DR PHY: 0719988370
Thermal properties of materials
Lesson 6: Specific latent heat of vaporization
• Boiling – liquid is converted to vapour at a constant temperature.
• For a liquid substance to boil, heat must be supplied
• The amount of energy required to change state of a 1kg of a substance from liquid to
vapour at a constant temperature is called specific latent heat of vaporization (lv)
𝑸
𝒍𝒗 =
𝒎
Q- amount of energy supplied in Joules
m- mass of boiled liquid
• Units of lv are J/kg or J/g
• lv of water = 2260000J/kg or 2260J/g
• lv- is also the amount of energy required to completely separate the bonds within a liquid
structure
Consider water of 200g at 20oC heated until it boils at 100oC
A B
o o
Water @ 20 C Water @ 100 C Vapour @ 100oC
• Firstly, water is heated from 20oC to 100oC, without a change in phase , then change a
state when boiling at a constant temperature.
• Stage A , energy supplied = mc∆𝜃, Stage B, energy supplied = mlv
• Total amount of energy absorbed = QA + QB
= mc∆𝜃 + mlv
= 200(4.2)(100-20) + 200(2260)
= 519200J
• If the water is at 25 C heated to 100oC, then the block diagram is shown:
o
water @ 25oC water at 100oC vapour at 100oC
Total amount of energy supplied = mc∆𝜃 + mlv
Exercise
1. Water at 70oC is heated by means of a heater until it boils. If the power rating of the
heater is 250W, calculate the time taken to boil the water
2. Calculate the amount of energy required to boil 500g of water
3. Calculate the amount of energy required to melt 150g of ice at 00C to vapour at 1000C
Specific heat capacity of water =4.2J/g0C
Specific latent heat of fusion of ice =336J/g
Specific latent heat of vaporization = 2260J/g
@ LN-training the mind to think