MATH DAY 2010 at FAU

Competition B-Teams
NOTE:
1. Enter the name of your team on the answer sheet. Only one answer sheet per
team should be handed in. Detach the answer sheet from the rest of the test
before handing it in. You may keep the test as such.

2. Starred Problems Twenty of the problems are multiple choice. For the other
five problems (identified with a star beside their number) the answer is in every
case a positive integer which you enter directly beside the problem number on
the answer sheet. Make sure you write clearly.
3. In the multiple choice questions, the option NA stands for “None of the previous
answers is correct.”
4. In all questions, i stands for the imaginary unit; i2 = −1.
5. logb a denotes the logarithm in base b of a; logb a = c if and only if bc = a.
6. If n is a non-negative integer, then n! stands for the product of all positive inte-
gers in the range 1 − n if n ≥ 1, with 0! defined to be 1. That is:

0! = 1, 1! = 1, 2! = 2, 3! = 2·3 = 6, 4! = 2·3·4 = 24, 5! = 2·3·4·5 = 120, etc.

7. Do NOT assume that pictures are drawn to scale. They are merely intended as a
guide.

THE QUESTIONS

1. The percentage of salt in n ounces of a salt-water solution is n%. How many

ounces of salt must be added to make a solution that is 2n% salt?

n 2n 2n n2 n2
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) NA
100 + n 100 + n 100 − 2n 100 + 2n 100 − 2n

2. There are 5! = 120 five-digit numbers that can be formed by permuting 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

The sum of all these numbers is:

(A) 3, 999, 960 (B) 2, 876, 540 (C) 4, 969, 960 (D) 5, 600, 610 (E) 6, 975, 640 (F) NA
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3. 62 people are staying in a series of rooms labeled from 1 to 62, one person per
room. For reasons unknown, at some point all the people are told to leave their
rooms. People in rooms labeled 1 to 31 are told to go to the room that has twice
the number of their original room. People in the higher numbered rooms are then
told to occupy the remaining empty rooms (the odd numbered ones) keeping the
order in which they were before; that is, the person who was in room 32 goes to
room 1, the one who was in room 33 goes to room 3, etc.; the one who was in
room 62 goes to room 61. Suppose this operation gets repeated several times;
how many times must it be repeated for everybody to be back in the rooms they
occupied originally? For example, if instead of 62 rooms and 62 people we’d
only have had 4 rooms and 4 people we can label P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , writing them
out in the order of the rooms they are occupying, here is how things work out:

Original order : P1 P2 P3 P4
After one operation : P3 P1 P4 P2
After two operations : P4 P3 P2 P1
After three operations : P2 P4 P1 P3
After four operations : P1 P2 P3 P4

After 4 operations, people are back in their original rooms. Thinking modulo 63
can help. The question is: After how many operations of room changing will the
62 people be back in their original rooms?

(A) They’ll never be back in original order (B) 6

(C) 62 (D) 62! (E) NA

4. When (x + y + z)2010 is expanded and like terms are collected, how many terms
will there be? For example (x + y)4 has 5 terms after expansion and simplifica-
tion, while (x + y + z)2 has 6 terms.

(A) 2012 (B) 44, 100 (C) 2, 021, 055 (D) 2, 023, 066 (E) NA

5.⋆ Determine the largest real number solving the equation

1
log3 (x + 2) − log9 (x + 8) = .
2

Enter your answer, which should be a positive integer, directly in the provided
space in the answer sheet. Please write clearly.

6. How many pairs of numbers (a, b) are there such that a < b and ab = ba ?

(A) Exactly one such pair (B) Exactly two such pairs (C) There is no such pair
(D) There is an infinite number of such pairs (E) NA
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7. The function arctan x is defined for all real x by y = arctan x if and only if
|y| < π/2 and tan y = x. Which of the following equals cos(arctan x) for all
x?

p p 1 x
(A) x + 1 + x2 (B) 1 + x2 (C) √ (D) √ (E) NA
1 + x2 1 + x2

8. The following product

tan 1◦ tan 2◦ tan 3◦ · · · tan 87◦ tan 88◦ tan 89◦

is equal to

√ 1 π
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) √ (D) (E) NA
2 4

9. Suppose that (x + iy)2 = 16 + 30i, where x, y are real numbers and x > 0.
Then x + y equals
√ √
(A) 4 + 30 (B) 4 (C) 30 (D) 8 (E) NA

10. Suppose x2 + xy + x = 14 and y 2 + xy + y = 28. Which of the following is a

possible value of x + y?

(A) − 7 (B) − 6 (C) 0 (D) 7 (E) NA

11. When x100 + 3x99 − 1 is divided by x2 + 2x − 3, the remainder is:

(A) x + 2 (B) x + 1 (C) 2x + 1 (D) x − 1 (E) 3x − 2 (F) NA

12. Suppose that a + b = 3 and a2 + b2 = 7. Then a4 + b4 is equal to:

(A) 45 (B) 47 (C) 49 (D) 51 (E) 81 (F) NA

13. Let (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 ) solve the system

3x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 1
x1 + 3x2 + x3 + x4 + x5 = 4
x1 + x2 + 3x3 + x4 + x5 = 6
x1 + x2 + x3 + 3x4 + x5 = 3
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 + 3x5 = 0
Determine the product x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 .
1
(A) 0 (B) (C) 1 (D) 2 (E) NA
2
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14.⋆ The equation x4 − 19x3 + bx2 + 473x − 2010 = 0 has four distinct real roots.
The product of two of these roots is −30 (minus 30). Determine the value of b.
Enter your answer, which should be a positive integer, directly in the provided
space in the answer sheet. Please write clearly.

15. If k is the smallest number with the following property: If we write a list of k
different names there must be two names having the same first letters and the
same last letters (such as Jane and Julie, or Charles and Curtis), then

(A) k > 676 (B) k > 700 (C) k < 672 (D) k > 678 (E) NA

(Only the usual letters from A to Z are allowed; there is no distinction between
capitals and lower case).

16.⋆ Determine the smallest positive integer with the property that the last digit of its
decimal representation is 9, and such that if we erase this last digit of 9 and place
it in front of the number, the resulting number equals four times the original
number.
Enter your answer, which should be a positive integer, directly in the provided
space in the answer sheet. Please write clearly.

17. A lattice point in the plane is a point of coordinates (x, y) such that both x and
y are integers. We assume of course that we have set up a system of cartesian
coordinates. For example, the origin (0, 0) is a lattice point. So are the points of
coordinates (1, 1), (−2, 3), etc.
A line through the origin forming an angle of 60 degrees with the x-axis will go
through

(A) Exactly one lattice point (B) Exactly two lattice points
(C) A finite number ≥ 3 of lattice points (D) An infinite number of lattice points (E) NA

18.⋆ Of all points of the plane of coordinates (x, y) satisfying x2 + y 2 = 2x − 4y +

√4,
the distance to the origin of the one that is closest to the origin equals a − b,
where a, b are positive integers. Determine a + b.
Enter your answer, which should be a positive integer, directly in the provided
space in the answer sheet. Please write clearly.

19. Equation x2 + 4y 2 − 6x + 5 = 0 represents an ellipse. Determine the distance

between its foci.
√ √ √ √
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 3 (D) 5 (E) 2 5 (F) NA
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20. Two parallel chords in a circle have lengths 6 and 8. The distance between them
is 1. Then the diameter of the circle is:

(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D) 14 (E) NA

21.⋆ A hexagon having 4 sides of length 15 and the remaining two sides of length 41,
is inscribed in a circle. Determine the radius of the circle.
b
b

b
b

Enter your answer, which should be a positive integer, directly in the provided
space in the answer sheet. Please write clearly.

22. If the circle in the picture below has radius 1 and the angle θ equals 30 degrees,
compute the area of the shaded region.

1 1 1√ 1√
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) 3 (E) NA
4 2 2 4
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23. The point P is at distance 3 from the center of a circle of radius 1. The regular
hexagon of vertices A, B, C, D, E, F is inscribed in the circle in such a way the
A is on the line from the center of the circle to P . Determine the product

|P A| · |P B| · |P C| · |P D| · |P E| · |P F |

of the distances from P to the vertices of the hexagon.

C B

A P
D

E F

√ √
(A) 728 (B) 729 (C) 420 3 (D) 421 3 (E) NA

24. Determine the area common to two half-circles that have their diameters on two
parallel lines 1 unit apart, and their centers on a line perpendicular to the parallel
lines, as in the figure below.

√ ! √ ! √ √
π 3 π 3 3π 3 2π
(A) 2 − (B) 2 + (C) (D) (E) NA
3 4 3 4 4 4
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25. In the picture, exactly ten circles fit between the inner (shaded) circle and the
outer circle, so that each of the ten little circles are tangent to the inner circle, to
the outer circle, no two intersect, and each one is tangent to two others (one on
each side).
If the radius of the inner circle is 1, determine which of the following is closest
to the radius of the outer circle

(A) 1.8940 (B) 1.8944 (C) 1.8948 (D) 1.8952 (E) 1.8956