Lecture 1: An

Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly Lecture 1: An Introduction
Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics? Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly
Why We
Study
Statistics? Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science,
Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt.
Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables
31 / 3 / 2021

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 1 / 24
 Chapter Objectives

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 2 / 24
 Presentation Outline

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
1 Chapter Objectives
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
2 What Is Statistics?
What Is
Statistics?

Why We 3 Why We Study Statistics?

Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics 4 Types of Statistics
Types of
variables
Types of variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 3 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 4 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Chapter 1 Demonstrate knowledge of statistical terms.
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 4 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Chapter 1 Demonstrate knowledge of statistical terms.
Objectives

2 Distinguish between the two branches of statistics.

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 4 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Chapter 1 Demonstrate knowledge of statistical terms.
Objectives

2 Distinguish between the two branches of statistics.

What Is
Statistics?

Why We

3 Identify types of data.

Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 4 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Chapter 1 Demonstrate knowledge of statistical terms.
Objectives

2 Distinguish between the two branches of statistics.

What Is
Statistics?

Why We

3 Identify types of data.

Study
Statistics?

Types of
4 Identify the measurement level for each variable.
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 4 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
The study of statistics has become more popular than
Chapter
ever over the past four decades or so. The increasing
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?
availability of computers and statistical software packages
Why We
Study
has enlarged the role of statistics as a tool for empirical
Statistics?

Types of
research. As a result, statistics is used for research in
Statistics
Types of
variables almost all professions, from medicine to sports.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 5 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
Today, college students in almost all disciplines are re-
Chapter
quired to take at least one statistics course. Almost al-
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?
l newspapers and magazines these days contain graphs
Why We
Study
and stories on statistical studies. After you finish reading
Statistics?

Types of
this course, it should be much easier to understand these
Statistics
Types of
variables graphs and stories.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 6 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly Every field of study has its own terminology. Statistics
Chapter
Objectives is no exception. This introductory chapter explains the
What Is
Statistics? basic terms of statistics. These terms will bridge our
Why We
Study
Statistics?
understanding of the concepts and techniques presented
Types of
Statistics in subsequent chapters.
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 7 / 24
 Presentation Outline

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
1 Chapter Objectives
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
2 What Is Statistics?
What Is
Statistics?

Why We 3 Why We Study Statistics?

Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics 4 Types of Statistics
Types of
variables
Types of variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 8 / 24
 What Is Statistics?

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 Egypt.)
/ 3 / 2021 9 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
The word statistics has two meanings. In the more com-
Amany E. Aly
mon usage, statistics refers to numerical facts. The num-
Chapter
Objectives

What Is
bers that represent the income of a family, the age of a
Statistics?

Why We
student, the percentage of passes completed by the quar-
Study
Statistics? terback of a football team, and the starting salary of a
Types of
Statistics
Types of
typical college graduate are examples of statistics in this
variables

sense of the word.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 10 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Definition 1
Objectives

What Is
Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, present-
Statistics?

Why We
ing, analyzing, and interpreting data to assist in making
Study
Statistics? decisions.
Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 11 / 24
 Presentation Outline

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
1 Chapter Objectives
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
2 What Is Statistics?
What Is
Statistics?

Why We 3 Why We Study Statistics?

Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics 4 Types of Statistics
Types of
variables
Types of variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 12 / 24
 Why We Study Statistics?

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
No matter what line of work you select, you will find
Objectives

What Is
yourself faced with decisions where an understanding of
Statistics?

Why We
Study
data analysis is helpful. In order to make an informed
Statistics?

Types of
decision, you will need to able to:
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 13 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 14 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
1 Determine whether the existing information is suffi-
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
cient or additional information is required.
Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 14 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
1 Determine whether the existing information is suffi-
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
cient or additional information is required.
Chapter
Objectives
2 Gather additional information, if it is needed, in such
What Is
Statistics?
away that it is does not provide misleading results.
Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 14 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
1 Determine whether the existing information is suffi-
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
cient or additional information is required.
Chapter
Objectives
2 Gather additional information, if it is needed, in such
What Is
Statistics?
away that it is does not provide misleading results.
Why We
Study
Statistics?
3 Summarize the information in a useful informative
Types of
Statistics
manner.
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 14 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
1 Determine whether the existing information is suffi-
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
cient or additional information is required.
Chapter
Objectives
2 Gather additional information, if it is needed, in such
What Is
Statistics?
away that it is does not provide misleading results.
Why We
Study
Statistics?
3 Summarize the information in a useful informative
Types of
Statistics
manner.
Types of
variables
4 Analyze the available information.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 14 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
1 Determine whether the existing information is suffi-
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
cient or additional information is required.
Chapter
Objectives
2 Gather additional information, if it is needed, in such
What Is
Statistics?
away that it is does not provide misleading results.
Why We
Study
Statistics?
3 Summarize the information in a useful informative
Types of
Statistics
manner.
Types of
variables
4 Analyze the available information.
5 Draw conclusions and make inferences.
Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 14 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
In summary, there are at least three reasons for studying
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
statistics:
Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 15 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
In summary, there are at least three reasons for studying
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
statistics:
Chapter
Objectives 1 Data is everywhere,
What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 15 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
In summary, there are at least three reasons for studying
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
statistics:
Chapter
Objectives 1 Data is everywhere,
What Is

2 Statistical techniques are used to make many decisions

Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics? that effect our lives,
Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 15 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
In summary, there are at least three reasons for studying
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly
statistics:
Chapter
Objectives 1 Data is everywhere,
What Is

2 Statistical techniques are used to make many decisions

Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics? that effect our lives,
Types of
Statistics
Types of 3 No matter what your future line of work, you will make
variables

decisions that involve data.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 15 / 24
 Presentation Outline

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
1 Chapter Objectives
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
2 What Is Statistics?
What Is
Statistics?

Why We 3 Why We Study Statistics?

Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics 4 Types of Statistics
Types of
variables
Types of variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 16 / 24
 Types of Statistics

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 17 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly The study of statistics is usually divided into two cate-
Chapter
Objectives
gories: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
What Is
Statistics? Definition 2
Why We
Study
Statistics?
Descriptive statistics are methods of organizing, summa-
Types of
Statistics
rizing and presenting data in an informative way.
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 18 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
Definition 3
What Is
Statistics?
Inferential statistics are methods used to determine some-
Why We
Study
thing about a population, based on a sample.
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 19 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
Definition 4
What Is
Statistics?
A population is a collection of all possible, objects, or
Why We
Study
measurements of interest.
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 20 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives
Definition 5
What Is
Statistics?
A sample is a portion, or a part, of the population of
Why We
Study
interest.
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 21 / 24
 Types of variables

Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 22 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
There are two types of variables
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
(A). A qualitative variable is nonnumeric.
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 23 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
There are two types of variables
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
(A). A qualitative variable is nonnumeric.
Objectives

What Is 1 Usually we are interested in the number or percent of

Statistics?

Why We
Study
the observations in each category.
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 23 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
There are two types of variables
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
(A). A qualitative variable is nonnumeric.
Objectives

What Is 1 Usually we are interested in the number or percent of

Statistics?

Why We
Study
the observations in each category.
Statistics?

Types of 2 qualitative data are usually summarized in graphs and

Statistics
Types of
variables par charts.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 23 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
(B). There are two types of quantitative variables and
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
they are usually reported numerically.
Objectives

What Is
Statistics?

Why We
Study
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 24 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
(B). There are two types of quantitative variables and
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
they are usually reported numerically.
Objectives

What Is 1 Discrete variables can assume only certain values, and

Statistics?

Why We
Study
there are usually gaps between values.
Statistics?

Types of
Statistics
Types of
variables

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 24 / 24
 Lecture 1: An
Introduction

Prof. Magdy
E. El-Adll &
Assoc. Prof.
(B). There are two types of quantitative variables and
Amany E. Aly

Chapter
they are usually reported numerically.
Objectives

What Is 1 Discrete variables can assume only certain values, and

Statistics?

Why We
Study
there are usually gaps between values.
Statistics?

Types of 2 A continuous variables can assume any value within a

Statistics
Types of
variables specific range or interval.

Prof. Magdy E. El-Adll & Assoc. Prof. Amany E. Aly ( Department of Lecture
Mathematics,
1: An Faculty
Introduction
of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,
31 /Egypt.)
3 / 2021 24 / 24