Morphology of Stamen
The androecium is the set of floral organ composed of stamens. Each
stamen is composed of a slender stalk-like filament supporting a knob
like spore case or the anther. Commonly the stamen consists of a two-
lobed four-loculed anther. The anther is found to be situated on a
slender filament which bears single vascular bundle. In certain primitive
dicotyledonous families the stamens are leaf-like and possess three
veins, whereas in advance types they are single-veined.
Each anther consists of two lobes (anther lobes) connected by a
connective which can be clearly seen on the dorsal side as an extension
of the filament. Each anther lobe, again, has two pollen sacs or pollen
chambers placed longitudinally. Each pollen chamber represents a
microsporangium and contains innumerable microspores or pollens.
While this is the normal case, there are some flowers where the anther
possesses only two pollen chambers and in Malvaceae even these two
pollen chambers fuse together developing a mature unilocular anther.
A flower may sometimes be reduced to a single stamen as seen in the
cyathium inflorescence
family Andreoecium Fruit
(I)Solanacea Five stamens, Berry or
e Epipetalous Capsule
Ten stamens,
(II) fabaceae Legume
Diadelphous
Capsule
(III) Liliaceae Stamens six (3+3)
Berry
Stamen arrangement is the placement of stamens relative to one
another.
Monadelphous condition, the filaments of different stamens in a
flower are united into a single bundle or tube-like structure, but the
anthers remain free.
Didymous, with stamens in two equal pairs;
Didynamous, with stamens in two unequal pairs (as in
many Bignoniaceae, Lamiaceae, Scophulariaceae, etc.); and
Tetradynamous, with stamens in two groups of four long and two short
(typical of the Brassicaceae).
In syngenisious condition of stamen anther are fused with each other but
the filament are free .
In monadelphous condition, the filaments are united to form a single
bundle while their anthers are free.
In synandrous condition, the stamens are united in their whole length.