UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
EESC 6390 - Introduction to Wireless Communications Systems
Solution Set #3
Solution 3.1
For Rayleigh fading amplitude is z, then, the power will be 𝑧 ! . The outage
probability is the probability that 𝑧 ! is less than the specified power level 𝑃" . First
convert 𝑃" =-80 dBm to linear scale (mW). The outage probability is defined as
'!
&
𝑃#$% = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏[𝑧 ! ≤ 𝑃" ] = 1 − 𝑒 !(" = 0.01
𝑃" 10&*
𝑃0) = 2𝜎 ! = = ≈ 10&+ 𝑚𝑊 ⇒ −60 𝑑𝐵𝑚
−log (1 − 𝑃#$% ) 0.0101
Note that the average power from above equation can be found as 𝐸 [𝑃) ] = 2𝜎 ! ≈
10&+ 𝑚𝑊 ⟹ −60𝑑𝐵𝑚.
Solution 3.2
𝑃0) =-90dBm and Doppler 𝑓, = 10 Hz
"
𝐿𝐶𝑅 = √2𝜋 𝑓, 𝜌𝑒 &-
𝑃" = −120 dB, 𝜌! = 10&. = 0.001
𝐿𝐶𝑅 = H𝜌! 2𝜋 𝑓, 𝑒 &".""0 = 0.79 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝑃" = −105 dBm, 𝜌! = 10&0.1 = 0.0316
𝐿𝐶𝑅 = H𝜌! 2𝜋 𝑓, 𝑒 &".".0+ = 4.31 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐
and 𝑃" = −90 dBm, 𝜌! = 10" = 1
𝐿𝐶𝑅 = H𝜌! 2𝜋 𝑓, 𝑒 &0 = 9.22 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Solution 3.3
We found the level crossing rate below a level by taking an average of the number of
times the level was crossed over a large period of time. It is easy to convince that the
level crossing rate above a level will have the same expression as in textbook/slides
because to go below a level again, we first need to go above it. There will be some
discrepancy at the end points, but for a large enough T it will not affect the result. So
we have
"
𝐿2 (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒) = 𝐿2 (𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤) = √2𝜋 𝑓, 𝜌𝑒 &-
And,
𝑝(𝑧 > 𝑍)
𝑡Y2 (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒) =
𝐿2 (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒)
where
" "
𝑝(𝑧 > 𝑍) = 1 − 𝑝(𝑧 ≤ 𝑍) = 1 − ]1 − 𝑒 &- ^ = 𝑒 &-
1
𝑡Y2 (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒) =
√2𝜋𝑓, 𝜌
𝑃"
𝜌! = = 10&".1 = 0.3162
0
𝑃)
The values of 𝑡Y2 (𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒) for 𝑓, = 50 Hz is 0.0142s.
Solution 3.4
0 0"""
𝑓3 = 900MHz and 𝜆 = . 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝜈 = 100 × .+"" = 27.78 m/sec
4
Signal path 1 à 𝑓,# = 5 cos 𝜃0 = 27.78 × 3 = 83.33𝐻𝑧
4
Signal path 2 à 𝑓," = 5 cos 𝜃! = 27.78 × 3 × cos 30∘ = 72.16𝐻𝑧
4
Signal path 3 à 𝑓,$ = 5 cos 𝜃. = 27.78 × 3 × cos 110∘ = −28.5𝐻𝑧
Below we only show the spectrum in the positive half.
𝑓3 − 28.5 𝑓3 𝑓3 + 72.16 𝑓3 + 83.33 𝐻𝑧
Solution 3.5