B. R.
Ambedkar
● Born on 14 April 1891 in Madhya Pradesh in Hindu Mahar caste (untouchable caste)
Mother - Bhimabai Sakpal
Father - Ramji Maloji Sakpal
● Converted to Buddhism, Associated Rationality with Buddhism
● Died on 6 December - celebrates as Mahaparinirvan Diwas
● Other names - Baba Sahib Ambedkar, Modern day Manu, Masiha for the Lower
Caste
● Political Leader, Writer, Economist, Philosopher, Social Reformer
● Firstly matriculated in his community
● Received scholarship from Maharaja of Baroda Sayajirao Gaekwad and from
Maharaja of Kolhapur
● [Link]. in economics London school of Economics and Political Science
● Doctorate in economics from Columbia University
● Elected for the constituent assembly in 1946, Chairman of the drafting committee of
the Indian constitution, Father (Architect) of Indian Constitution
● First Law Minister of the independent india
● Anti-Brahmin, against caste system
● Crusader for rights of oppressed class, gender equality
● Books - Know The Rupees, The Problem of the Rupee: Its Origin and Its Solution,
Who were the Shudras, Thoughts on Pakistan, The Annihilation of Caste, etc.
● Journal - Muk Nayak (in Marathi), Janta and Samta, etc.
● Newspaper - Bahishkrit Bharat
● Campaign of Dalit and Minority's right
● Talks about constitution morality
● Received Bharat Ratna in 1990
● Formed - Harijan Sabha, Schedule Caste Federation 1942, Republican Party of
India, Independent Labour Party 1936, Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha 1924, Samta Sainik
dal 1924, Samaj Samta Sangh 1927, Depressed Classes Education Society 1928
● Part of the Bombay Presidency Committee, Member of the Bombay Legislative
Council,
● Work for the Simon Commission 1995
● Opposed - Uniform Civil Code, The Hindu Code Bill, Article 370,
● Signed Poona Pact in 1932
● Played important role in setting up RBI
● Called article 32 "Soul of Constitution"
● Against Gandhi for calling them "Harijan"
● Burnt Manusmriti
● affirmative action through legal incentives
● Appointed as a professor and also for principal of law in government law college in
Bombay
● Only Indian who had represented his caste in the all three round table conference
● Also fought the election and won, later become a part of executive counselling of
governor general of India
● Called Jyotiba Phule the greatest Shudra of modern India who made the lower
classes of Hindus conscious of their slavery
● Believe in broughting law to force the people think differently and change the society
"Some people have closed the doors and, Some have found the doors being closed"
- B. R. Ambedkar
(Quotation for Dalit)
In 19… he came back to India and started some societies, such as - Bahishkrit Hitkarini
Sabha 1924, Samta Sainik dal 1924, Samaj Samta Sangh 1927. Also in 1936 Ambedkar
started the independent labour party, in 1945 he had started people's education society, in
1955 he had started the Bhartiya boudh mahasabha and in 1958 started the Republican
Party.
In 1927 doctor Ambedkar was nominated as a member of the Bombay legislative council. In
1928 he was appointed as a professor of law in the Government Law College in Bombay. He
represented India and the backward oppressed classes in the three round table conference
held in London. In 1932 McDonald demanded a separate electorate for untouchables.
Ambedkar formed the independent labour party 1935-36 which contested election under
Government of India act. In 1942 the British government nominated him as a member of the
executive council of the governor general of India. In 1946 he published his work "who were
shudras" he dedicated his work to Jyotiba Phule and described him as 'the greatest Shudra
of modern India'. In 1946 he was elected for the constituent assembly of India from Bengal.
And later was nominated as the chairman of the drafting committee. He is rightly known as
the architect of the Indian constitution. He was appointed as the first Law minister by pandit
Nehru but due to the differences of opinion on the question of Hindu code bill he resigned
from the government. In 1952 he was elected to the rajya sabha, in the same year 1952,
Columbia University honoured him with the degree of LLD which was in recognition of his
role as the chairman of the drafting committee of India's constitution. He was a great social
reformer and upholder of human rights. In 1956 he left Hinduism to become a Buddhist. And
he was praised as 'Nav-Buddha' in the world Buddhist conference held at Kathmandu. Dr
Ambedkar wrote several books and … on several political as well as economic ideas. Name
of his books :
1. The problem of rupee : its origin and solution
2. The Annihilation of Caste
3. Thoughts on Pakistan
4. Ranade, Gandhi and Jinnah
5. Evolution ….
6. What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables
7. Who were the Shudras
8. State and minorities
9. The untouchables
10. The Buddha and his Dhamma
…..
Social ideas of Dr. Ambedkar
As a Mahar he had suffered a lot of exploitation and discrimination at the hands of the upper
caste and wanted bring out revolutionary change. He wanted to rescue the suppressed
classes from the yoke of brahmanism and casteism. Therefore for this Dr Ambedkar decided
to go from the root of the problem and that was to find out the origin of the Shudras. In his
book "Who were the Shudras" Dr Ambedkar talks about the principle of 'braided inequality'.
In his opinion he believes that the Indo-Aryan society has spoken about the four varnas.