Introduction D Block Elements / Transition elements
Go to Play store ecareerpoint Application
D Block Elements / Transition elements
Elements in which last electron enters into (n-1) d subshell is known as
d block elements
D Block elements are often called as Transition elements because their
position is b/w s and p block elements.
D Block Elements / Transition elements
If element have at least one unpaired electron either in ground state
or in standard oxidation state then it is Transition element.
Cu : Transition element
Zn : D Block element
Zn Cd Hg are not transition but it is a D Block element
All transition metals are d block elements but all d block elements are
not transition elements.
D Block Elements / Transition elements
Elements in which last electron enters into (n-1) d subshell is known as
d block elements
4th period 3 d series 1st transition series
5th period 4 d series 2nd transition series
6th period 5 d series 3rd transition series
D Block Elements / Transition elements
3d series Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Atomic Num 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Electronic
Configuration
4d series Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd
Atomic Num 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Electronic 4d10 4d10 4d10
Configuration 5S0 5S1 5S2
5d series La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg
Atomic Num 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Electronic 5d9
Configuration 6S1
D Block Elements / Transition elements
In transition elements the energy difference between (n-1)d subshell &
ns subshell is very low therefore electrons can easily transit b/w 2
subshell, So we get irregular trends in d block elements.
General Properties : D Block Elements
1 Metallic Character All are metals and good conductor of heat & electricity
Metallic character of transition element is lower than S Block due to :
1. Small Size
2. High EN
1. D block elements have high atomic number than S Block
2. D block element has lesser size so can not loose electron easily
3. In D block elements electron enters into (n-1)d subshell
General Properties : D Block Elements
2 Electronic configuration (n-1)d1-10 ns1-2
Electronic configuration for period 4, is (Ar) 4s 1-2 3d 1-10
Electronic configuration for period 5, is (Kr) 5s 1-2 4d 1-10
Electronic configuration for period 6, is (Xe) 4s 1-2 3d 1-10
General Properties : D Block Elements
3 Atomic Size : Atomic Size shows irregular trend in D Block elements
In first transition series (3d series) atomic size first decrease
then remains constant and then increases at the end.
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Screening effect
Zeffective or
Shielding effect
Decreases rapidly, from column 3 to 7
Remains steady, from column 8 to 10
Start increasing, from column 11 to 12
General Properties : D Block Elements
Atomic Size :
General Properties : D Block Elements
Atomic Size : On moving from 3d to 4d series size increases
Again on moving from 4d to 5d series size remains same due to
lanthanide contraction. (poor shielding of 4f electrons)
General Properties D Block Elements
4 Ionization Energy In first transition series Ionization energy first increase
then remains constant and then should decrease but
increases at the end due to stability of fulfilled
configuration of Cu and Zn
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
General Properties D Block Elements
Ionization Energy From top to bottom IE will decrease from 3d to 4d series but
will increase from 4d to 5d and 5d to 6d.
General Properties D Block Elements
Melting Point / The melting point of d block metals are greater than s block bcoz in
Boiling Point addition to metallic bonding there is extra covalent bonding due to
presence of unpaired electrons & the empty or partially filled
5 d-orbitals
This trend goes till d5 configuration and then decreases as more
electrons get paired in the d-orbital.
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Cr Zn
Mo maximum M.P Cd minimum M.P
W Hg
General Properties D Block Elements
6 Enthalpy of Atomization M(s) → M(g)
Energy required to break all the bonds in metal lattice and convert
the metal atom into gaseous atom is called enthalpy of atomization
Enthalpy of atomization will be higher for
that metal which shows covalent bonding in
addition to metallic bonding.
General Properties D Block Elements
7 Oxidation state Oxidation state is a hypothetical state, where the atom appears
to release or gain electrons more than the usual valency state.
D Block elements exhibit variable oxidation state due to
availability of unpaired e-- & vacant d orbital
General Properties D Block Elements
Oxidation state
The minimum Oxidation state
of 1 is shown by Cr, Cu, Ag,
Au and Hg.
General Properties D Block Elements
Oxidation state
More stable Oxidation state increases in the order 3d ˂ 4d ˂ 5d
3d series elements are most stable in +2; 4d series in +2 and +4 &
5d series in +4. Cr6+ and Mn7+ (of 3d) are not stable in their higher OS
Compounds containing them, CrO42- and MnO4– are very reactive &
strong oxidizing agents.
The most stable compounds of chromium are those of Cr(III), but the
corresponding Mo(III) and W(III) compounds are highly reactive.
General Properties D Block Elements
Lower oxidation states in these metals are stabilised by ligands like CO, which
are pi-electron donors.
Ni(CO)4, Fe(CO)5, [Ag(CN)2]–, [Ag(NH3)2]+
Higher oxidation states are stabilized by electronegative elements like Fluorine
& Oxygen. Hence the high oxidation compounds of these metals are mainly
fluorides and oxides.
MnO4-- Cr2O7--2
general d block elements have high IE so removal of electrons are not easy
But Oxygen & Fluorine have:
1) high electronegativity
2) Tendency to form multiple bonds
General Properties D Block Elements
Compounds having CMA in high oxidation state are predominantly
covalent in nature. (According to Fajan’s Rule)
MnO MnO2 Mn2O7
In oxides, as the oxidation state of CMA increases, its acidic character
increases
MnO MnO2 Mn2O7
General Properties D Block Elements
Magnetic behaviour of D Block elements :
Diamagnetic: if repelled,
Paramagnetic: if attracted and
Ferromagnetic: if it can retain the larger magnetic nature even in the
absence of magnetic field
Magnetic moment of Mn+x ion is 5.96 BM. Find out the number of
Que :
unpaired electron, value of x and magnetic behaviour.