HISTOLOGY PAST QUESTIONS

1) Which of these is the main function of the lungs.

Ans: To provide gas exchange between inspired air and blood in pulmonary
circulation, and to remove CO2.

2. Epithelium of the nose is?

Ans: Olfactory Epithelium

3. Terminal Bronchioles posses the following except?

Ans: Cartilage

4. What pathway is most affected by allergic rhinitis?

Extrapulmonary pathway

5. Function of the GIT?

Ans: Digesting and absorbing nutrients into blood capillaries and lymphatic
laterals

6. The layers of the GIT are?

Ans: Mucosa, Submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia

7. Where is the Mucosa epithelium non-columnar?

Ans: In the oesophagus and lower part of the rectum

8. Where can stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium be found in the

GIT?

Ans: The Oesophagus and lower part of the rectum

9. What type of tissue is the submucosa?

Ans: Aerolar tissue

10. Small intestine mucosa modifications for absorption.

Ans: Plicae circularis, Villi, Microvilli

11) What gland occupies the duodenum submucosa

Ans: Brunner glands

12) Peyer’s patches are found in which part of the small intestine?

Ans: Illium

13) The gall bladder lacks which of the following?

Ans: Mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, adventitia

14) What is gastritis?

Ans: Inflammation of the stomach

15) Wilson’s disease is an example of?

Ans: Inborn errors of metabolism

16) Obstruction of Bile flow results in?

Ans: Cholestasis

17) The main function of the kidneys is?

Ans: Homeostasis
18) What gland is found Superior to each kidney?

Ans: Adrenal gland

19) Kidneys produce which important substances?

Ans: Enzyme Renin and Glycoprotein Erythropoietin

20) Function of Renin?

Ans: Regulates blood pressure to maintain proper filtration pressure in the

glomeruli

21) Function of Erythropoietin?

Ans: Stimulates Erythrocyte production in red bone marrow

22) Epithelium of the Nephron?

Ans: Simple cuboidal epithelium

23) The capsule of the testis is called?

Ans: Tunica albuginia

24) Epithelium of the seminiferous tubules?

Ans: Stratified Germinal Epithelium

25) Seminal vesicles are located?

Ans: Posterior to bladder, Superior to prostate gland

26) Function of seminal vesicles?

Ans: Produces; Alkaline fluid, fructose, PGE, and clotting factor

27) Function of the prostate gland?

Ans: Secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm

28) Location of the bulbourethral gland?

Ans: In the root of the penis, embedded in skeletal muscle

29) Function of the bulbourethral gland?

Ans: Produces a secretion that lubricates the penile urethra

30) The layer of connective tissue surrounding each erectile body is called?

Ans: The Tunica albuginia

31) Viral infection of the testis can cause?

Ans: Orchitis (Inflammation of the testis)

32) Most common tumor in the testis?

Ans: Germ cell tumors

33) The most important pathological lesion of the penis is called?

Ans: Squamous cell carcinoma

34) Genital warts can be caused by?

Ans: HPV

35) The ovary contains what epithelium?

Ans: Germinal Epithelium

36) The highly vascularized connective tissue within the ovary deep to the
cortex is?

Ans: The medulla

37) What cells surround the immature primordial oocyte?

Ans: Squamous follicular cells

38) Fate of the Squamous follicular cells?

Ans: They become cuboidal and later become stratified as the granulosa
cells

39) Purpose of fimbria of the infundibulum

Ans: It moves the secondary oocyte into the ampulla to be fertilised.

40) What is the ampulla?

Ans: It is the longest and widest region of the uterine tube where fertilisation
occurs.

41) What is the isthmus?

Ans: It is the short and narrow region of the uterine tube joining each uterine
tube to the uterus

42) Uterus endometrium is lined by?

Ans: Simple columnar epithelium

43) Layers of the uterus endometrium?

Ans: Functionalis layer and Basalis layer

44) Which layer of the endometrium is temporary?

Ans: Functionalis layer

45) The wall of the uterus is split into 3 layers?

Ans: The perimetrium, the myometrium, and the endometrium

46) The cyclic changes in a nonpregnant uterus are called?

Ans: The menstrual cycle

47) The 3 phase of the menstrual cycle?

Ans: Proliferative, Secretory, and Menstrual phase.

48) When the cervix projects into the vagina canal it is called?

Ans: The protio vaginalis

49) Epithelium of the Cervix?

Ans: Tall mucus secreting columnar epithelium

50) At the lower cervical end the epithelium becomes?

Ans: Nonkeratinized Stratified squamous epithelium

[Link] part of the small intestine are secretory granules of Paneth cells
located?

Ans: jejunum

[Link] is responsible for haustra in the colon

Ans: taenia coli contractions

[Link] glands are the only submucosal glands in the digestive tract

Ans: duodenal glands

[Link] oseophagus contains mucus secreting cuboidal epitheliumtrue/ false

Ans: false oseophagus contains stratified squamous non keratinized

epithelium

[Link] attaches transverse and sigmoid colon to the body wall

Ans: mesentery

[Link] salivary glands are part of the three major salivary

glands true/ false

Ans: false (parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands)

[Link] is the main function of red pulp

Ans: to filter blood

[Link] divides the thymus into incomplete lobules

Ans: the trabeculae

[Link] have cartilage rings true/false

Ans: false

60. What is the Outermost covering of testes

Ans: tunica albuginea

61. Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ? Lymph node,

tonsil, *thymus*, spleen

62. Which of the following isn’t covered by a connective tissue capsule?

Lymph node, *tonsil*, thymus, spleen

63. What are the major cells of the lymphoid system?

Fibrocytes,*lymphocytes*, osteocytes, chondrocytes

64. What are the two parts of the spleen? Red pulp and white pulp

65. What is the major epithelium of the respiratory system? Stratified

squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, *pseudostratified columnar*

66. Which of the following cells are not found in the alveoli? Type 1
pneumocytes, type 2 pneumocytes, *type 3 pneumocytes*, dust cells

67. What is the name of the skeletal muscle found in the trachea?
Trachealis muscle

68. What is the major epithelium of the mouth and oesophagus? Simple
squamous, *stratified squamous*, simple columnar, stratified columnar

69. What is the major epithelium of the GIT in the abdomen? Simple
squamous, stratified squamous, *simple columnar*, stratified columnar

70. The following are types of salivary glands except? Parotid,

submandibular, sublingual, *adrenal*
71. The only sub-mucosal gland in the GIT is found in the? Oesophagus,
stomach, *duodenum*, anus

72. What nerve plexus is found in the muscular layer of the GIT? Brachial
plexus, sacral plexus, lumbar plexus, *myenteric plexus*

73. Types of cells found in the endocrine pancreas? A cells(glucagon), B

cells(insulin), D cells(somatostatin, gastrin) and PP cells(pancreatic
polypeptide). The substances secreted are in the brackets

74. What are the parts of the kidney? Cortex and medulla

75. What epithelium is found in the ureters and urinary bladder? Stratified
squamous, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, *transitional*

76. What skeletal muscle is found in the outer surface of the lips?
Orbicularis oris

77. What are the lymphatic nodules found in the ileum? Peyer’s
patches[15/05, 15:40]

1. The ducts of the male reproductive system are

a. excurrent b. incurrent c. excurrent and incurrent d. none of the above

2. Concerning the accessory glands of the male reproductive system, which

of the following is incorrect?

a)The seminal vesicles are paired and are located posterior to the bladder b)
The bulbourethral glands are compound tubuloacinar glands c) The paired
prostate glands are inferior to the neck of bladder d) Secretory product of
bulbourethral glands is primarily mucous.

3. Which of the following is the common passageway for urine or semen?

a) penile urethra b)penile ureter c) penile gland d) penis

4. What is the name given to the connective tissue capsule of the testis?

a) tunica albuginea b) tunica vasculosa c) tunica adventitia d) tunica intima

5. The endocrine interstitial cells of Leydig secrete what hormone?

a) luteinizing hormone b)follicle stimulating hormone c) testosterone

d)androgen

6. The epithelium lining the seminiferous tubules is called______

a) simple columnar epithelium b)transitional epithelium c) stratified cuboidal

epithelium d)germinal epithelium

7. What are the two major cell types found in the seminiferous tubules?

a) spematogenic cells and Leydig cells b) Leydig cells and Sertoli cells c)
spermatogenic cells and Sertoli cells d) oocyte and spermatocyte

8. The supporting cells in the seminiferous tubules are called?

a) oligodendrocytes b) Kupffer cells c) Sertoli cells d) Leydig cells

9. The process of sperm formation is called _________

a) spermiogenesis b) insemination c) proliferation d)spermatogenesis

10. The complex morphological process whereby spherical spermatids are

transformed into elongated sperm cells is called ________

a) Spermatogenesis b) Spermiogenesis c) sperm proliferation d) seminal

development

11. Which of the following is correct concerning the process of

spermatogenesis?

a) It involves meiotic divisions of spermiogenic cells into primary and

secondary spermatocytes b) spermatogenesis produces cells containing 46
chromosomes each. c) primary and secondary spermatocytes undergo
meiotic divisions that reduce the number of chromosomes and DNA. d)
division of primary spermatocytes produces spermatids

12. All of the following are stages of spermiogenesis except.....

a) Golgi phase b) Maturation phase c) Acrosomal phase d) Luteal phase

13. What part of the sperm is characterised by a compact mitochondrial

sheath?
a)head b)neck c) middle piece d) principal piece

14. What part of the male reproductive system consists of erectile tissue?

a) penis b) urethra c) prostate gland d) seminal vesicle

15. The epithelium of the epididymis consists of the following except _______

a) tall columnar principal cells b) small basal cells c) long nonmotile

stereocilia d) short motile stereocilia

16. All the following are functions of the principal cells of the epididymis
except:

a) they absorb testicular fluid b) they phagocytose residual bodies not

removed by Sertoli cells c) they produce a glycoprotein d) they produce
sperm

17. What is the function of the epididymis?

a) accumulation, storage and maturation of sperm b) production of sperm c)

ejaculation d) development of sperm

18. The terminal part of the vas deferens is called the _______

a) ampulla b) infundibulum c) penis d) ureter

19. What is the function of the prostate gland?

a) secrete fluid to nourish sperm b) sperm development c) Spermatogenesis

d) produce testosterone

20. What gland of the male reproductive system produces an alkaline fluid
containing fructose, PGE and clotting factors?

a) prostatic gland b) bulbourethral glands c) seminal vesicle d) penis

21. The most common testicular tumours are _______

a) germ cell tumours b) vesicle tumours c) penile tumours d) all of the above

22. Inflammation of the testis is called _______

a) Orchitis b) meningitis c) hypertrichosis d) testitis

23. __________ is the most important pathological lesion of the penis

a) penitis b) squamous cell carcinoma c) prostate cancer d) penis rash

24. ________ is a common clinical condition that can be caused by
inflammatory and fibrosing condition of the foreskin

a) penis burn b)Penile Tumescence c) Phimosis d) genital wart

Immunohistochemistry

1. which of these techniques is gives the best result when cell morphology is
to be preserved?

a) Celloidin technique

b) Paraffin technique

c) Freezing technique

d) none of these

2. Which of these fixatives is most suitable for CNS tissue and electron
microscopy?

a) Glutaraldehyde

b) Formalin

c) Osmium tetraoxide

d) Formalin

3. Stages of tissue processing include the following except

a) Dehydration

b) Clearing

c) Fixation

d) labeling

e) none of the above

4. The most commonly used stain in routine histopathology is

a) Hematoxylin and Eosin

b) Periodic Acid Schiff

c) Gram stain

d) Masson Trichrome

5. The stain used to demonstrate the presence of ferric iron in tissues is

called

a) Ziehl-Neelsen stain

b) Perl’s stain

c) Vonkossa stain

d) Cresyl Fast Violet

6. Which of these stains nuclei black, collagen blue and muscle red

a) Martius Scarlet Blue

b) Wade-Fite

c) Masson Trichrome

d) none of these

7. All are advantages of Fixation except

a) makes cells insensitive to hypertonic and hypotonic solutions

b) acts as a mordant

c) induce optical contrast for good morphologic examination

d) prevents putrefaction and autolysis

e) none of the above

8. Clearing agents does not include

a) alcohol
b) xylene

c) toluene

d) chloroform

e) methyl salicylate

9. Identify the correct statement

a) Von Kossa demonstrates the presence of complex carbohydrate by

staining deep magenta

b) PAS reaction stains calcium deposits black

c) Ziehl-Neelsen is used to stain Melanin

d) Eosin stains basic structures pinkish-red

e) none of these

10. which is not a class of antibody

a) Ig B

b) Ig A

c) Ig E

d) Ig M

e) Ig G

In which two layers can the root of the hair follicles be found?

a) Stratum Granulosum and Stratum Lucidum

b) Reticular Layer and Hypodermis -

c) Stratum Spinosum and Stratum Corneum

d) Papillary Layer and Reticular Layer

What neurons are found in the spinal cord?

a) Multipolar -
b) Unipolar

c) Bipolar

d) Mesipolar

What vitamin does the skin produce

a) Ascorbic acid

b) Tocopherol

c) Folic Acid

d) Calciferol -

What feature is present in both thick and thin skin

a) Sweat glands -

b) Hair follicles

c) Sebaceous glands

d) Smooth muscle fibers

What cell is found mainly in the Stratum Spinosum

a) Merkel

b) Langerhans -

c) Melanocyte

d) Arrector Pili

What cell is found in the coiled portion of the eccrine sweat glands

a) Luminal cells

b) Basal Cells

c) Myoepithelia Cells -

d) Merkel cells
Which of the following is not an immunoglobulin class?

a) IgA

b) IgB -

c) IgD

d) IgE

Which immunoglobulin class has a Secretory protein

a) IgB

b) IgA -

c) IgM

d) IgG

Which of these is an immune complex?

a) Peroxidase antiperoxidase -

b) Cyclic protocycline

c) Vibrai adatium

d) Maltose Maltilase

Which of these is not a step of general immunohistochemistry protocol?

a) Fixation

b) Embedding -

c) Blocking

d) Antibody labelling and visualization

What Fixation fluid is for tissue that is to be viewed with an electron

microscope?
a) Bouin’s solution

b) Formalin

c) Glutataldehyde -

d) Picric Acid

The following are advantages of Fixation except?

a) Acts as a mordant

b) Removes unneeded tissue -

c) Induces optical contrast

d) Prevents putrefaction and autolysis

Which stain uses bacteria?

a) Diastase Period Acid Skiff

b) Masson Trichrome

c) Martin Scarlet Blue

d) Gram Stain -

Which sense uses a mainly mechanical process?

a) Taste

b) Touch

c) Hearing -

d) Sight

What gland produces the oily layer that prevents evaporation of the normal
tear layer?

a) Sebaceous gland

b) Lacrimal gland
c) Tarsal gland -

d) Sweat gland

What is the minimum number of layers of the cornea epithelium?

a) 7

b) 5 -

c) 6

d) 4

The aqueous humor can be found in which chamber of the eye?

a) Aqueous Chamber

b) Posterior Cavity

c) Vitreous Chamber

d) Posterior Chamber -

What membrane separates the choroid from the retina?

a) Basement membrane

b) Bruchs membrane -

c) Basal membrane

d) Papillary membrane

In the inner ear what organ is responsible for receiving and transmitting
sound?

a) Cloaca

b) Cochlea -

c) Vestibule

d) Tympanic membrane
[15/05, 15:40] +234 703 994 4986: [Link] cells transmit visual signals
from the retina to the brain?

A. Bipolar cells

B. Amacrine cells

C*. Ganglion cells

D. Miller cells

2. The middle ear contains which of the following structures?

A. The labyrinth

B. The modiolus

C. The perilymph

D*. The ossicles

3. The epithelial cells within the organ of corti are supported by which of the
following structures?

A. Vestibular membrane

B*. Basilar membrane

C. Spiral membrane

D. Spiral Limbus

4. The aqueous humor of the eye:

A. Fills the posterior chamber of the eye

B. Covers the lens to maintain moisture

C*. Is produced by the cells in the ciliary process

D. Is a gelatinous substance of the vitreous chamber

5. Where is the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme produced?

A. In vitreous humor

B. In the anterior chamber of the eye

C*. In lacrimal secretions

D. In the aqueous humor

6. What is found in the fovea?

A. A high concentration of cones

B. A blind spot

C. A high concentration of rods

D*. The Macula lutea

7. The nodes of ranvier represent:

A. Gaps or spaces in the myelin sheath

B*. Intervals between myelinating cells

C. Sites of neurotransmitter location

D. Sites of axonal synapses

8. Satellite cells:

A. Surround the schwann cells

B. Enclose the oligodendrocytes

C*.Surround sensory neurons in different ganglia

D. Are sensory neurons in ganglia