PUMPING SYSTEMS-
WATER LIFTING DEVICES
IMPORTANCE OF WATER LIFTING
DEVICES
Lift irrigation requires that water be raised from its
source to the field surface.
Whatever the source of water in a lift irrigation
project, the efficiency of the system depends on the
application of sound principles in the design and
construction of utilization structure, usually the well,
and the characteristics of the water lifting device in
relation the source of water.
TYPES OF WATER LIFTS
I. Indigenous water lifts
II. Advance water lift
CLASSIFICATION OF IRRIGATION WATER
LIFT
INDIGENOUS WATER LIFTING DEVICE
Low head (Not exceed 1.2 m)
(i) Water bowl, water scoop/shovel
(ii) Suspended shovel/scoop
(iii) Swing basket
(iv) Don
(v) Water ladder
(vi) Archimedean screw
MEDIUM HEAD (1.2 TO 10 M)
(vii) Persian wheel
(viii) Chain pump
(ix) Rope and bucket lift with self empting bucket
(x) counterpoise lift (shaduf)
HIGH HEAD (MORE THAN 10 M)
(xi) Rope and bucket
LOW HEAD HEAD LIMIT: 0.2 M TO 1.2 M
Swing basket
Most ancient water lifting device
Consist of a basket or shovel with attached rope
in four corner
Usually operate by two person
Directly supply water to the field channel or field
Optimum capacity to lift: 0.3 to 0.5 m
Average discharge capacity:14000-19000 litre/hr
DON
Manually operating device, a single man can
operate it
Boat shaped, one side open but other end closed
Close end is tied with a rope on a long wooden
bar which is pivoted on a lever
Optimum capacity to lift: 0.5 to 1 m
Average discharge capacity: 9000-13000 litre/hr
ARCHIMEDEAN SCREW
Manually operating, one or two man required to
operate
Wood or metal wheel drum, interior shape like a screw
Rotated by handle which is fixed to a central spindle
Drum is placed at an angle of less than 30 degree
Optimum capacity to lift: 0.5 to 1.2 m
Average discharge capacity:14000 to 19000 litre/h
Efficiency maximum when lower end of drum in half
submerged
More efficient device compare to swing basket or don.
WATER WHEEL
Shaft is driven by animal
Optimum capacity to lift: 1 to 1.2 m
Average discharge capacity: 40000 to 50000
litre/h
LIMITATION OF LOW HEAD DEVICE:
Manually or animal Operated
Used only when depth of water does not exceed
1.2 m
Slow process and inefficient
MEDIUM HEAD
Persian Wheel
Normally animal operated
Consist of a chain and buckets mounted on a
open spoket drum
Capacity of a single bucket is 7-14 litre
Optimum capacity to lift: up to 10 m
Average discharge capacity: 14000 to 19000
litre/h
Not use in Bangladesh, usually use in Northern
part of India
CHAIN PUMP
Consist of a endless chain which is provided with
leather discs or washer
Internal distance between two washer is about 25 cm
One side of the chain has a pipe diameter of 10 cm
Bottom of the pipe submerged about 60 to 90 cm in
water
Generally operated by one pair of bullock and a man
Optimum capacity to lift: up to 6 m
Discharge rate 15000 to 20000 litre/h
ROPE AND BUCKET LIFT WITH SELF
EMPTING BUCKET
Generally operated by one pair of bullock and a
man
Capacity of the bucket 100 to 15o litre
Optimum capacity to lift: up to 4 m to 6 m
Average discharge capacity: 10000 to 15000
litre/h
Generally used in South India
HIGH HEAD
Rope and Bucket lift
Suitable for deep wells, locally called Charasa
Generally operated by one pair of bullock
Bullock walk in earthen ram having sloped of 5-
10 degree
Capacity of the bucket 100 to 150 litre
Optimum capacity to lift: 10 to 30 m
Average discharge capacity: 6000 to 10000 litre/h
Usually use in Rajasthan
COUNTER POISE LIFT
This is another human power.
It operates on the lever principles.
Its output is more than the other water lifting
devices .
Tree truck are used for this purpose.
A weight in the form of stones or bags filled with
soil fixed to the shorter end of the lever.
This weight act as a counter poise to a bucker
suspended by a rope or a bamboo pole attached to
the lower arm of the lever.
COUNTER POISE LIFT
Manually operated, single man can operate it
Optimum capacity to lift: 1.2 to 4 m
Average discharge capacity: 8000 to 11000
litre/h
Used in South India and Northern part of
Bangladesh
Let, W1 = weight of water,kg
W2 = weight of bucket,kg
W3= Weight of counterpoise,kg
W3 = b/a*(W1 + W2 )
Where, a = distance between counter weight and piller
b= distance between piller and bucket
OTHER SOURCES
Windmill
The windmill utilizes the natural power from wind to
lift water.
It consists of large diameter vanes.
Wheel or rotor fixed on the top of a high steel or
wooden tower and a reciprocating pump at its bottom.
When strong wind blows , it rotates the vanes wheel,
which in turn works the pump and water is lifted up.
Usually the delivery pipe rises to a reservoir where the
water
is stored to be used, whenever required. Capacity
depends on wind velocity and frequency.
HYDRAULIC RAM
A hydraulic ram, or hydram, is a cyclic water
pump powered by hydropower.
It functions as a hydraulic transformer that takes in
water at one "hydraulic head" (pressure) and flow-rate,
and outputs water at a higher hydraulic-head and
lower flow-rate.
The device uses the water hammer effect to develop
pressure that allows a portion of the input water that
powers the pump to be lifted to a point higher than
where the water originally started.
The hydraulic ram is sometimes used in remote areas,
where there is both a source of low-head hydropower,
and a need for pumping water to a destination higher
in elevation than the source.
In this situation, the ram is often useful, since it
requires no outside source of power other than
the kinetic energy of water.