𝑥 + = 5 − 2√6 + 5 + 2√6 =
𝑥 𝑥 (√5)2 − (2)2
1
𝑥 + = 10
𝑥 1 √5 − 2
Taking Square on B.S =
𝑥 5−4
1 2
(𝑥 + ) = (10)2 1 √5 − 2
𝑥 =
𝑥 1
1 1
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2(𝑥) ( ) = 100 1
𝑥 𝑥 = √5 − 2
𝑥
1
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 = 100 Now
𝑥
1
Subtract 2 from B.S 𝑥− = (√2 + 1) − (√2 − 1)
1 𝑥
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 − 2 = 100 − 2 1
𝑥 𝑥 − = √2 + 1 − √2 + 1
1 𝑥
𝑥 2 + 2 = 98
𝑥 m 1
𝑥− =2
oc
Answers: 𝑥
1
u.

𝑥 + = 10 Taking Square on B.S

𝑥
24

1 1 2
𝑥 2 + 2 = 98 (𝑥 − ) = (2)2
ct

𝑥 𝑥
rfe

1 1
𝟏 𝟏 𝑥 2 + 2 − 2(𝑥) ( ) = (2)2
𝑥 𝑥
pe

Q8: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙 − 𝐚𝐧𝐝

√𝟐 − 𝟏 𝒙 1
𝟏 𝑥2 + 2 − 2 = 4
𝟐
𝒙 + 𝟐 𝑥
𝒙
Add 2 on B.S
Solution:
1 1
𝑥= 𝑥2 + −2+2=4+2
𝑥2
√2 − 1
To find 1
𝑥2 + 2 = 6
1 1 𝑥
𝑥− =? and 𝑥 2 + 2 =?
𝑥 𝑥 Answers:
Now 1
1 𝑥− =2
= √2 − 1 𝑥
𝑥
1 1 1
= 𝑥2 + =6
𝑥 √5 + 2 𝑥2
Multiply and divide by √𝟓 − 𝟐
1 1 √5 − 2
= ×
𝑥 √5 + 2 √5 − 2
 27
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7 Ex # 4.7
𝟏 1
Q9: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = √𝟏𝟎 + 𝟑, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙 − 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝑥 2 + 2 − 2 = 36
𝒙 𝑥
𝟏 Add 2 on B.S
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐
𝒙 1
𝑥 2 + 2 − 2 + 2 = 36 + 2
Solution: 𝑥
1
𝑥 = √10 + 3 𝑥 2 + 2 = 38
𝑥
To find
1 1 Answers:
𝑥− =? and 𝑥 2 + 2 =? 1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥− =6
Now 𝑥
1 1 1
= 𝑥 2 + 2 = 38
𝑥 √10 + 3 𝑥
Multiply and divide by √𝟏𝟎 − 𝟑
1 1 √10 − 3 𝟏
= × Q10: 𝐈𝐟 𝒙 = 𝟐 − √𝟑, 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟒 +
𝑥 √10 + 3 √10 − 3 𝒙𝟒
Solution:
1 1(√10 − 3) 𝑥 = 2 − √3
=
𝑥 (√10 + 3)(√10 − 3) To find
1 1
1
=
√10 − 3 m 𝑥+
𝑥
=? and 𝑥 2 + 2 =?
𝑥
oc
𝑥 (√10)2 − (3)2 Now
u.

1 1
1 √10 − 3 =
24

= 𝑥 2 − √3
𝑥 10 − 9
ct

Multiply and divide by 2 + √3

1 √10 − 3
rfe

= 1 1 2 + √3
𝑥 1 = ×
pe

𝑥 2 − √3 2 + √3
1
= √10 − 3 1 1(2 + √3)
𝑥 =
Now 𝑥 (2 − √3)(2 + √3)

1 1 2 + √3
𝑥− = (√10 + 3) − (√10 − 3) =
𝑥 𝑥 (2)2 − (√3)2
1
𝑥 − = √10 + 3 − √10 + 3 1 2 + √3
𝑥 =
1 𝑥 4−3
𝑥 − = √10 − √10 + 3 + 3
𝑥 1 2 + √3
=
1 𝑥 1
𝑥− =6
𝑥 1
= 2 + √3
Taking Square on B.S 𝑥
Now
1 2
(𝑥 − ) = (6)2 1
𝑥 𝑥 + = (2 − √3) + (2 + √3)
𝑥
1 1 1
𝑥 2 + 2 − 2(𝑥) ( ) = 36 𝑥 + = 2 − √3 + 2 + √3
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
 28
Chapter # 4
Ex # 4.7
1 Review Exercise # 4
𝑥 + = 2 + 2 − √3 + √3
𝑥 Page # 124
1 𝟏𝟐𝒙 𝒚 𝟏𝟓𝒂𝟓 𝒃𝟒
𝟒 𝟓
𝑥+ =4 Q2: 𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐲 .
𝑥 𝟐𝟓𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟒 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟕 𝒚𝟐
Taking Square on B.S Solution:

1 2 12𝑥 4 𝑦 5 15𝑎5 𝑏 4
(𝑥 + ) = (4)2 .
𝑥 25𝑎3 𝑏4 16𝑥 7 𝑦 2
1 1 3𝑦 3 3𝑎2
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2(𝑥) ( ) = 16 .
𝑥 𝑥 5 4𝑥 3
1 9𝑦 3 𝑎2
𝑥 2 + 2 + 2 = 16
𝑥 20𝑥 3
Subtract 2 from B.S 9𝑎2 𝑦 3
1 20𝑥 3
𝑥2 + + 2 − 2 = 16 − 2
𝑥2 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑
1 Q3: 𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝒙 = 𝟐
𝑥 2 + 2 = 14 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙+𝟏
𝑥 Solution:
Again take the square on B.S
m 2𝑥 − 3
oc
2 𝑥2 −𝑥+1
1
(𝑥 2 + ) = (14)2
u.

𝑥2 Put the value

24

1 1 2𝑥 − 3 2(2) − 3
𝑥 4 + 4 + 2(𝑥 2 ) ( 2 ) = 196 =
𝑥 𝑥
ct

𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 1 (2)2 − (2) + 1
rfe

1 2𝑥 − 3 4−3
𝑥 4 + 4 + 2 = 196 =
𝑥
pe

𝑥2 −𝑥+1 4−2+1
Subtract 2 from B.S 2𝑥 − 3 1
=
1 2
𝑥 −𝑥+1 2+1
𝑥4 + + 2 − 2 = 196 − 2
𝑥4 2𝑥 − 3 1
=
1 2
𝑥 −𝑥+1 3
𝑥 4 + 4 = 194
𝑥
Answer: Q4: Find the value of 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 and 𝒙𝒚
1 when 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟕 , 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟑.
𝑥4 + = 194
𝑥4 Solution:
𝑥+𝑦 =7 , 𝑥−𝑦 =3
To Find:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 =? and 𝑥𝑦 =?
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
As we have
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 + (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟐(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 )
Put the values
(7)2 + (3)2 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
49 + 9 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
58 = 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )
 29
Chapter # 4
Review Ex # 4 Review Ex # 4
Divide B.S by 2 Put the values
58 2(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) (6)2 = 24 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
=
2 2 36 = 25 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
29 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 Subtract 24 from B.S
29 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 36 − 24 = 24 − 24 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
𝒙𝒚 12 = 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
As we have Divide B.S by 2
(𝒙 + 𝒚)𝟐 − (𝒙 − 𝒚)𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙𝒚 12 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)
Put the values =
2 2
(7)2 − (3)2 = 4𝑥𝑦 6 = 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
49 − 9 = 4𝑥𝑦 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 6
40 = 4𝑥𝑦
Divide B.S by 4 Q7: If 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟖 and 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐, then find the
40 4𝑥𝑦 values of 𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟕𝒚𝟑 .
=
4 4 Solution:
10 = 𝑥𝑦 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 8 and 𝑥𝑦 = 2
𝑥𝑦 = 10 To Find:
Q5: Find the value of 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 when 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3 =?
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟒𝟑 and 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 = 𝟑. mAs we have
oc
Solution: (𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚)𝟑 = (𝟐𝒙)𝟑 − (𝟑𝒚)𝟑 − 𝟑(𝟐𝒙)(𝟑𝒚)(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟑𝒚)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 43 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 3
u.

Put the values

(8)3 = 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3 − 18𝑥𝑦(8)
24

To Find:
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =? 512 = 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3 − 18(2)(8)
ct

As we know that 512 = 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3 − 288

rfe

(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂) Add 288 on B.S

pe

Put the values 512 + 288 = 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3 − 288 + 288

(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 43 + 2(3) 800 = 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 43 + 6 8𝑥 3 − 27𝑦 3 = 800
(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = 49
Taking square root on B.S
√(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = √49
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 =7

Q6: If 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄 = 𝟔 and 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒, then find

the value of 𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂
Solution:
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 24
To Find:
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 =?
As we know that
(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟐 = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒂𝒃 + 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂)
 30
Chapter # 4
Review Ex # 4 Review Ex # 4
𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟔 𝟐 𝟐𝟓 Think Trick
Q8: 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭 ( 𝒙 − )( 𝒙 − + 𝟏)
𝟓 𝟒𝒙 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
Q10: 𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐲 − 𝟐 +
Solution: 𝟒
𝒙 − 𝟏𝟔 𝒙 − 𝟒 𝒙 + 𝟐
4 5 16 25 Solution:
( 𝑥 − ) ( 𝑥2 − + 1)
5 4𝑥 25 16𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 𝑥 1
4
− 2 +
4 5 4 2 5 2 4 5 𝑥 − 16 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 + 2
( 𝑥 − ) [( 𝑥) + ( ) + ( 𝑥) ( )]
5 4𝑥 5 4𝑥 5 4𝑥 2𝑥 2 1 𝑥
4
+ − 2
𝑥 − 16 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 4
As we know that
2𝑥 2 1 𝑥
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 + −
(𝒙 − ) (𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐 + (𝒙) ( )) = 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑 (𝑥 2 )2 − (4)2 𝑥 + 2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
3
2𝑥 2 1(𝑥 − 2) − 𝑥
4 3
5 2 2
+
= ( 𝑥) − ( ) (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
5 4𝑥
2𝑥 2 𝑥−2−𝑥
64 3 125 2 2
+
= 𝑥 − (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
125 64𝑥 3
2𝑥 2 𝑥−𝑥−2
𝟏 𝟏 + 2
Q9: 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟑 + , 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝒙 + = 𝟖 (𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 2 − 4) 𝑥 −4
𝒙𝟑 𝒙
m 2𝑥 2 −2
oc
Solution:
2 2
+ 2
1 (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) 𝑥 − 4
u.

𝑥+ =8
𝑥 2𝑥 2 2
24

To Find: 2 2
− 2
(𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4) 𝑥 − 4
ct

1
𝑥3 + =? 2𝑥 2 − 2(𝑥 2 + 4)
rfe

𝑥3
As we have (𝑥 2 + 4)(𝑥 2 − 4)
pe

𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2 − 8
(𝒙 + ) = 𝒙𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟑(𝒙) ( ) (𝒙 + ) (𝑥 2 )2 − (4)2
𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙
Put the values −8
1 𝑥4 − 16
(8)3 = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 3(8)
𝑥
1
512 = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 24
𝑥
Subtract 24 from B.S
1
512 − 24 = 𝑥 3 + 3 + 24 − 24
𝑥
3
1
488 = 𝑥 + 3
𝑥
1
𝑥 3 + 3 = 488
𝑥