Chapter 9: Practical Work

Action of Heat on a given (Unknown) substance

[Link] Substance Residue left after Colour of Gas produced

(colour) heating residue
1. Copper carbonate Copper (II) oxide Black solid Carbon dioxide (CO2)
(CuCO3) CuO
2. Zinc carbonate (ZnCO3) Zinc oxide Yellow when Carbon dioxide (CO2)
hot, white when
cold
3. Washing soda Anhydrous White powder Water vapour (H2O)
(Na2CO3.10H2O) Na2CO3
White crystals
4. Copper sulphate Anhydrous Dirty white Water vapour (H2O)
(CuSO4.5H2O) CuSO4
Blue crystals
5. Zinc nitrate Zinc oxide Yellow when Nitrogen dioxide and
Zn(NO3)2 ZnO hot, white when Oxygen (NO2+O2)
White solid cold
6. Copper nitrate Copper (II) oxide Black solid Nitrogen dioxide and
Cu(NO3)2 CuO Oxygen (NO2+O2)
Green solid
7. Lead nitrate Lead oxide Yellow solid Nitrogen dioxide and
Pb(NO3)2 (PbO) Oxygen (NO2+O2)
White solid
8. Ammonium chloride No residue White sublimate Hydrogen chloride and
(NH4Cl) Ammonia (HCl + NH3)
9. Iodine (I2) violet solid No residue Violet sublimate Iodine vapours

10. Ammonium dichromate Chromium (III) Green solid Water vapour and
(NH4)2Cr2O7 oxide (Cr2O3) Nitrogen (H2O + N2)
Orange solid

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 Exercise (9B)
Q1. Distinguish by heating the following in dry test tube.
(a) Zinc carbonate , copper carbonate and lead carbonate
Ans.
Solid salt Residue Left Gas released
Zinc carbonate White solid turns into pale • Colourless CO2 gas is
yellow Zinc oxide (ZnO) produced that turns
lime water milky
• It has no effect on
acidified K2Cr2O7
• It extinguishes a
burning wooden
splinter.
Copper carbonate Light green amorphous • Colourless CO2 gas is
powder turns to black produced that turns
Copper oxide (CuO) lime water milky
• It has no effect on
acidified K2Cr2O7
• It extinguishes a
burning wooden
splinter.
Lead carbonate White crystalline solid turns • Colourless CO2 gas is
into yellow Lead oxide produced that turns
(PbO) lime water milky
• It has no effect on
acidified K2Cr2O7
• It extinguishes a
burning wooden
splinter

(b) Zinc nitrate and copper nitrate

Ans
Solid salt Residue Left Gas released
Zinc nitrate White crystalline solid melts • Gives off steamy
to form a sticky mass of vapour.
Zinc oxide • On strong heating the
white residue gives
off reddish brown
fumes of NO2
• A glowing splint
when held in the
reddish-brown gas
reignites.

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 • The reddish-brown
gas is mixed with
oxygen.
Copper nitrate The crystalline solid melts to • Gives off steamy
form bluish green mass vapour.
which turns into a black • On strong heating the
residue of Copper oxide on white residue gives
strong heating. off reddish brown
fumes of NO2
• A glowing splint
when held in the
reddish-brown gas
reignites.
• The reddish-brown
gas is mixed with
oxygen.

(c) Copper sulphate and copper carbonate

Ans.
Solid salt Residue Left Gas released
Copper sulphate • Blue crystalline solid • Gives off steamy
on heating crumbles vapour.
to form a white • SO2 gas is evolved
amorphous powder. which turns moist
• On strong heating a blue litmus paper red
black solid Copper and changes colour of
oxide is formed. acidified K2Cr2O7
solution from orange
to green,
Copper carbonate Light green amorphous • Colourless CO2 gas is
powder turns to black produced that turns
Copper oxide (CuO) lime water milky
• It has no effect on
acidified K2Cr2O7
• It extinguishes a
burning wooden
splinter.

(e) Ammonium chloride and iodine

Ans.

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 Solid salt Residue Left Gas released
Ammonium chloride • No residue is left • Sublimates to form a
basic gas (NH3) and
an acidic gas (HCl)
• Dense white fumes
are noticed forming a
white mass on the
cooler parts of the test
tube.
Iodine No residue is left • Violet crystalline
solid sublimates to
form violet vapours.
• The vapour turns
starch solution blue in
colour.

Q2. Match the following:

Column A Column B
(a) Pb(NO3)2 1. Rotten egg smell (h)
(b) CO2 2. Burns with pop smell (g)
(c) (NH4)2Cr2O7 3. Suffocating smell of sulphur (i)
(d) HCl 4. Lime water turns milky (b)
(e) NO2 5. Crackling sound (a)
(f) O2 6. Residue swells up (c)
(g) H2 7. Brown gas (e)
(h) H2S 8. Supports combustion (f)
(i) SO2 9. Fumes with NH3 solution (d)

Q3. State the original colour of the following substance and colour of residue obtained
after heating.
Ans.
Solid Original colour Residue Colour of the
residue
Ammonium dichromate Orange colour Chromium (III) oxide Green solid
Cr2O3
Copper carbonate Green solid Copper (II) oxide CuO Black solid
Lead nitrate White solid Lead oxide PbO Yellow solid
Zinc carbonate White solid Zinc oxide Yellow when hot
and white when
cold

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Q4. Write your observation and a balanced equation in the case of the following
substances being heated.
(a) Ammonium dichromate
Ans.
• Orange red crystalline solid on heating swells up and decomposes violently with
flashes of light leaving green residue of Chromium oxide.
• Releasing water vapour and nitrogen
∆
(NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 + N2 + 4H2O
(b) Copper nitrate
Ans.
• Bluish green crystalline solid on heating melts to form a bluish green mass.
• It gives off steamy vapours.
• On further heating the bluish green mass changes to a black residue Copper (II)
oxide.
• It gives off a reddish-brown gas.
• It also gives a gas that rekindles a glowing splinter.
∆
Cu(NO3)2.6H2O Cu(NO3)2 + 6H2O

2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO +4NO2 +O2

(c) Copper carbonate

Ans.
• Light green amorphous powder turns to black on strong heating.
• Gives off colourless odourless gas that extinguishes a burning wooden splinter.
• Turns lime water milky.
• The gas has no effect on acidified K2Cr2O7 or acidifies KMnO4
∆
CuCO3 CuO + CO2
Black
(d) Zinc carbonate
Ans.
• On stringing heating, the light amorphous white solid, changes to pale yellow Zinc
oxide.

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• Gives off a colourless and odourless gas that turns lime water milky.
• The gas has no effect on acidifies K2Cr2O7
∆
ZnCO3 ZnO + CO2

(e) Ammonium chloride

Ans.
• White crystalline solid, on strong heating, sublimates to form a basic gas (NH3) and
acidic gas (HCl).
• The dense white fumes are noticed which form a white mass on the cooler parts of
the test tube.
• No residue is left behind.
∆
NH4Cl NH3 + HCl
cool