READING PASSAGE 1

Save the Turtles

A. Leatherback turtles follow the general sea turtle body plan of having a large,
flattened, round body with two pairs of very large flippers and a short tail. Like
other sea turtles, the leatherback’s flattened forelimbs are adapted for swimming
in the open ocean. Claws are absent from both pairs of flippers. The
Leatherback’s flippers are the largest in proportion to its body among extant sea
turtles. Leatherback’s front flippers can grow up to 2.7 meters (9 ft) in large
specimens, the largest flippers (even in comparison to its body) of any sea turtle.
As the last surviving member of its family, the leatherback turtle has several
distinguishing characteristics that differentiate it from other sea turtles. Its most
notable feature is that it lacks the bony carapace of the other extant sea turtles.
B. During the past month, four turtles have washed up along Irish coasts from
Wexford to Kerry. These turtles arc more typical of warmer waters and only occur
in Irish waters when they stray off course. It is likely that they may have
originated from Florida, America. Two specimens have been taken to Coastal
and Marine Resources Centre (stored at the National Maritime College),
University College Cork, where a necropsy (post mortem for animals) will be
conducted to establish their age, sex and their exact origin. During
this same period, two leatherback turtles were found in Scotland, and a rare
Kemp’s Ridley turtle was found in Wales, thus making it an exceptional month for
stranded turtles in Ireland and the UK.
C. Actually, There has been extensive research conducted regarding the sea turtles’
abilities to return to their nesting regions and sometimes exact locations from
hundreds of miles away. In the water, their path is greatly affected by powerful
currents. Despite their limited vision, and lack of landmarks in the open water,
turtles are able to retrace their migratory paths. Some explanations of this
phenomenon have found that sea turtles can detect the angle and intensity of the
earth’s magnetic fields.
D. However, Loggerhead turtles are not normally found in Irish
waters, because water temperatures here are far too cold for their survival.
Instead, adult loggerheads prefer the warmers waters of the Mediterranean, the
Caribbean and North America’s east coast. The four turtles that were found have
probably originated from the North American population of loggerheads. However
it will require genetic analysis to confirm this assumption. It is thought
that after leaving their nesting beach as hatchlings (when they measure 4.5 cm in
length), these tiny turtles enter the North Atlantic Gyre (a giant circular ocean
current) that takes them from America, across to Europe (Azores area), down
towards North Africa, before being transported back again to America via
a different current. This remarkable round trip may take many years
during which these tiny turtles grow by several centimetres a year. Loggerheads
may circulate around the North Atlantic several times before they settle in the
coastal waters of Florida or the Caribbean.
E. These four turtles were probably on their way around the Atlantic when they
strayed a bit too far north from the Gulf Stream. Once they did, their fate was
sealed, as the cooler waters of the North East Atlantic are too cold for

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 loggerheads (unlike leatherback turtles which have many anatomical and
physiological adaptations to enable them to swim in our seas). Once in cool
waters, the body of a loggerhead begins to shut down as they get ‘cold stunned’,
then get hypothermia and die.
F. Leatherbacks are in immanent danger of extinction. A critical factor (among
others) is the harvesting of eggs from nests. Valued as a food delicacy,
Leatherback eggs are falsely touted to have aphrodisiacal properties in some
cultures. The leatherback, unlike the Green Sea turtle, is not often killed for its
meat; however, the increase in human populations coupled with the growing
black market trade has escalated their egg depletion, other critical factors
causing the leatherbacks’ decline are pollution such as plastics (leatherbacks eat
this debris thinking it is jellyfish; fishing practices such as longline fishing and gill
nets, and development on habitat areas. Scientists have estimated that there are
only about 35,000 Leatherback turtles in the world.
G. We are often unable to understand the critical impact a species has on the
environment—that is, until that species becomes extinct. Even if we do not know
the role a creature plays in the health of the environment, past lessons have
taught US enough to know that every animal and plant is one important link in the
integral chain of nature. Some scientists now speculate that the Leatherback may
play an important role in the recovery of diminishing fish populations. Since the
Leatherback consumes its weight in jellyfish per day, it helps to keep Jellyfish
populations in check. Jellyfish consume large quantities of fish larvae. The rapid
decline in Leatherback populations over the last 50 years has been accompanied
by a significant increase in jellyfish and a marked decrease in fish in our oceans.
Saving sea turtles is an International endeavor.
Question 1-6
Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.

Write appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 1 -6 on your answer sheet.

NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.

List of Headings

I. Sea turtles are found in unusual locations

II. Unique features of the Leatherbacks
III. The Leatherback’s contribution
IV. Methods used for routes tracking
V. Predict the migration routes
VI. Remains multiplicity within the species
VII. The progress of hatching
VIII. The fate of the lost turles
IX. How trips suppose to look like?
X. Factors leading to population decline
1 Paragraph B

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2 Paragraph C

3 Paragraph D

4 Paragraph E

5 Paragraph F

6 Paragraph G

Question 7-13
Choose words from the passage to answer the questions 7-13.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

7 How many Leatherback turtles are there in the world?

8 What is the most noticeable difference between other sea turtles and leatherbacks?

9 What cause leatherback turtles to die in Irish waters?

10 Where did the four turtles probably come from?

11 By which means can sea turtles retrace their migratory paths?

12 For what purpose are Green Sea turtles killed by people?

13 What kind of species will benefit from a decline in Leatherback populations?

READING PASSAGE 2
Corporate Social Responsibility
Broadly speaking, proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral
obligation, sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. The moral appeal – arguing that
companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing” – is prominent in the goal
of Business for Social Responsibility, the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United
States. It asks that its members “achieve commercial success in ways that honour ethical values
and respect people, communities, and the natural environment. “Sustainability emphasises
environmental and community stewardship.
A.
An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlen
Brundtland and used by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development: “Meeting the
needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own

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needs.” Nowadays, governments and companies need to account for the social consequences of
their actions. As a result, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a priority for business
leaders around the world. When a well-run business applies its vast resources and expertise to
social problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact than
any other organization. The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every
company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments, communities, and numerous
other stakeholders to justify CSR initiatives to improve a company’s image, strengthen its brand,
enliven morale and even raise the value of its stock.
B.
To advance CSR. we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a
corporation and society. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education, health care,
and equal opportunity are essential lo a productive workforce. Safe products and working
conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient
utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes business more productive.
Good government, the rule of law, and property rights are essential for efficiency and
innovation. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies
from exploitation. Ultimately, a healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more
human needs are met and aspirations grow. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense
of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At
the same time, a healthy society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the
business sector when it comes lo creating the jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve
standards of living and social conditions over time.
C.
A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve and science
progresses. Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk was thought to be safe in the
early 1900s, given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually
mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause.
Many firms that failed to anticipated the consequences of this evolving body of research have
been bankrupted by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the
obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects
of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.
D.
No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each
company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Other social agendas are
best left to those companies in other industries, NGOs, or government institutions that are
better positioned to address them. The essential test that should guide CSR is not whether a
cause is worthy but whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value – that is, a
meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to the business. Each company can identify
the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it
can gain the greatest competitive benefit.
E.
The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: They specify
clear, measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is General Electronics’s
program to adopt under-performing public high schools near several of its major U.S. facilities.

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The company contributes between $250,000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each
school and makes in-kind donations as well. GE managers and employees take an active role by
working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. In an
independent study of Ion schools in the program between 1989 and 1999, nearly all showed
significant improvement, while the graduation rate in four of the five worst performing schools
doubled from an average of 30% to 60%. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this
one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important
constituencies. What’s more, GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect
is inherently limited, however. No matter how beneficial (he program is, it remains incidental to
the company’s business, and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.
F.
Microsoft s Working Connections partnership with the American Association of Community
Colleges (AACC) is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in
context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on
Microsoft’s growth; currently, there are more than 450,000 unfilled IT positions in the United
States alone. Community colleges, with an enrollment of 11.6 million students, representing
45% of all U.S. undergraduates, could be a major solution. Microsoft recognizes, however, that
community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula are not standardized, technology used
in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic professional development
programs to keep faculty up to date. Microsoft’s $50 million five-year initiative was aimed at all
three problems. In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft sent employee
volunteers to colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create
faculty development institutes. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many
communities while having a direct-and potentially significant-impact on the company.
G.
At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet
for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company
adds a social dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall
strategy. Consider Whole Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural, and
healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. The
company’s sourcing emphasises purchases from local farmers through each store’s
procurement process. Buyers screen out foods containing any of nearly 100 common
ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or environmentally damaging. The same
standards apply to products made internally. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and
environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are
constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently, the company purchased
renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and
facilities, the only Fortune 500 company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled
produce
Questions 14-20
Reading passage has seven paragraphs, A–G
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of heading below.
Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

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List of Headings

i How CSR may help one business to expand

ii CSR in many aspects of a company’s business

iii A CSR initiative without a financial gain

iv Lack of action by the state of social issues

v Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR

vi The past illustrates business are responsible for future outcomes

vii Companies applying CSR should be selective

viii Reasons that business and society benefit each other

Check answers
14. Paragraph A
15. Paragraph B
16. Paragraph C
17. Paragraph D
18. Paragraph E
19. Paragraph F
20. ParagraphG
Questions 21-22
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage of each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21-22 on your answer sheet
Check answers
The implement of CSR, HOW?
Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of interdependence
between business and society. Corporations workers’ productivity
generally needs healthcare, education, and given 21. Restrictions imposed by government and
companies both protect consumers from being treated unfairly. Improvement ofthe safety
standard can reduce the 22. of accidents in the workplace. Similarly society becomes a pool of
more human needs and aspirations
Questions 23-26

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Look at the following opinions or deeds (Questions 23-26) and the list of companies below.
Match each opinion or deed with the correct company, A, B or C.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once
A General Electronics

B Microsoft

C Whole Foods Market

Check answers
23. The disposable waste
24. The way company purchases as goods
25. Helping the undeveloped
26. Ensuring the people have the latest information

READING PASSAGE 3
TV Addiction 2
A. Excessive cravings do not necessarily involve physical substances. Gambling can become
compulsive; sex can become obsessive. One activity, however, stands out for its prominence and
ubiquity—the world’s most popular pastime, television. Most people admit to having a love-
bate relationship with it. They complain about the “boob tube” and “couch potatoes,” then they
settle into their sofas and grab the remote control. Parents commonly fret about their children’s
viewing (if not their own). Even researchers who study TV for a living marvel at the medium’s
hold on them personally. Percy Tannenbaum of the University of California at Berkeley has
written: “Among life’s more embarrassing moments have been countless occasions when I am
engaged in conversation in a room while a TV set is on, and I cannot for the life of me stop from
periodically glancing over to the screen. This occurs not only during dull conversations but
during reasonably interesting ones just as well.”

B. Scientists have been studying the effects of television for decades, generally focusing on
whether watching violence on TV correlates with being violent in real life. Less attention has
been paid to the basic allure of the small screen—the medium, as opposed to the message.

C. The term “TV addiction” is imprecise and laden with value judgments, but it captures the
essence of a very real phenomenon. Psychologists and psychiatrists formally define substance
dependence as a disorder characterized by criteria that include spending a great deal of time
using the substance; using it more often than one intends; thinking about reducing use or
making repeated unsuccessful efforts to reduce use; giving up important social, family or
occupational activities to use it; and reporting withdrawal symptoms when one stops using it.

D. All these criteria can apply to people who watch a lot of television. That does not mean that
watching television, in itself, is problematic. Television can teach and amuse; it can reach

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aesthetic heights; it can provide much needed distraction and escape. The difficulty arises when
people strongly sense that they ought not to watch as much as they do and yet find themselves
strangely unable to reduce their viewing. Some knowledge of how the medium exerts its pull
may help heavy viewers gain better control over their lives.
TV Addiction 2

E. The amount of time people spend watching television is astonishing. On average, individuals
in the industrialized world devote three hours a day to the pursuit—fully half of their leisure
time, and more than on any single activity save work and sleep. At this rate, someone who lives
to 75 would spend nine years in front of the tube. To some commentators, this devotion means
simply that people enjoy TV and make a conscious decision to watch it. But if that is the whole
story, why do so many people experience misgivings about how much they view? In Gallup polls
in 1992 and 1999, two out of five adult respondents and seven out of 10 teenagers said they
spent too much time watching TV. Other surveys have consistently shown that roughly 10
percent of adults call themselves TV addicts.

F. What is it about TV that has such a hold on US? In part, the attraction seems to spring from
our biological ‘orienting response.’ First described by Ivan Pavlov in 1927, the orienting
response is our instinctive visual or auditory reaction to any sudden or novel stimulus. It is part
of our evolutionary heritage, a built- in sensitivity to movement and potential predatory threats.

G. In 1986 Byron Reeves of Stanford University, Esther Thorson of the University of Missouri and
their colleagues began to study whether the simple formal features of television-cuts, edits,
zooms, pans, sudden noises—activate the orienting response, thereby keeping attention on the
screen. By watching how brain waves were affected by formal features, the researchers
concluded that these stylistic tricks can indeed trigger involuntary responses and ‘derive their
attention-al value through the evolutionary significance of detecting movement…. It is the form,
not the content, of television that is unique.’

H. The orienting response may partly explain common viewer remarks such as: “If a television is
on, I just can’t keep my eyes off it,” “I don’t want to watch as much as I do, but I can’t help it,”
and “I feel hypnotized when I watch television.” In the years since Reeves and Thorson
published then pioneering work, researchers have delved deeper. Annie Lang’s research team at
Indiana University has shown that heart rate decreases for four to six seconds after an orienting
stimulus. In ads, action sequences and music videos, formal features frequently come at a rate
of one per second, thus activating the orienting response continuously.

I. Lang and her colleagues have also investigated whether formal features affect people’s
memory of what they have seen. In one of their studies, participants watched a program and
then filled out a score sheet. Increasing the frequency of edits (defined here as a change from
one camera angle to another in the same visual scene) improved memory recognition,
presumably because it focused attention on the screen. Increasing the frequency of cuts—
changes to a new visual scene-had a similar effect but only up to a point. If the number of cuts
exceeded 10 in two minutes, recognition dropped off sharply.

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J. Producers of educational television for children have found that formal features can help
learning. But increasing the rate of cuts and edits eventually overloads the brain. Music videos
and commercials that use rapid intercutting of unrelated scenes are designed to hold attention
more than they are to convey information. People may remember the name of the product or
band, but the details of the ad itself float in one ear and out the other. The orienting response is
overworked. Viewers still attend to the screen, but they feel tired and
worn out, with little compensating psychological reward. Our ESM findings show much the
same thing.

K. Sometimes the memory of the product is very subtle. Many ads today are deliberately
oblique: they have an engaging story line, but it is hard to tell what they are trying to sell.
Afterward you may not remember the product consciously. Yet advertisers believe that if they
have gotten your attention, when you later go to the store you will feel better or more
comfortable with a given product because you have a vague recollection of having heard of it.

Questions 27-30
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

27 Even researcher find some time it is more interesting in watching TV than talking with
others in personal experience
28 Information medium as TV has always been the priority for scientific research.
29 It is partially unscientific to use the term ‘TV addiction’.
30 Children do not know why they exercise too little.

Questions 31-33
Choose THREE letters, A-F
Write the correct letters in boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet.
Which THREE of the following are benefits of watching TV?

A artistic inspiration
B family reunion
C relieve stress
D learn knowledge and education
E work efficiency
F ease communicative conflict

Questions 34-37
Look at the following researchers (Questions 34-37) and the list of statements below.

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Match each researcher with the correct statements.
Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 34-37 on your answer sheets.
34 Percy Tannenbaum
35 Ivan Pavlov
36 Byron Reeves and Esther Thorson
37 Annie Lang
List of Statements
A It is the specific media formal characteristic that counts.
B TV distraction shows a human physical reaction to a new and prompted stimulus
C Conveying information is the most important thing.
D It is hard to ignore the effects of TV.
E Whether people can remember deeper of the content relates to the format.
F The heart rate remains stable when watching.
G Clinically reliance on TV does not meet the criteria of addiction.

Questions 38-40
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 3
Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.
The TV is becoming a worldwide 38………………………. Some people love it and spend a great deal
of time watching it. According to some surveys, a small group even claim themselves
as 39…………………….. One researcher believes that this attraction comes from our human
instinct, described as 40…………………….. which is built-in part of our physiological evolution.

ANSWER KEY:
1. i (Đoạn B – Những nơi ở bất thường của loài rùa)
2. iv (Đoạn C – Những phương pháp dò đường)
3. ix (Đoạn D – Mô tả đường đi của rùa)
4. viii (Đoạn E – Số phận của những chú rùa bị thất lạc)
5. x (Đoạn F – Những yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự giảm số lượng rùa)
6. iii (Đoạn G – Những đóng góp của loài rùa)
7. 35,000 (Đoạn F, “Scientists have estimated that there are only about 35,000 Leatherback
turtles in the world.)
8. The bony carapace (Đoạn A, “Its most notable feature is that it lacks the bony carapace of
the other extant sea turtles.”)
9. cold waters (Đoạn D, “because water temperatures here are far too cold for their survival”)
10. Florida (Đoạn B, “ It is likely that they may have originated from Florida, America.”)
11. magnetic fields (Đoạn C, “Some explanations of this phenomenon have found that sea
turtles can detect the angle and intensity of the earth’s magnetic fields.”)
12. its meat (Đoạn F, “The leatherback, unlike the Green Sea turtle, is not often killed for its
meat;”)
13. Jellyfish (Đoạn G, “Since the Leatherback consumes its weight in jellyfish per day, it helps
to keep Jellyfish populations in check.”)

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27. TRUE
28. FALSE
29. TRUE
30. NOT GIVEN
31. A
32. C
33. D
34. D
35. B
36. A
37. E
38. popular pastime
39. TV addicts
40. orienting response

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