EnvironmEntal SciEncE
aSSignmEnt
global Warming
aim: to liSt thE initiativES takEn by thE
indian govErnmEnt for curtailing thE iSSuE
of global Warming
--: SubmittEd by :--
manaS raghuWanShi
PhySicS [honS.]
2nd yEar
3rd SEmEStEr
What is Global Warming?
Global warming is a long-term increase in Earth's average surface
temperature due to human activities that amplify the greenhouse effect.
This phenomenon is primarily driven by the release of greenhouse gases
such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O)
from activities like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial
processes. These gases trap heat in the atmosphere, preventing it from
escaping into space and thereby raising global temperatures. The
consequences of global warming are profound and widespread, including
more frequent and severe heatwaves, rising sea levels due to melting ice
caps and glaciers, and increased frequency of extreme weather events such
as hurricanes, droughts, and floods. Additionally, global warming disrupts
ecosystems, leading to shifts in wildlife populations and habitats, which can
further exacerbate biodiversity loss. Efforts to combat global warming
involve reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the adoption of
renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency, and implementing
reforestation projects. International agreements like the Paris Agreement
aim to limit global temperature rise and mitigate the impacts of climate
change, highlighting the urgent need for coordinated global action
: Impact of Global Warming on India:
Global warming has significant and multifaceted impacts on India, affecting
its environment, economy, and public health. The country is experiencing
more frequent and intense heatwaves, with a 55% increase in heat-related
deaths between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021. These extreme temperatures
not only endanger lives but also reduce agricultural productivity,
threatening food security in a country where a large portion of the
population relies on agriculture. Additionally, rising temperatures and
shifting monsoon patterns are causing more frequent and severe floods and
droughts, which further strain water resources and disrupt livelihoods.
The economic impact of global warming on India is severe, with estimates
suggesting that it could reduce the country's GDP by up to 2.5% by 2050.
Excessive heat is expected to lower labor productivity, particularly in sectors
like construction and agriculture, where outdoor work is common. Climate
change also exacerbates existing environmental challenges, such as air
pollution and the degradation of ecosystems, posing long-term risks to
India's biodiversity and overall sustainability
Major steps Taken by the Indian Government to
reduce Global Warming
The Indian government has implemented several key initiatives to address global
warming and mitigate climate change. A cornerstone of its strategy is the National
Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), launched in 2008, which outlines eight
national missions focused on promoting sustainable development while also
addressing climate change. These missions include the National Solar Mission, which
aims to promote the development and use of solar energy, and the National Mission
for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, which seeks to improve energy efficiency across
various sectors.
In addition, India has made significant international commitments, such as under the
Paris Agreement, where it pledged to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-
35% from 2005 levels by 2030 and to achieve 40% of its electricity generation from
non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. The National Solar Mission under the NAPCC plays
a crucial role in this, aiming to install 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022, which has
since been extended to 300 GW by 2030.
Furthermore, India is focusing on increasing forest cover under the Green India
Mission, which targets the restoration of 26 million hectares of degraded land by 2030.
These initiatives reflect India's holistic approach to tackling global warming by
integrating economic growth with environmental sustainability.
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
Launched in 2008, the NAPCC outlines eight national missions aimed at
promoting sustainable development.
• Key Missions include:
o National Solar Mission: Aims to increase solar energy capacity to 100
GW by 2022, with an extended goal of 300 GW by 2030.
o National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Focuses on
improving energy efficiency in various sectors to reduce carbon
emissions.
o Green India Mission: Targets the restoration of 26 million hectares of
degraded land by 2030 to increase forest cover.
Paris Agreement Commitments
• India pledged to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% from
2005 levels by 2030.
• It also aims to achieve 40% of its electricity generation from non-fossil fuel
sources by 2030.
• The National Solar Mission plays a significant role in achieving these targets.
International Leadership
• India has taken a leadership role in international climate negotiations,
advocating for equity and climate justice.
• It is actively participating in global initiatives like the International Solar Alliance
(ISA) to promote solar energy worldwide.
National Initiatives
• The Indian government has implemented various initiatives such as the Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan to reduce pollution and improve waste management.
• Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana aims to replace traditional cooking fuels with
cleaner alternatives, reducing indoor air pollution.
Policy Framework
• A robust policy framework, including incentives for renewable energy adoption
and stricter regulations on emissions, supports these efforts.
• India is also focusing on improving disaster management and climate resilience
in vulnerable areas.
Conclusion
Global warming poses significant challenges to India's environment,
economy, and public health. Rising temperatures, unpredictable weather
patterns, and increased frequency of natural disasters are some of the visible
impacts. These changes threaten food security, water resources, and the
overall well-being of the population, particularly affecting vulnerable
communities.
In response, the Indian government has taken several proactive steps. The
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlines strategic
missions to promote renewable energy, enhance energy efficiency, and
increase green cover. India's commitment to the Paris Agreement further
underscores its dedication to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and
transitioning to a low-carbon economy.
India's leadership in international climate initiatives, such as the
International Solar Alliance, demonstrates its global commitment to
combating climate change. These efforts, coupled with domestic policies
aimed at sustainability and resilience, highlight India's comprehensive
approach to mitigating the impacts of global warming.