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SLO Questions (Grade#9th)

Chapter#1 Fundamentals Of Chemistry

1. Identify examples of different branches of chemistry?

a) Calorimeter is a device that measures the amount of heat of a substance absorbs
on heating or emits on cooling.
b) Hairs contain a special class of proteins called Keratins, which are present in nails
and wool. Proteins contain chains of C—atoms.
c) White lead is pigment used by artists for centuries, the metal Pb in the
compound is extracted from its ore galena. (PbS)
d) A chemist performed an experiment to check the percentage purity of a sample
of glucose (C6H12O6)
e) Plantation helps in overcoming greenhouse effect.
f) -- particle (He++) when bombarded on nitrogen atom a proton is emitted.
g) Meat, Milk and eggs contain long chains of carbon compounds
2. Differentiate between Simple Distillation and Fractional Distillation?
3. Gold is an element. Pure gold is not used for ornaments. Why?
4. How Avogadro’s Number is related to mole of any substance?
5. Determine the number of neutrons of an element X having mass number 35 and
atomic number 17. Also write the name of that element?
6. Why do atoms have no overall charge?
7. Name each of these atoms, and say how many Protons, Electrons and Neutrons it
has:
a) C612. b) O816. c) Mg1224. d) Al1327
8. Aspirin is used as a mild pain killer. There are nine carbon atoms, eight hydrogen
atoms and four oxygen atoms, in this compound. Write the empirical and molecular
formulas?
9. Write the empirical formulas for the compound containing carbon to hydrogen in the
following ratios:
a) 1:4. b) 2:6. c) 6:6
10. Determine the molecular mass of Glucose C6H12O6 which is also known as blood
sugar?
11. Explain why an oxide ion O-2 has -2 charge and Magnesium ion Mg+2 charge?
12. Identify ions, molecular ions and free radicals from the following species
a) CN- b) CN c) He+2 d) CH4+
13. Before the digestive system X-rayed, people are required to swallow suspensions of
barium sulphate BaSO4. Calculate mass of one mole of BasO4?
14. How many moles of each of the following substance are present
a) A balloon filled with 5g of hydrogen
b) A block of ice that weighs 100g
15. When natural gas burns CO2 is formed. If 0.25 moles of CO2 is formed what mass of
CO2 is produced?
16. Zn Zinc is a silvery metal that is used to galvanize steel to prevent corrosion. How
many atoms are there in 1.25 moles of Zn?
17. Methane (CH4) is the major component of natural gas. How many molecules are
present in 0.5 moles of a pure methane?
18. Titanium is corrosion resistant metal is used in rockets, aircrafts and jet engines.
Calculate its mass in a sample containing 3.0111023 atoms?
19. What do you know about corpuscular nature of matter?
20. How Chemistry flourished during Alchemists period. Mention the reasons behind?
21. Milk of magnesia which contains Mg(OH)2 is used to treat acidity. Determine its
formula mass?
22. Explain why melting and boiling points can be used as a way to check purity?
23. How would you obtain pure water from seawater?
24. The symbols for some elements came from their Latin names. See if you can identify
the elements whose latin name is:
a) Natrium. b) Ferrum c) plumbum d) argentum
25. Explain the difference between a mixture of Iron and Sulfur and the compound iron
sulfide?
26. Calculate the average atomic mass of neon from the given data.
a) Ne1020=90.51%. b) Ne1021=0.27%. c) Ne1022=9.22%
27. Calculate the formula mass of (NH4)2SO3.
28. What does Relative Atomic Mass mean. Why does it have the word Relative?
29. 56g of iron combine with 32g of sulfur to form iron sulfide. Find the empirical
formula for iron sulfide?
30. An oxide of sulfur is 40% sulfur and 60% oxygen. What is its empirical formula?
31. A compound has the empirical formula CH2 its Mr is 28. What is its molecular
formula?
32. Differentiate between Empirical and Molecular formula?
33. Differentiate between molecule and Compounds?
34. Who gave the theory of dual nature of matter. What it states?
35. Write some of the compound Chemical names and their Chemical Formulas that we
use in our daily.
a) Baking soda b) Lime stone. C) marsh gas d) Bleaching powder
36. What does relative atomic mass mean, why does it have the word relative?
37. The relative molecular mass and formula mass are both called Mr for short. What is
the difference between them?
38. Does a mole of carbon atom have a different mass than a mole of Sulphur atoms?
39. Why one mole of Hydrogen molecule and one mole of hydrogen atom have different
masses?
40. Calculate the total number of atoms present in 18g of H2O?
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Chapter#2 Structure Of Atom

1. Sodium has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. Write the electron configuration of the
Sodium atom.
2. Potassium has the electronic arrangement 2,8,8,1
a) What is its proton number?
b) Draw its electronic structure.
3. The element Krypton, Kr is in Group VIII, Period 4. Its proton number is 36.
a) Write down the electronic configuration for Krypton.
b) What can you say about the reactivity of Krypton.
4. Radioisotopes can be used to check pipes for leaks.
a) Explain how this works.
b) How could you tell that a pipe had no leak?
5. Carbon-14 is radioactive. What does that mean?
6. Uranium has three isotopes with mass number 234,235 and 238 respectively.
a) Mention their Uses
b) Number of Protons, electrons and neutrons
c) Also their percentage abundance and Structure
7. Write the electronic configuration for the following isotopes
a) Cl1737. b) C614
8. Explain how Bohr’s atomic theory differed from Rutherford’s atomic theory?
9. Can you identify an atom without knowing number of neutrons in it?
10. Distinguish between shells and sub-shell?
11. M-24 is a radioactive-isotopes used to diagnose restricted blood circulation, for
example in legs. How many electrons, protons and neutrons are there in this isotope.
Valence shell electronic configuration of M is 3s1
12. Explain Rutherford’s atomic model, highlighting its key features and limitations.
13. Describe the experimental evidence that led to the development of this model,
including famous gold foil experiment.
14. Discuss the postulates proposed by Bohr to explain the stability of electrons in an
atoms and quantized energy levels within atom.
15. Analyze the limitations of Dalton’s atomic theory in light of modern advancement in
atomic theory and experimental observations.
16. Evaluate the historical significance of Dalton’s atomic theory in the development of
chemistry and its role in shaping our modern understanding of the atom.
17. State the importance and uses of isotopes in various field of life.
18. Give the electronic distribution (electronic configuration) of the following elements
and ions.
a) Al+3 b) Ca+2 c) Ne d) Cl

Chapter#3 Periodic Table & Periodicity Of Properties

1. In which Period and Group the following elements are present in the Periodic
table
a) Ne. b) Si c) P d) Ba
2. Identify the group and period of Al1327 , B59 , Mg1224 on the basis of electronic
configuration.
3. Briefly discuss the arrangement of Elements in John Newland periodic table.
4. Find out the position of the following elements in the periodic table from the
atomic number.
a) Chlorine (atomic number 17) b) Barium (atomic number 56)
5. Choose the elements whose atom you expect to have greater shielding effect.
Give reasons?
a) Be or Mg b) F or I c) C or Si
6. Identify an element that has smaller Ionization in each of the following pairs. Also
mention reasons.
a) Li, C b) N, F c) Ca, Br
7. Determine the general trends in electronegativities across period and group.
8. Argue in what region of periodic table you will find elements with relatively
a) High Ionization energies
b) Low Ionization energies
9. Imagine you are standing on the top of Neon-20 nucleus. How many type of sub-
atomic particles you would see looking down into the nucleus and those you
would see look out from the nucleus.
10. Differentiate between inner transition elements and outer transition elements.
11. Which set has the most similar chemical properties?
a) N,P,As b) Li,C,F
12. Describe how the number of valence electron changes with group number, across
the Periodic table.
13. What is meant by the term monoatomic?
14. Explain why the noble gases, unlike all other gaseous elements, are monoatomic?
15. Rubidium is an alkali metal. It lies below potassium in Group I
a) How many electronic shells are there?
 b) How many electrons are there?
16. State the link between periodic table and proton number.
17. What is metalloid? Give three examples.
18. What is the other name of Group I elements? Why are they called that?
19. Using periodic table find the names of three metals in common use around you.
Name two non-metals that you breathe in?
20. Chemist consider periodic table very useful. Why?
21. Write five uses of Noble gases in daily life?
22. Suggest reasons why copper is used in hot water pipes while iron is not?
23. How does the table of elements drawn up by John Newlands differ from the
modern Periodic Table?

Chapter#4: Structure Of Molecule

1. In what ways atom do form ions? Why do atom form ions.

2. Elaborate with example that Ionic bonds are formed between what two types of
elements?
3. State the formula of the ions formed by the following atoms
a) Calcium (2,8,8,2). b) Fluorine (2,7). c) Lithium (2,1). d) Oxygen (2,6)
4. Draw the diagram to show the Ionic bond in magnesium oxide (MgO) and
Magnesium chloride (MgCl2).
5. Draw the electron Dot and Cross diagram of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and (H2O).
6. Define Adhesives. Discuss their significance and uses in daily life?
7. Recognize the following compounds as having Ionic bonds.
a) KCl b) AlCl3. c) MgF2
8. Atoms of Group VIII elements do not form ions. Why not?
9. Describe in your own words the structure of solid sodium chloride, and explain why
its formula is NaCl.
10. Explain why the bond in nitrogen molecule is called a triple bond?
11. How do the atoms gain stable outer shells, in ammonia?
12. Which group of the elements form covalent bonds? How is a covalent bond formed
between two atoms?
13. Predict the type of bond formed between two atoms having an electronegativity
difference greater than 0.5?
14. Identify ten common substances in and around your home and indicate whether you
would expect these substances to contain Ionic, covalent or metallic bond?
15. Which of the following substances are expected to form Hydrogen bonds?
a) H2O. b) CH3OH. c) NH3
16. Mention the five uses of Epoxy adhesives?
17. List some general properties of metals and their uses?
18. Differentiate between Polar and Non-polar covalent bond?
19. What is Dative or Co-ordinate covalent bond explain it with example of NH4Cl and
H3O+?
20. Why Ionic compounds are represented by their empirical formulas?
 21.

Chapter#5 Physical States Of Matter

1. Ammonia gas is used as a refrigerant 0.474 atm. Pressure is required to change

2000cm3 sample of ammonia initially at 1.0 atm. To 4.22dm3 at constant
temperature. Show that this data satisfy Boyle’s law.
2. Give reason why when you put nail polish remover on your palm, you feel a
sensation of coldness.
3. Why wet clothes dry quickly in summer than in winter.
4. A bacterial culture isolated from sewage produces 36.4 cm3 of methane (CH4) gas at
27 oC and 7.60mmHg. This gas occupies 33.124 cm3 at O oC and same pressure.
Explain Volume-temperature relationship from this data.
5. Differentiate between diffusion and effusion?
6. A student obtained the following data in an experiment at 20 0C
P(atm) V(dm3) P(atm) V(dm3)
0.350 0.707 0.951 0.261
0.551 0.405 1.210 0.205
0.762 0.325
Explain pressure-volume relationship using the data and the Boyle’s law.
7. The boiling point of water on the top of Mount Everest is 70 oC, while at Muree 98 oC.
Explain this difference?
8. If you try to cook an egg in boiling water while camping at an elevation of 0.5km in
the mountain, you will find that it takes longer than at home. Explain why.
9. Sodium chloride, an ionic compound has a melting point of 801 oC. Whereas
molecular solid such as ice has relatively low melting point of 0 oC. Explain this
difference.
10. How meat is preserved without refrigerator. Explain?
11. Explain the Allotropic forms of any two solids.
12. Is evaporation a cooling process. Elaborate?
13. Can you make water boil at 70 oC?
14. Differentiate between Condensation and Evaporation.
15. Why a gas material is compressible but a solid is not compressible? Give reasons.
16. Explain why salt is put on the roads in icy weather?
17. Use ideas about vapour pressure to explain how impurities increase the boiling point
of water?
18. What do the term Transition temperature means?
19. Briefly explain the allotropic form of Sulphur?
20. How do you compare Boiling and Evaporation?
21. Define Pressure. What are the units of Pressure? Convert 1 atm into KPa?
22. Why Pressure cooker saves time in the Kitichen?
23. Why does evaporation lower the temperature of a liquid?
24. How does temperature effect vapour pressure of liquid?
Chapter#6 Solutions
1. Give example of solid solution containing two solids?
2. Can you call a collide a solution?
3. Gasoline does not dissolve in water, why?
4. Explain why CH3OH (methanol) is soluble in water but C6H6 is not?
5. How can you prepare 250 cm of 0.5M MgSO4 from a stock solution of 2.5M
MgSO4?
6. Give examples of the following solutions:
a) A liquid solution solvent and gaseous solute
b) A liquid solution solvent and gaseous solute
7. How are solutions useful for society? Give three examples.
8. A 10.0 g of solid solute is placed in 100 g of water at 200 oC and all of it
dissolves. Then another 4.0 g of the solute is added at 20 oC and all of it
dissolves.
a) Is the first solution saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated?
b) Is it possible to tell from this information that the final solution is
unsaturated or saturated.
9. Which solution is more dilute 50 cm3 of 0.2M NaOH or 100 cm3 of 0.1M
NaOH.