Q1: What is BGP and the purpose of bgp?
BGP States as Border Gateway Protocol and is used to exchange routing between two
different autonomous systems (AS). The Border Gateway Protocol makes routing
decisions based on paths, network policies, or rules configured
Q2: What is the Port Number of BGP?
BGP is an application layer protocol and uses TCP port 179
Q3: What is the BGP path selection criteria?
BGP path selected on the base of the below process
• Choose the route with the highest weight, in case you have Cisco router.
• If weight is not set, choose the route with the highest local preference
• Choose routes that this router originated
• Choose the path with the shortest Autonomous System path
• Choose the path with the lowest origin code (i is lowest, e is next, ? is last).
• Choose the route with the lowest MED, if the same Autonomous System
advertises the possible routes
• Choose an EBGP route over an IBGP route
• Choose the route through the nearest IGP neighbor as determined by the lowest
IGP metric.
• Choose the oldest route
Q4: What is recursive lookup in BGP and how it works?
The router looks up the BGP route and the BGP next hop to reach a destination in the
remote AS. Then the router looks up the route to reach the BGP next hop using the
IGP.
Q5: Define various types of communities and why they are used?
There are four well-known communities that can be referenced by name
• No-export: prevents the route from being advertised outside the local AS to
eBGP peers.
• No-advertise: prevents the route from being advertised to either internal or
external peers
• Internet: allows the route to be advertised outside the local AS.
• Local-AS: prevents the route from being advertised outside the local AS to either
eBGP or confederate peers
Q6: What is the purpose of route dampening?
Route dampening minimizes the impact of route flaps in downstream autonomous
systems upon local and upstream autonomous systems.
Q7: Do iBGP sessions modify the next hop?
iBGP sessions preserve the next hop attribute learned from eBGP peers. This is why it
is important to have an internal route to the next hop. The BGP route is otherwise
unreachable. In order to make sure you can reach the eBGP next hop, include the
network that the next hop belongs to in the IGP or issue the next-hop-self neighbor
command to force the router to advertise itself, rather than the external peer, as the next
hop.
Q8: What additional command do you have to use to establish intra confederation
EBGP sessions between loopback interfaces?
To establish intra confederation EBGP sessions between loopback interfaces, you must
specify ebgp-multihop on the intra confederation EBGP neighbor.
Q9: What is the difference between split horizon and poison reverse?
Split-horizon routing with poison reverse is a variant of split-horizon route advertising in
which a router actively advertises routes as unreachable over the interface over which
they were learned by setting the route metric to infinite
Q10: What is route reflector and why it is required?
A route reflector is BGP router that is allowed to break the iBGP loop avoidance rule.
Route reflectors can advertise updates received from an iBGP peer to another iBGP
peer under specific conditions.