Relativity Problem Set II Solutions
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ullahfaizan00Relativity Problem Set II Solutions
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ullahfaizan00Common questions
Powered by AIEinstein's velocity addition formula: u' = (u + v)/(1 + uv/c^2) derives from transforming spatial and temporal coordinates between inertial frames via Lorentz transformations. The precise algebra combines longitudinal velocity transformations, ensuring results adhere to the speed of light limitation .
From our point of view, the time taken by the proton to cross the galaxy is calculated using t = diameter/speed: 105 light-years / 0.99c = approximately 106 light-years time in observer's frame . In the proton's frame, the galaxy is contracted by the Lorentz factor, making it seem narrower: L' = L * sqrt(1-(v^2/c^2)), leading to a much shorter time duration .
The time of arrival for the spaceship journey, as measured by the clock at the Sun, is determined by dividing the distance by the spaceship's speed: t = distance/v = 5.3 light-years / (3/7)c = 12.35 years . In the spaceship's rest frame, time is dilated due to its high velocity; the proper time involves the Lorentz factor, which is derived from the speed and is less than the Sun's frame time .
Two events separated by space and time in one inertial frame can appear simultaneous in another by choosing a frame moving with velocity v that nullifies the observed spatial separation due to relativistic effects. Solving involves setting γ(vΔx/c^2) = Δt, resulting in an apparent simultaneous occurrence with the transformed coordinates .
Observer A moving at 5 × 10^2 m/s for a round trip of 102 seconds, as per B's clock, experiences less time passage due to time dilation. The difference in aging is calculated as Δt' - Δt, where Δt' = Δt*sqrt(1-(v^2/c^2)). The difference measures A's experience of time as slightly less than B's, due to relativistic effects, reducing their aging.
The Doppler shift for light from a receding star is Δλ = λ_0 * (v/c), where λ_0 is the rest wavelength 6561 Å and v is 2.5 × 10^5 m/s. The result shows a redshift proportional to the recessional speed, following relativistic Doppler principles .
Given the decay length L in the lab and the proper lifetime τ of the meson, we use L = γ * v * τ, where γ is the Lorentz factor. Solving for v, the speed of the meson, using the proper lifetime τ = 12.4 ns and L = 10.0 m gives v approximately equal to 0.56c .
To perceive a red traffic light (λ ∼ 7 × 10^-5 cm) as green (λ ∼ 5 × 10^-5 cm), solve λ' = λ√((1-v/c)/(1+v/c)), for v, using the given wavelengths. The resultant speed involves significant relativistic effects at about 0.29c, illustrating dramatic necessary velocity changes .
For a muon traveling at 3/5c, its lifetime as measured in the Earth's frame is given by the time dilation formula: τ = τ_0/√(1-v^2/c^2). With τ_0 = 2.2 μs, the time dilation factor accounts for a slower decay process relative to the muon's rest frame, resulting in a longer lifetime when observed from Earth .
Starting with the basic modified speed of light: c/n + kv in running water, and using velocity composition, we set an expression for resulting light velocity and solve for k using refractive index n = 4/3, yielding k’s correlation to refractive index and relative velocity .