CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
- includes purpose and reason behind the conduct of the study. (What made you conduct the study?)
- It also serves as the introduction.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
-The main problem that the research is trying to solve. It follows the formulation of the title and should
be faithful to it. It specifically points the important questions that the study needs to answer.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- Why conduct the study?
- You have to identify who will benefit from the research and how they will be benefitted. This should
match with the Recommendations.
ASSUMPTIONS OF THE STUDY
-The expected outcome of the research.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
- determines the coverage of the study and all the things that it will not cover in order to be specific.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
-defines technical terms based on how they are used in the study, specifically in the title. This aims to
provide the readers or future researches with the basic terminologies that are important to understand
the paper.
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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
-This is where you will use your note cards and will serve as the foundation of your research.
- This is your own work and therefore should not directly lift words from other sources. This will require
your command of language and writing skills such as summarizing, paraphrasing and writing indirect
speeches.
STEP 1 - Organize your note cards on how you would want them to appear in the chapter.
STEP 2 - Begin writing the chapter while including the surnames of authors who provided sources for
your study and the publication date of their work in parentheses.
STEP 3- Edit. Rewrite.
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CHAPTER 3
METHOD AND PROCEDURES
METHOD OF RESEARCH
- The kind of research used by your study. This answers why the method used is appropriate for the
study.
SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY
-describe your respondents; who they are, what their profile is, where they are from, etc.
PARTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
-The first part of your research paper is your introduction.
-This is where you provide an introduction to the topic of your thesis: you give the context in terms of
content of the research project.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
-mainly focuses on the question "Who will benefit from the study?".
-This section will state the contribution of your study and the usefulness of your study in the society.
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RELATED LITERATURE
- In this part you must get your data and information from any books, magazines, and newspapers. You
must label your published material with local or foreign.
-Must be also organized to cover specific problems.
-Must take all the evidences about the problem with the author's experiences.
-As much as possible, get the latest published materials. Avoid old published materials.
-It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it.
- On the last of this part you must have a statement how this old published material helps the
researcher in their current study and relate it to your study.
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
- the problem must be reflected to your title or the readers must know your problem by just simply
reading your topic.
- The problem must be arranged in the flow of your documentation or study
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INTERPRETATION OF DATA
-establish interconnection between and among data
- check for indicators whether hypothesis/es is/are supported or not by findings.
- link the presented in the introduction.
ACTION PLAN
-this describes the problem, research design, and the findings (answer to the questions raised). The
recommended format is the paragraph from instead of the enumeration form.
- For each of the problems, present:
- The salient findings,
- The results of the hypothesis tested
RESEARCH
- A form of disciplined enquiry that involves studying something in a planned manner and reporting it so
that other researchers can potentially replicate the process it they choose.
- The search for knowledge through objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem is
research.
INTRODUCTION
- What should be included in Introduction?
- Introduce your topic
- create some context and background
- Tell your reader about the research you plan to carry out
- State your rationale
-Explain why your research is important
-State your hypothesis
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LITERATURE REVIEW
- To attain good knowledge of the field of inquiry-facts.
- Methodologies common to the field
-Proposed research is really needed
-Helps to narrow a problem
-Generation of hypothesis, research questions for further studies
-Commence a long-term study of interest
Parts of CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
ASSUMPTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
DEFINITION OF TERMS
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INTRODUCTION
- Discuss four (4) relevant ideas:
- TOPICS or subject matter: Define and elaborate using methods of paragraph development like
classification and giving examples.
- IMPORTANCE of the topic: Cite the role that the topic plays in your life and the benefits you derive
from it.
- REASONS for choosing the topic: emphasized what motivated you to choose the topic.
- PURPOSE of the study. Discuss the objective of the study.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
-consist of statements on what led the investigator to launch the study.
- may have been generated by some emperical observations, the need to explore the problem and some
other relevant conditions.
-describe as clearly as possible the problem intended to be addressed and refer to the relevant
literature in the field.
- it is an overview of factors which have led to the problem, comprise the problem and historical
significance relative to the problem.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
- There should be a general statement of the whole problem followed by the specific questions or sub
problems into which the general problem is broken up.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
- This is the foundation of the research study. These are higly related theories and principles that were
established and proven by authorities.
- an organized body that explains what has been done and what has been said on the topic or problem
being investigated.
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What must be obtained from a theory?
- The name/s of author/s of the theory must be taken including the place and the time/year when he or
she postulated such a principale or theory
- the part of theory which is relevant to your study
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- it serves as a guide in conducting investigation.
- Paradigm is a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual framework. It presents a more vivid or clear
way as to what the conceptual framework wants to convey.
ASSUMPTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS
- Assumptions. a belief that forms one of the bases for the research. This belief is not to be tested or
supported with empirical data. Very often belief is not stated in a research proposal.
- Hypothesis is a tentative answer to a research question, it can be derived from the observation before
the research is conducted. This is called inductive hypothesis. If from the theory, it is called deductive
hypothesis.
KIDS OF HYPOTHESIS
- Research Hypothesis is usually developed from experience, literature or theory, or combination of
these. This is the expected relationship between variables.
- NULL HYPOTHESIS is the one that states NO relationship between variables. The function is to let the
research test the hypothesis statistically.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
- a brief statement of the general purpose of the study.
- The subject matter and topics studied and discussed.
- The locale of the study, where the data were gathered or the entity to which the data belong.
- The population or group from which the respondents were selected. This must be large enough to
make generalizations significant.
- The period of the study. This is the time, either months or years, during which the data were gathered.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
- include the weakneses of the study beyond the control of the research.
VARIABLES
- is the operationalized way in which the attribute is represented for further data processing.
- It is any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an experiment.
TYPES OF VARIABLES
- The independent variable is the one condition that you change in an experiment.
- The dependent variable is the variable that you measure or observe. It is the factor that is dependent
on the state of the independent variable.
- A CONTOLLED VARIABLES OR CONSTANT VARIABLE does not change during an experiment.
- EXTRANEOUS VARIABLES are "extra" variables that may influence the outcome of an experiment, but
aren't taken into account during measurement.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
- the rationale, timeliness and/or relevance of the study to wxisiting conditions must be explained or
discussed.
- Possible solutions to exisitng problems or improvement to unsatisfactory conditions.
- who are to be benefited and how they are going to benefit from the study.
- Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge.
- Possible imploications. It should be discussed here that the implictions include the possible causes of
the problems discovered, the possible effects of the problems, and the remedial measures to solve the
problems.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
- Only terms, words, or phrases which have special or significant meaning in the study are defined.
- Terms should be defined operationally, that is how they are used in the study.
- Theresearcher may develop his own definition from the characteritics of the term defined.
- Acronyms should always be spelled out fully.
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