APS/123-QED

1 The title should simply and concisely convey the main findings.
2 Avoid nonstandard abbreviations and acronyms.

3 Ann Author∗ and Second Author†

4 Authors’ affiliations
5 Include all institutions where the work was conducted: department or division,
6 institution, city, state (if relevant),
7 and country, in this order.

8 Charlie Author‡
9 First affiliation for this author and
10 second institution for this author

11 Delta Author
12 Authors’ institution and/or address
13 This line break forced with \\

14 (CLEO Collaboration)
15 (Dated: September 5, 2024)

1
 Abstract
An article usually includes an abstract, a concise summary of the work covered at length in the
main body of the article.

Usage: Secondary publications and information retrieval purposes.

Structure: You may use the description environment to structure your abstract; use the op-
tional argument of the \item command to give the category of each item.

16 I. FIRST-LEVEL HEADING:
17 THE LINE BREAK WAS FORCED via \\

18 This sample document demonstrates proper use of REVTEX 4.2 (and LATEX 2ε ) in
19 manuscripts prepared for submission to APS journals. Further information can be found
20 in the REVTEX 4.2 documentation included in the distribution or available at http:
21 //[Link]/revtex/.
22 When commands are referred to in this example file, they are always shown with their
23 required arguments, using normal TEX format. In this format, #1, #2, etc. stand for required
24 author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in \section{#1} the #1 stands for
25 the title text of the author’s section heading, and in \title{#1} the #1 stands for the title
26 text of the paper.
27 Line breaks in section headings at all levels can be introduced using \\. A blank input
28 line tells TEX that the paragraph has ended. Note that top-level section headings are
29 automatically uppercased. If a specific letter or word should appear in lowercase instead,
30 you must escape it using \lowercase{#1} as in the word “via” above.

31 A. Second-level heading: Formatting

32 This file may be formatted in either the preprint or reprint style. reprint format
33 mimics final journal output. Either format may be used for submission purposes. letter
34 sized paper should be used when submitting to APS journals.
∗
Also at Physics Department, XYZ University.
†
Contact author: [Link]@[Link]
‡
[Link]

2
35 1. Wide text (A level-3 head)

36 The widetext environment will make the text the width of the full page, as on page 8.
37 (Note the use the \pageref{#1} command to refer to the page number.)
38 a. Note (Fourth-level head is run in). The width-changing commands only take effect
39 in two-column formatting. There is no effect if text is in a single column.

40 B. Citations and references

41 A citation in text uses the command \cite{#1} or \onlinecite{#1} and refers to an

42 entry in the bibliography. An entry in the bibliography is a reference to another document.

43 1. Citations

44 Because REVTEX uses the natbib package of Patrick Daly, the entire repertoire of com-
45 mands in that package are available for your document; see the natbib documentation for
46 further details. Please note that REVTEX requires version 8.31a or later of natbib.
47 a. Syntax. The argument of \cite may be a single key, or may consist of a comma-
48 separated list of keys. The citation key may contain letters, numbers, the dash (-) character,
49 or the period (.) character. New with natbib 8.3 is an extension to the syntax that allows
50 for a star (*) form and two optional arguments on the citation key itself. The syntax of the
51 \cite command is thus (informally stated)

52 \cite { key }, or
53 \cite { optarg+key }, or
54 \cite { optarg+key , optarg+key. . . },
55 where optarg+key signifies

56 key, or
57 *key, or
58 [pre]key, or
59 [pre][post]key, or even
60 *[pre][post]key.

3
61 where pre and post is whatever text you wish to place at the beginning and end, respectively,
62 of the bibliographic reference (see Ref. [1] and the two under Ref. [2]). (Keep in mind that
63 no automatic space or punctuation is applied.) It is highly recommended that you put the
64 entire pre or post portion within its own set of braces, for example: \cite { [ {text}]key}.
65 The extra set of braces will keep LATEX out of trouble if your text contains the comma (,)
66 character.
67 The star (*) modifier to the key signifies that the reference is to be merged with the
68 previous reference into a single bibliographic entry, a common idiom in APS and AIP articles
69 (see below, Ref. [2]). When references are merged in this way, they are separated by a
70 semicolon instead of the period (full stop) that would otherwise appear.
71 b. Eliding repeated information. When a reference is merged, some of its fields may be
72 elided: for example, when the author matches that of the previous reference, it is omitted.
73 If both author and journal match, both are omitted. If the journal matches, but the author
74 does not, the journal is replaced by ibid., as exemplified by Ref. [2]. These rules embody
75 common editorial practice in APS and AIP journals and will only be in effect if the markup
76 features of the APS and AIP BibTEX styles is employed.
77 c. The options of the cite command itself. Please note that optional arguments to the
78 key change the reference in the bibliography, not the citation in the body of the document.
79 For the latter, use the optional arguments of the \cite command itself: \cite *[pre-cite]
80 [post-cite]{key-list}.

81 2. Example citations

82 By default, citations are numerical [3]. Author-year citations are used when the journal
83 is RMP. To give a textual citation, use \onlinecite{#1}: Refs. 1 and 4. By default, the
84 natbib package automatically sorts your citations into numerical order and “compresses”
85 runs of three or more consecutive numerical citations. REVTEX provides the ability to
86 automatically change the punctuation when switching between journal styles that provide
87 citations in square brackets and those that use a superscript style instead. This is done
88 through the citeautoscript option. For instance, the journal style prb automatically
89 invokes this option because Physical Review B uses superscript-style citations. The effect
90 is to move the punctuation, which normally comes after a citation in square brackets, to

4
 91 its proper position before the superscript. To illustrate, we cite several together [1, 2, 4–
92 6], and once again in different order (Refs. [1, 2, 4–6]). Note that the citations were both
93 compressed and sorted. Futhermore, running this sample file under the prb option will move
94 the punctuation to the correct place.
95 When the prb class option is used, the \cite{#1} command displays the reference’s
96 number as a superscript rather than in square brackets. Note that the location of the
97 \cite{#1} command should be adjusted for the reference style: the superscript references
98 in prb style must appear after punctuation; otherwise the reference must appear before
99 any punctuation. This sample was written for the regular (non-prb) citation style. The
100 command \onlinecite{#1} in the prb style also displays the reference on the baseline.

101 3. References

102 A reference in the bibliography is specified by a \bibitem{#1} command with the same
103 argument as the \cite{#1} command. \bibitem{#1} commands may be crafted by hand or,
104 preferably, generated by BibTEX. REVTEX 4.2 includes BibTEX style files [Link],
105 [Link] appropriate for Physical Review and Reviews of Modern Physics, respec-
106 tively.

107 4. Example references

108 This sample file employs the \bibliography command, which formats the [Link]
109 file and specifies which bibliographic databases are to be used by BibTEX (one of these should
110 be by arXiv convention [Link]). Running BibTEX (via bibtex output) after the first
111 pass of LATEX produces the file [Link] which contains the automatically formatted
112 \bibitem commands (including extra markup information via \bibinfo and \bibfield
113 commands). If not using BibTEX, you will have to create the thebibiliography environ-
114 ment and its \bibitem commands by hand.
115 Numerous examples of the use of the APS bibliographic entry types appear in the bib-
116 liography of this sample document. You can refer to the [Link] file, and compare its
117 information to the formatted bibliography itself.

5
118 C. Footnotes

119 Footnotes, produced using the \footnote{#1} command, usually integrated into the
120 bibliography alongside the other entries. Numerical citation styles do this[7]; author-year
121 citation styles place the footnote at the bottom of the text column. Note: due to the method
122 used to place footnotes in the bibliography, you must re-run BibTEX every time you change
123 any of your document’s footnotes.

124 II. MATH AND EQUATIONS

125 Inline math may be typeset using the $ delimiters. Bold math symbols may be achieved
126 using the bm package and the \bm{#1} command it supplies. For instance, a bold α can
127 be typeset as $\bm{\alpha}$ giving α. Fraktur and Blackboard (or open face or double
128 struck) characters should be typeset using the \mathfrak{#1} and \mathbb{#1} commands
129 respectively. Both are supplied by the amssymb package. For example, $\mathbb{R}$ gives
130 R and $\mathfrak{G}$ gives G
131 In LATEX there are many different ways to display equations, and a few preferred ways
132 are noted below. Displayed math will center by default. Use the class option fleqn to flush
133 equations left.
134 Below we have numbered single-line equations; this is the most common type of equation
135 in Physical Review :
 
|p| + pz
χ+ (p) ≲ [2|p|(|p| + pz )]−1/2  , (1)
px + ipy
1 ab
 P 
11234567890abc123αβγδ1234556αβ . (2)
A2
136 Note the open one in Eq. (2).
137 Not all numbered equations will fit within a narrow column this way. The equation
138 number will move down automatically if it cannot fit on the same line with a one-line
139 equation:
1 ab
 P 
ab12345678abc123456abcdef αβγδ1234556αβ 2 . (3)
A
140 When the \label{#1} command is used [cf. input for Eq. (2)], the equation can be
141 referred to in text without knowing the equation number that TEX will assign to it. Just
142 use \ref{#1}, where #1 is the same name that used in the \label{#1} command.

6
143 Unnumbered single-line equations can be typeset using the \[, \] format:

g+g+ → g+g+g+g+ . . . , q+q+ → q+g+g+ . . . .

144 A. Multiline equations

145 Multiline equations are obtained by using the eqnarray environment. Use the \nonumber
146 command at the end of each line to avoid assigning a number:

M =igZ2 (4E1 E2 )1/2 (li2 )−1 δσ1 ,−σ2 (gσe 2 )2 χ−σ2 (p2 )
×[ϵj li ϵi ]σ1 χσ1 (p1 ), (4)
147

X
|Mgviol |2 = gS2n−4 (Q2 ) N n−2 (N 2 − 1)
!
X X 1 1 X
× cfτ . (5)
i<j
S S
perm 12 12 τ

148 Note: Do not use \label{#1} on a line of a multiline equation if \nonumber is also used
149 on that line. Incorrect cross-referencing will result. Notice the use \text{#1} for using a
150 Roman font within a math environment.
151 To set a multiline equation without any equation numbers, use the \begin{eqnarray*},
152 \end{eqnarray*} format:
X
|Mgviol |2 = gS2n−4 (Q2 ) N n−2 (N 2 − 1)
! !
X X 1 1
× .
i<j
S S S
perm 12 23 n1
S12

153 To obtain numbers not normally produced by the automatic numbering, use the \tag{#1}
154 command, where #1 is the desired equation number. For example, to get an equation number
155 of (2.6′ ),
g+g+ → g+g+g+g+ . . . , q+q+ → q+g+g+ . . . . (2.6′ )

156 a. A few notes on tags \tag{#1} requires the amsmath package. Place the \tag{#1}
157 command before the \label{#1}, if any. The numbering produced by \tag{#1} does not
158 affect the automatic numbering in REVTEX; therefore, the number must be known ahead
159 of time, and it must be manually adjusted if other equations are added. \tag{#1} works
160 with both single-line and multiline equations. \tag{#1} should only be used in exceptional

7
161 cases—do not use it to number many equations in your paper. Please note that this feature
162 of the amsmath package is not compatible with the hyperref (6.77u) package.
163 Enclosing display math within \begin{subequations} and \end{subequations} will
164 produce a set of equations that are labeled with letters, as shown in Eqs. (6b) and (6a)
165 below. You may include any number of single-line and multiline equations, although it is
166 probably not a good idea to follow one display math directly after another.

M =igZ2 (4E1 E2 )1/2 (li2 )−1 (gσe 2 )2 χ−σ2 (p2 )

×[ϵi ]σ1 χσ1 (p1 ). (6a)

167
1 ab
 P 
abc123456abcdef αβγδ1234556αβ 2 , (6b)
A
168 Giving a \label{#1} command directly after the \begin{subequations}, allows you to
169 reference all the equations in the subequations environment. For example, the equations
170 in the preceding subequations environment were Eqs. (6).

171 1. Wide equations

172 The equation that follows is set in a wide format, i.e., it spans the full page. The wide
173 format is reserved for long equations that cannot easily be set in a single column:

[ΓZ (3, 21)]σ1 [ΓZ (13, 2)]σ1 [Γγ (3, 21)]σ1 [Γγ (13, 2)]σ1
   
(d)
R = gσe 2 + 2 + xW Qe + 2 . (7)
Q212 − MW 2
Q13 − MW 2
Q212 − MW 2
Q13 − MW 2

174 This is typed to show how the output appears in wide format. (Incidentally, since there is
175 no blank line between the equation environment above and the start of this paragraph, this
176 paragraph is not indented.)

177 III. CROSS-REFERENCING

178 REVTEX will automatically number such things as sections, footnotes, equations, figure
179 captions, and table captions. In order to reference them in text, use the \label{#1} and
180 \ref{#1} commands. To reference a particular page, use the \pageref{#1} command.
181 The \label{#1} should appear within the section heading, within the footnote text,
182 within the equation, or within the table or figure caption. The \ref{#1} command is used

8
183 in text at the point where the reference is to be displayed. Some examples: Section I on
186
185
184 page 2, Table I, and Fig. 1.

187 IV. FLOATS: FIGURES, TABLES, VIDEOS, ETC.

188 Figures and tables are usually allowed to “float”, which means that their placement is
189 determined by LATEX, while the document is being typeset.
190 Use the figure environment for a figure, the table environment for a table. In each
191 case, use the \caption command within to give the text of the figure or table caption along
192 with the \label command to provide a key for referring to this figure or table. The typical
195
194
193 content of a figure is an image of some kind; that of a table is an alignment.
196 Insert an image using either the graphics or graphix packages, which define the
197 \includegraphics{#1} command. (The two packages differ in respect of the optional
198 arguments used to specify the orientation, scaling, and translation of the image.) To create
199 an alignment, use the tabular environment.
200 The best place to locate the figure or table environment is immediately following its
201 first reference in text; this sample document illustrates this practice for Fig. 1, which shows
202 a figure that is small enough to fit in a single column.
203 In exceptional cases, you will need to move the float earlier in the document, as was done

TABLE I. A table that fits into a single column of a two-column layout. Note that REVTEX 4
adjusts the intercolumn spacing so that the table fills the entire width of the column. Table
captions are numbered automatically. This table illustrates left-, center-, decimal- and right-aligned
columns, along with the use of the ruledtabular environment which sets the Scotch (double) rules
above and below the alignment, per APS style.

Lefta Centeredb Decimal Right

1 2 3.001 4
10 20 30 40
100 200 300.0 400

a
Note a.
b
Note b.

9
 TABLE II. This is a wide table that spans the full page width in a two-column layout. It is
formatted using the table* environment. It also demonstates the use of \multicolumn in rows
with entries that span more than one column.
1
D4h 5
D4h
Ion 1st alternative 2nd alternative lst alternative 2nd alternative

K (2e) + (2f ) (4i) (2c) + (2d) (4f )

Mn (2g)a (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) (4e) (2a) + (2b)
Cl (a) + (b) + (c) + (d) (2g)a (4e)a
He (8r)a (4j)a (4g)a
Ag (4k)a (4h)a

a
The z parameter of these positions is z ∼ 14 .

204 with Table II: LATEX’s float placement algorithms need to know about a full-page-width float
205 earlier.
206 Fig. 2 has content that is too wide for a single column, so the figure* environment has
208
207 been used.
209 The content of a table is typically a tabular environment, giving rows of type in aligned
210 columns. Column entries separated by &’s, and each row ends with \\. The required
211 argument for the tabular environment specifies how data are aligned in the columns. For
212 instance, entries may be centered, left-justified, right-justified, aligned on a decimal point.
213 Extra column-spacing may be be specified as well, although REVTEX 4 sets this spacing so
214 that the columns fill the width of the table. Horizontal rules are typeset using the \hline
215 command. The doubled (or Scotch) rules that appear at the top and bottom of a table can

Test Figure

FIG. 1. A figure caption. The figure captions are automatically numbered.

10
 Wide Test Figure

FIG. 2. Use the figure* environment to get a wide figure that spans the page in twocolumn
formatting.

216 be achieved enclosing the tabular environment within a ruledtabular environment. Rows
217 whose columns span multiple columns can be typeset using the \multicolumn{#1}{#2}{#3}
218 command (for example, see the first row of Table II).
220
219 Tables I, II, III, and IV show various effects. A table that fits in a single column employs
221 the table environment. Table II is a wide table, set with the table* environment. Long
222 tables may need to break across pages. The most straightforward way to accomplish this
223 is to specify the [H] float placement on the table or table* environment. However, the
224 LATEX 2ε package longtable allows headers and footers to be specified for each page of the
225 table. A simple example of the use of longtable can be found in the file [Link] that
226 is included with the REVTEX 4 distribution.
227 There are two methods for setting footnotes within a table (these footnotes will be dis-
228 played directly below the table rather than at the bottom of the page or in the bibliogra-
229 phy). The easiest and preferred method is just to use the \footnote{#1} command. This

TABLE III. Numbers in columns Three–Five are aligned with the “d” column specifier (requires
the dcolumn package). Non-numeric entries (those entries without a “.”) in a “d” column are
aligned on the decimal point. Use the “D” specifier for more complex layouts.

One Two Three Four Five

one two three four five

He 2 2.77234 45672. 0.69
Ca Cb 12537.64 37.66345 86.37

a
Some tables require footnotes.
b
Some tables need more than one footnote.

11
230 will automatically enumerate the footnotes with lowercase roman letters. However, it is
231 sometimes necessary to have multiple entries in the table share the same footnote. In this
232 case, there is no choice but to manually create the footnotes using \footnotemark[#1] and
233 \footnotetext[#1]{#2}. #1 is a numeric value. Each time the same value for #1 is used,
234 the same mark is produced in the table. The \footnotetext[#1]{#2} commands are placed
235 after the tabular environment. Examine the LATEX source and output for Tables I and IV
236 for examples.

237 Video 1 illustrates several features new with REVTEX4.2, starting with the video en-
239
238 vironment, which is in the same category with figure and table. The \setfloatlink
240 command causes the title of the video to be a hyperlink to the indicated URL; it may be
241 used with any environment that takes the \caption command. The \href command has

TABLE IV. A table with numerous columns that still fits into a single column. Here, several entries
share the same footnote. Inspect the LATEX input for this table to see exactly how it is done.

rc (Å) r0 (Å) κr0 rc (Å) r0 (Å) κr0

Cu 0.800 14.10 2.550 Sna 0.680 1.870 3.700

Ag 0.990 15.90 2.710 Pbb 0.450 1.930 3.760
Au 1.150 15.90 2.710 Cac 0.750 2.170 3.560
Mg 0.490 17.60 3.200 Srd 0.900 2.370 3.720
Zn 0.300 15.20 2.970 Lib 0.380 1.730 2.830
Cd 0.530 17.10 3.160 Nae 0.760 2.110 3.120
Hg 0.550 17.80 3.220 Ke 1.120 2.620 3.480
Al 0.230 15.80 3.240 Rbc 1.330 2.800 3.590
Ga 0.310 16.70 3.330 Csd 1.420 3.030 3.740
In 0.460 18.40 3.500 Bae 0.960 2.460 3.780
Tl 0.480 18.90 3.550

a
Here’s the first, from Ref. 2.
b
Here’s the second.
c
Here’s the third.
d
Here’s the fourth.
e
And etc.

12
 Clip A Frame Clip B Frame

Video 1. Students explain their initial idea about Newton’s third law to a teaching assistant. Clip
(a): same force. Clip (b): move backwards.

242 the same significance as it does in the context of the hyperref package: the second argument
243 is a piece of text to be typeset in your document; the first is its hyperlink, a URL.
244 Physical Review style requires that the initial citation of figures or tables be in numerical
245 order in text, so don’t cite Fig. 2 until Fig. 1 has been cited.

246 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

247 We wish to acknowledge the support of the author community in using REVTEX, offering
248 suggestions and encouragement, testing new versions, . . . .

249 Appendix A: Appendixes

250 To start the appendixes, use the \appendix command. This signals that all following
251 section commands refer to appendixes instead of regular sections. Therefore, the \appendix
252 command should be used only once—to setup the section commands to act as appendixes.
253 Thereafter normal section commands are used. The heading for a section can be left empty.
254 For example,

255 \appendix
256 \section{}

257 will produce an appendix heading that says “APPENDIX A” and

258 \appendix
259 \section{Background}

13
260 will produce an appendix heading that says “APPENDIX A: BACKGROUND” (note that
261 the colon is set automatically).
262 If there is only one appendix, then the letter “A” should not appear. This is suppressed
263 by using the star version of the appendix command (\appendix* in the place of \appendix).

264 Appendix B: A little more on appendixes

265 Observe that this appendix was started by using

266 \section{A little more on appendixes}

267 Note the equation number in an appendix:

E = mc2 . (B1)

268 1. A subsection in an appendix

269 You can use a subsection or subsubsection in an appendix. Note the numbering: we are
270 now in Appendix B 1.
271 Note the equation numbers in this appendix, produced with the subequations environ-
272 ment:

E = mc, (B2a)
E = mc2 , (B2b)
E ≳ mc3 . (B2c)

273 They turn out to be Eqs. (B2a), (B2b), and (B2c).

274 [1] E. Witten, (2001), hep-th/0106109, and references therein

275 [2] See the explanation of time travel in R. P. Feynman, Phys. Rev. 94, 262 (1954); The classical
276 relativistic treatment of A. Einstein, Yu. Podolsky, and N. Rosen (EPR), ibid. 47, 777 (1935)
277 is a relative classic
278 [3] E. Beutler, in Williams Hematology, Vol. 2, edited by E. Beutler, M. A. Lichtman, B. W.
279 Coller, and T. S. Kipps (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994) Chap. 7, pp. 654–662, 5th ed.

14
280 [4] N. D. Birell and P. C. W. Davies, Quantum Fields in Curved Space (Cambridge University
281 Press, 1982).
282 [5] J. G. P. Berman and J. F. M. Izrailev, Stability of nonlinear modes, Physica D 88, 445 (1983).
283 [6] E. B. Davies and L. Parns, Trapped modes in acoustic waveguides, Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math.
284 51, 477 (1988).
285 [7] Automatically placing footnotes into the bibliography requires using BibTeX to compile the
286 bibliography.
287 [8] E. Beutler, in Williams Hematology, Vol. 2, edited by E. Beutler, M. A. Lichtman, B. W.
288 Coller, and T. S. Kipps (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1994) 5th ed., Chap. 7, pp. 654–662.
289 [9] D. E. Knuth, in Fundamental Algorithms, The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 1
290 (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1973) Section 1.2, pp. 10–119, 2nd ed., a full IN-
291 BOOK entry.
292 [10] J. S. Smith and G. W. Johnson, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 777, 1395 (2005).
293 [11] W. J. Smith, T. J. Johnson, and B. G. Miller, Surface chemistry and preferential crystal
294 orientation on a silicon surface (2010), J. Appl. Phys. (unpublished).
295 [12] V. K. Smith, K. Johnson, and M. O. Klein, Surface chemistry and preferential crystal orien-
296 tation on a silicon surface (2010), J. Appl. Phys. (submitted).
297 [13] U. Ünderwood, N. Ñet, and P. P̄ot, Lower bounds for wishful research results (1988), talk at
298 Fanstord University (A full UNPUBLISHED entry).
299 [14] M. P. Johnson, K. L. Miller, and K. Smith, personal communication (2007).
300 [15] J. Smith, ed., AIP Conf. Proc., Vol. 841 (2007).
301 [16] W. V. Oz and M. Yannakakis, eds., Proc. Fifteenth Annual, All ACM Conferences No. 17,
302 ACM (Academic Press, Boston, 1983) a full PROCEEDINGS entry.
303 [17] Y. Burstyn, Proceedings of the 5th International Molecular Beam Epitaxy Conference, Santa
304 Fe, NM (2004), (unpublished).
305 [18] B. Quinn, ed., Proceedings of the 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference, Portland, OR, 12-16
306 May 2005 (Wiley, New York, 2001) albeit the conference was held in 2005, it was the 2003
307 conference, and the proceedings were published in 2001; go figure.
308 [19] A. G. Agarwal, Proceedings of the Fifth Low Temperature Conference, Madison, WI, 1999,
309 Semiconductors 66, 1238 (2001).
310 [20] R. Smith, Hummingbirds are our friends, J. Appl. Phys. (these proceedings) (2001), abstract

15
311 No. DA-01.
312 [21] J. Smith, Proc. SPIE 124, 367 (2007), required title is missing.
313 [22] T. Térrific, An O(n log n/log log n) Sorting Algorithm, Wishful Research Result 7 (Fanstord
314 University, Computer Science Department, Fanstord, California, 1988) a full TECHREPORT
315 entry.
316 [23] J. Nelson, TWI Report 666/1999 (Jan. 1999) required institution missing.
317 [24] W. K. Fields, ECE Report No. AL944 (2005) required institution missing.
318 [25] Y. M. Zalkins, e-print arXiv:cond-mat/040426 (2008).
319 [26] J. Nelson, U.S. Patent No. 5,693,000 (12 Dec. 2005).
320 [27] J. K. Nelson, M.S. thesis, New York University (1999).
321 [28] É. Masterly, Mastering Thesis Writing, Master’s project, Stanford University, English Depart-
322 ment (1988), a full MASTERSTHESIS entry.
323 [29] S. M. Smith, Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2003).
324 [30] S. R. Kawa and S.-J. Lin, J. Geophys. Res. 108, 4201 (2003), DOI:10.1029/2002JD002268.
325 [31] F. P. Phony-Baloney, Fighting Fire with Fire: Festooning French Phrases, PhD dissertation,
326 Fanstord University, Department of French (1988), a full PHDTHESIS entry.
327 [32] D. E. Knuth, Seminumerical Algorithms, 2nd ed., The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 2
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