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Java Programming Basics and Examples

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

7 views63 pages

Java Programming Basics and Examples

Uploaded by

imamoddin15

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2023

Java Programming- i
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

1. Print “Hello World”.

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

public class hello {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// TODO code application logic here

[Link](" Hello worldl");

Output:

run:

Hello worldl

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

2023 1
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] are of circle:

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

public class circle {

public static void main(String args[])

float PI=3.14f,r=10.0f,area;

area=PI*r*r;

[Link](" area of circle with radius " + r + " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

area of circle with radius 10.0 is:314.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

2023 2
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

3. Calculate are of square :

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

public class quare {

public static void main(String args[])

int l=10;

float area;

area=l*l;

[Link](" area of square with length " + l + " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

area of square with length 10 is:100.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

2023 3
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

4. Calculate are of rectangle:

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

public class rectangle {

public static void main(String args[]){

int l=10;

int b=25;

float area;

area=l*b;

[Link](" area of rectangle with length " + l +"And height"+b+ "

is:"+area);

Output:

run:

area of square with length 10And height25 is:250.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

2023 4
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] are of triangle:

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

public class triangle {

public static void main(String args[]){

int h=10;

int b=25;

float area;

area=0.5f *h*b;

[Link](" area of triangle with height " + h +"And baset"+b+ " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

area of triangle with height 10And baset25 is:125.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

2023 5
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

6. add two integer numbers. (Take input form user):

Input:

package student;

import [Link];

/** @author YASH

public class add {

public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException {

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);

double n1,n2,n3;

[Link]("Enter n1 : ");

n1=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter n1 : ");

n2=[Link]([Link]());

n3 = n1 + n2;

[Link]("n1 = "+n1);

[Link]("n2 = "+n2);

[Link]("Sum = "+n3);

Output:

run:

Enter n1 : 12

Enter n1 : 20

n1 = 12.0

n2 = 20.0

Sum = 32.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 5 seconds)

2023 6
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

7. Calculate are of circle: (Take input form user)

input:

package student;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class circle {

public static void main(String args[])throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);

float PI=3.14f,area, r;

[Link]("Enter radius: ");

r=[Link]([Link]());

area=PI*r*r;

[Link](" area of circle with radius " + r + " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

Enter radius: 12

area of circle with radius 12.0 is:452.16

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 3 seconds)

2023 7
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

8. Calculate are of square: (Take input form user)

Input:

package student;

import [Link];

import static [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class quare {

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link]("Enter length : ");

l=[Link]([Link]());

float area,l;

area=l*l;

[Link](" area of square with length " + l + " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

Enter length : 14

area of square with length 14.0 is:196.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 10 seconds)

2023 8
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

9. Calculate are of rectangle: (Take input form user)

Input:

package student;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class rectangle {

public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);

float l,b, area;

[Link]("Enter length : ");

l=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter Height : ");

b=[Link]([Link]());

area=l*b;

[Link](" area of square with length " + l +"And height"+b+ " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

Enter length : 12

Enter Height : 24

area of square with length 12.0And height24.0 is:288.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 7 seconds)

2023 9
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

10. Calculate are of triangle: (Take input form user)

Input:

package student;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class triangle {

public static void main(String args[])throws IOException{

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);

float h, b, area;

[Link]("Enter height : ");

h=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter base : ");

b=[Link]([Link]());

area=0.5f *h*b;

[Link](" area of triangle with height " + h +"And base"+b+ " is:"+area);

Output:

run:

Enter height : 14

Enter base : 17

area of triangle with height 14.0And base17.0 is:119.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 6 seconds)

2023 10
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] of circle using Class mechanism:

Input:

package student;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class Mycircle

int r;

float area;

// default constructor

public Mycircle()

r = 10;

// parameterised constructor

public Mycircle(int pdim1)

r = pdim1;

// copy constructor

public Mycircle(Mycircle mc)

2023 11
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

r = mc.r;

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader ( [Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( ir);

[Link](" Enter radius :");

r = [Link]([Link]());

public void display_data()

[Link](" radius = "+ r);

[Link](" area = "+ area);

return;

public void cal_area()

area = 3.14f * r * r;

return;

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

// TODO code application logic here

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader ( [Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( ir);

Mycircle mc = new Mycircle();

2023 12
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

mc.input_data();

mc.cal_area();

mc.display_data();

Output :

run:

Enter radius :17

radius = 17

area = 907.46

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 minute 40 seconds)

2023 13
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

12. write a java program which will perform operation on bank

1. Insert Customer Information

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

import [Link].*;

class bank

int acno;

String name;

int balance;

public bank()

acno = 100;

name = "Patel Hatsh";

balance = 1000;

// parametrised

public bank( int pacno , String pname, int pbalance)

acno = pacno;

2023 14
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

name = pname;

balance = pbalance;

// copy

public bank( bank pobj)

acno = [Link];

name = [Link];

balance = [Link];

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link]("Enter account no : ");

acno=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter name : ");

name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter balance : ");

balance =[Link]([Link]());

return;

public void display_data()

2023 15
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link]( "acno : "+ acno );

[Link]( "name : "+ name );

[Link]( "balance : "+ balance );

public void deposite() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

int deposite_amt;

[Link]("Enter deposite amount : ");

deposite_amt =[Link]([Link]());

balance = balance + deposite_amt;

return;

public void withdraw() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

int withdraw_amt;

[Link]("Enter withdraw amount : ");

withdraw_amt =[Link]([Link]());

if (( balance - withdraw_amt) > 500 )

balance = balance - withdraw_amt;

else

[Link](" Your Balance is not sufficient ...");

2023 16
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

return;

public class bank_info {

public static void main(String a[])throws IOException

// create object

bank bob = new bank();

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

int choice;

[Link](" Main Menu ");

[Link]("");

[Link]("1. Insert Customer Information ");

[Link]("2. Display Information ");

[Link]("3. Deposite Amount ");

[Link]("4. Withdraw Amount ");

[Link]("5. Exit");

[Link]("Enter your choice : ");

choice =[Link]([Link]());

switch (choice)

2023 17
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

case 1:

bob.input_data();

break;

case 2:

bob.display_data();

break;

case 3:

[Link]();

break;

case 4:

[Link]();

break;

case 5:

break;

default :

[Link]("Invalid Choice...");

}while( choice != 5) ;

return;

Output:

run:

Main Menu

1. Insert Customer Information

2023 18
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

5. Exit

Enter your choice : 1

Enter account no : 839022

Enter name : Sadie Sink

Enter balance : 157000

Main Menu

1. Insert Customer Information

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

5. Exit

Enter your choice : 2

acno : 839022

name : Sadie Sink

balance : 157000

Main Menu

1. Insert Customer Information

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

5. Exit

Enter your choice : 3

Enter deposite amount : 43000

Main Menu

1. Insert Customer Information

2023 19
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

5. Exit

Enter your choice : 4

Enter withdraw amount : 50000

Main Menu

1. Insert Customer Information

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

5. Exit

Enter your choice : 2

acno : 839022

name : Sadie Sink

balance : 150000

Main Menu

1. Insert Customer Information

2. Display Information

3. Deposite Amount

4. Withdraw Amount

5. Exit

Enter your choice :

2023 20
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

13. Write a java program to input and display student's information

and also display student_result:

Input:

package student;

/**

* @author YASH

import [Link].*;

// declare class

class student

// instance variables

int rno , s1, s2,s3;

String name, result;

public student()

rno = 101;

name = " Sadie Sink”

s1 = 55;

s2 = 66;

s3 = 77;

public student(int prno, String pname, int ps1, int ps2, int ps3)

rno = prno;

name = pname;

s1 = ps1;

2023 21
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

s2 = ps2;

s3 = ps3;

public student( student pobj)

rno = [Link];

name = [Link];

s1 = pobj.s1;

s2 = pobj.s2;

s3 = pobj.s3;

public void inputdata()throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link]("Enter Roll no= ");

rno=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter Name= ");

name=[Link]();

[Link]("Enter s1= ");

s1=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter s2= ");

s2=[Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter s3= ");

s3=[Link]([Link]());

return;

2023 22
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

public void displaydata()

[Link]("rno= "+rno);

[Link](" Name : "+ name );

[Link]("s1= "+s1);

[Link]("s2= "+s2);

[Link]("s3= "+s3);

[Link]("Result = " + result);

return;

public void cal_result()

// local variables

int total;

float percent;

total = s1+s2+s3;

percent = total / 3.0f;

if ( percent >= 70 )

result = " Distinction ";

else if ( percent >=60 )

result = " First Class";

else if ( percent >= 50 )

result = " Second Class ";

else if ( percent >= 35 )

result = " Pass Class";

else

result = "Fail";

return;

2023 23
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

public class stud_result {

public static void main(String args[])throws IOException

//create object

student st1 = new student();

// default constructor

student st2 = new student(102, "kepal rohit",44,55,66);

[Link]();

st1.cal_result();

[Link]();

return;

Output:

run:

Enter Roll no= 45

Enter Name= Lucas Sinkler

Enter s1= 56

Enter s2= 64

Enter s3= 50

rno= 45

Name : Lucas Sinkler

s1= 56

s2= 64

s3= 50

Result = Second Class

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 32 seconds)

2023 24
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] program to insert and display array:

Input:

package myarray;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class array1 {

public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException {

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader ( [Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( ir);

//declare array

int a[]= new int[10];

int i;

int n;

[Link]( " Enter n : ");

n= [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter Array elements ");

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

[Link]("ENter a["+i+"]=");

a[i]=[Link]([Link]());

2023 25
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

[Link]("a[ "+i+" ] ="+a[i]);

Output :

run:

Enter n : 7

Enter Array elements

ENter a[0]=1

ENter a[1]=2

ENter a[2]=3

ENter a[3]=4

ENter a[4]=5

ENter a[5]=6

ENter a[6]=7

a[ 0 ] =1

a[ 1 ] =2

a[ 2 ] =3

a[ 3 ] =4

a[ 4 ] =5

a[ 5 ] =6

a[ 6 ] =7

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 16 seconds)

2023 26
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] program of linear search array:

Input:

package myarray;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class linear_search {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

// TODO code application logic here

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader ( [Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( ir);

// decalre array

int a[] = new int [10];

int n; // total number of elements

int i,item, pos;

[Link]( " Enter n : ");

n= [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter Array elements ");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

[Link]("Enter a[ "+i+" ] =");

a[i] = [Link]([Link]());

2023 27
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link]("Array elements are");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

[Link]("a[ "+i+" ] ="+a[i]);

[Link]( " Enter item to search : ");

item= [Link]([Link]());

pos = -1;

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

if (a[i] == item )

pos = i;

[Link]( item +" Found at position "+ pos);

return;

if ( pos == -1 )

[Link]( item+ " Not Found ...");

Output:

run:

Enter n : 7

Enter Array elements

2023 28
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

Enter a[ 0 ] =1

Enter a[ 1 ] =2

Enter a[ 2 ] =3

Enter a[ 3 ] =5

Enter a[ 4 ] =4

Enter a[ 5 ] =7

Enter a[ 6 ] =6

Array elements are

a[ 0 ] =1

a[ 1 ] =2

a[ 2 ] =3

a[ 3 ] =5

a[ 4 ] =4

a[ 5 ] =7

a[ 6 ] =6

Enter item to search : 5

5 Found at position 3

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 22 seconds)

2023 29
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

16. Write program of bubble search array:

Input:

package myarray;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

public class bubble_sort {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader ( [Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( ir);

// decalre array

// type array_name [] = new type [10];

int a[] = new int [10];

int n; // total number of elements

int i;

[Link]( " Enter n : ");

n= [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter Array elements ");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++){

[Link]("Enter a[ "+i+" ] =");

a[i] = [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Array elements are");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

[Link]("a[ "+i+" ] ="+a[i]);

2023 30
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

// sort array using bubble sort method

int k,ptr,temp;

[Link]("\n sort array using bubble sort method \n");

for(k=0;k<n-1;k++)

for(ptr=0;ptr<n-k-1;ptr++)

/* > : for ascending order(incresing order)

< : for descending order(decresing order)

if(a[ptr]>a[ptr+1])

temp=a[ptr];

a[ptr]=a[ptr+1];

a[ptr+1]=temp;

[Link]("Array elements are");

for( i=0; i<n ; i++)

[Link]("a[ "+i+" ] ="+a[i]);

Output:

run:

Enter n : 7

2023 31
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

Enter Array elements

Enter a[ 0 ] =2

Enter a[ 1 ] =4

Enter a[ 2 ] =5

Enter a[ 3 ] =7

Enter a[ 4 ] =2

Enter a[ 5 ] =3

Enter a[ 6 ] =4

Array elements are

a[ 0 ] =2

a[ 1 ] =4

a[ 2 ] =5

a[ 3 ] =7

a[ 4 ] =2

a[ 5 ] =3

a[ 6 ] =4

sort array using bubble sort method

Array elements are

a[ 0 ] =2

a[ 1 ] =2

a[ 2 ] =3

a[ 3 ] =4

a[ 4 ] =4

a[ 5 ] =5

a[ 6 ] =7

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 13 seconds)

2023 32
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] a program to input and display employees detail

Using single inheritance:

mployee_personal_info : eno, name , designation

emp_salary : basic_pay

Input:

package inheritance;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

class employee_personal_info

int empno;

String name;

String designation;

// constructor

public employee_personal_info()

empno = 101;

name = " patel s r";

designation = "manager";

//input_data()

public void input_data() throws IOException

2023 33
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link](" Enter Employee no : ");

empno = [Link]([Link]());

[Link](" Enter Employee name : ");

name = [Link]();

[Link](" Enter Employee Designation : ");

designation = [Link]();

return;

// display_data()

public void display_data()

[Link]("Employee no : "+empno);

[Link]("Employee name : "+name);

[Link]("Employee Designation : "+designation);

return;

} // end of base class

2023 34
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

//derived class

public class employee_salary extends employee_personal_info

int basic_pay;

// constructor

public employee_salary()

super();

basic_pay = 12000;

//input_data()

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

super.input_data();

[Link](" Enter Employee Basic Pay : ");

basic_pay = [Link]([Link]());

return;

// display_data()

public void display_data()

super.display_data();

[Link](" Employee Basic Pay : "+basic_pay);

return;

2023 35
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

// create object here

employee_salary gscv = new employee_salary();

gscv.input_data();

gscv.display_data();

return;

Output:

run:

Enter Employee no : 103

Enter Employee name : Mike WHeeler

Enter Employee Designation : JR>Developer

Enter Employee Basic Pay : 20000

Employee no : 103

Employee name : Mike WHeeler

Employee Designation : JR>Developer

Employee Basic Pay : 20000

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 38 seconds)

2023 36
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] a program to display student info and results using multilevel inheritance;

student_personal : rno , name

student_test : sub1,sub2,sub3

student_result : percent , result

student_personal --> student_test --> student_result

Input:

package inheritance;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

class student_personal

protected int rno;

protected String name;

// constructors

student_personal()

rno = 101;

name = "Patel D V ";

student_personal(int prno , String pname )

2023 37
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

rno = prno;

name = pname;

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link]("Enter Roll No :");

rno = [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter Name :");

name = [Link]();

return;

public void display_data()

[Link]("Roll No : "+rno);

[Link](" Name :"+ name);

return;

// student_test : sub1,sub2,sub3 derived class 1

2023 38
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

class student_test extends student_personal

protected int sub1 , sub2, sub3;

// constructor

public student_test()

super();

sub1 = 55;

sub2 = 66;

sub3 = 77;

public student_test(int prno, String pname, int psub1, int psub2, int psub3)

super(prno,pname);

sub1 = psub1;

sub2 = psub2;

sub3 = psub3;

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

super.input_data();

[Link]("Enter sub1 :");

sub1 = [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter sub2 :");

2023 39
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

sub2 = [Link]([Link]());

[Link]("Enter sub3 :");

sub3 = [Link]([Link]());

return;

public void display_data()

super.display_data();

[Link](" Sub1 = "+sub1 + " sub2 = "+ sub2+ " sub3 = "+sub3);

return;

// student_result : percent , result derived class 2

public class student_result extends student_test

// data members

float percent;

String result;

public student_result()

super();

public student_result(int prno,String pname, int psub1, int psub2, int psub3)

2023 40
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

super(prno,pname,psub1,psub2,psub3);

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

super.input_data();

return;

public void display_data()

super.display_data();

[Link](" Percentage = "+ percent);

[Link]("Result = "+ result);

return;

public void cal_result()

percent = ( sub1 + sub2 + sub3) / 3.0f;

if ( percent >= 70)

result = "Distinction";

else if ( percent >= 60 )

result = " First Class";

else if ( percent >= 50 )

result = " Second Class";

else if ( percent >= 35)

result = "Pass Class";

else

result = " Fail";

2023 41
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

return;

public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

// create object here

student_result ty = new student_result();

ty.input_data();

ty.cal_result();

ty.display_data();

return;

Output:

run:

Enter Roll No :02

Enter Name :Patel H M

Enter sub1 :40

Enter sub2 :41

Enter sub3 :48

Roll No : 2

Name :Patel H M

Sub1 = 40 sub2 = 41 sub3 = 48

Percentage = 43.0

Result = Pass Class

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 43 seconds)

2023 42
JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

19. Hierarchical Inheritance with Employees personal Detail Example.

general ( empno , name )--> non_tech ( design, extra_holiday )

general ( empno , name )--> tech ( department , salary )

Input:

package inheritance;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

// base class

class employee_general

protected int empno;

protected String name;

// constructor

public employee_general()

empno = 101;

name = " patel s r";

public employee_general(int pempno , String pname)

empno = pempno;

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

name = pname;

//input_data()

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link](" Enter Employee no : ");

empno = [Link]([Link]());

[Link](" Enter Employee name : ");

name = [Link]();

return;

// display_data()

public void display_data()

[Link]("Employee no : "+empno);

[Link]("Employee name : "+name);

return;

} // end of base class

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

// general ( empno , name )--> non_tech ( design, extra_holiday )

//derived class

class non_tech extends employee_general

private int extra_holiday;

private String design;

// constructor

public non_tech()

super();

extra_holiday = 5;

design = "Supervisor";

public non_tech(int pempno , String pname,int pextra_holiday , String pdesign )

super(pempno , pname);

extra_holiday = pextra_holiday;

design = pdesign;

//input_data()

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

super.input_data(); // base class input_data()

[Link](" Enter Employee extra holiday : ");

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

extra_holiday = [Link]([Link]());

[Link](" Enter Employee designation : ");

design = [Link]();

return;

// display_data()

public void display_data()

super.display_data(); // base class

[Link](" Employee extra holiday : "+ extra_holiday);

[Link](" Employee designation : "+ design);

return;

// general ( empno , name )--> tech ( department , salary )

//derived class

class tech extends employee_general

private int salary;

private String department;

// constructor

public tech()

super();

salary = 5000;

department = "civil";

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

public tech(int pempno , String pname,int psalary , String pdepartment )

super(pempno , pname);

salary = psalary;

department = pdepartment;

//input_data()

public void input_data() throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

super.input_data(); // base class input_data()

[Link](" Enter Employee salary : ");

salary = [Link]([Link]());

[Link](" Enter Employee department : ");

department = [Link]();

return;

// display_data()

public void display_data()

super.display_data(); // base class

[Link](" Employee salary : "+ salary);

[Link](" Employee department : "+ department);

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

return;

public class hierarchical_inheritance_sample2

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir=new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(ir);

// TODO code application logic here

non_tech iti = new non_tech();

tech iit = new tech();

iti.input_data();

iti.display_data();

iit.input_data();

iit.display_data();

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

Output:

run:

Enter Employee no : 22

Enter Employee name : Patel H M

Enter Employee extra holiday : 4

Enter Employee designation : clark

Employee no : 22

Employee name : Patel H M

Employee extra holiday : 4

Employee designation : clark

Enter Employee no : 70

Enter Employee name : Patel S R

Enter Employee salary : 25000

Enter Employee department : civil

Employee no : 70

Employee name : Patel S R

Employee salary : 25000

Employee department : civil

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 minute 31 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

20. make use of Abstract Class in java.

Input:

package abstract1;

import [Link];

/**

* @author YASH

abstract class one_d

int dim1;

public one_d()

dim1=10;

public void input_data()throws IOException

InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader([Link]);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(ir);

[Link]("Enter dim1 : ");

dim1=[Link]([Link]());

return;

public abstract void display_data();

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

public abstract void cal_area();

class mycircle extends one_d

float area;

public void display_data() {

[Link]("Radius = "+dim1);

[Link]("area = "+area);

public void cal_area() {

area = 3.14f * dim1 * dim1;

class mysquare extends one_d

float area;

public void display_data() {

[Link]("Length = "+dim1);

[Link]("area = "+area);

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

public void cal_area() {

area = dim1 * dim1;

public class onedsahape {

public static void main(String args[])throws IOException

mycircle c = new mycircle ();

mysquare s = new mysquare();

[Link]("Area Of circle:");

c.input_data();

c.cal_area();

c.display_data();

[Link]("Area Of Square:");

s.input_data();

s.cal_area();

s.display_data();

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

Output:

run:

Area Of circle:

Enter dim1 : 14

Radius = 14

area = 615.44006

Area Of Square:

Enter dim1 : 24

Length = 24

area = 576.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 29 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

21. make use of Interface in java

Input:

package myinterface;

/**

* @author YASH

// Interface

interface Animal {

public void animalSound(); // interface method

public void sleep(); // interface method

// "implements" the Animal interface

class Dog implements Animal {

public void animalSound() {

[Link]("The Dog says: wee wee");

public void sleep() {

[Link]("woof!Yaffle!yawp!");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog myD = new Dog(); // Create a dog object

[Link]();

Output:

run:

The Dog says: wee wee

woof!Yaffle!yawp!

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

22. make use of Package in java.

Input:

package student;

import [Link].*;

/**

* @author YASH

public class my_circle extends Mycircle

// default constructor

float area;

public my_circle()

super(); // call constructor

public void cal_area()

area = 3.14f * super.r * super.r; // member variable 3.14 * r * r

// method overriding

public void display_data()

[Link](" radious = "+ r);

[Link](" area = "+ area);

return;

public static void main(String argv[])

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

my_circle mc = new my_circle();

mc.cal_area();

mc.display_data();

Output:

run:

radious = 10

area = 314.0

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] use of data binding :

Input:

package data_binding; /**

* @author YASH

class Animal

void eat()

[Link]("Animal is eating");

return;

// derived class

public class Dog extends Animal

// overriding eat() method of base class

void eat()

[Link](" Dog is eating ");

return;

public static void main(String args[])

Animal d1 = new Dog();

[Link]();

Output:

run: Dog is eating

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

24. make use of Exception in java:

Input:

package myException;

/**

* @author YASH

import [Link];

class File_notFound_Demo {

public static void main(String args[]) {

try {

// Following file does not exist

File file = new File("E://[Link]");

FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

[Link]("File does not exist");

Output:

run:

File does not exist

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

25. make use of try….catch….finally in java.

Input:

import [Link].*;

public class TryCatchExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

try{

[Link]("Inside try block");

int a[] = new int[2];

[Link]("A[3]:"+a[3]);

catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){

[Link]("Exception thrown :"+e);

finally{

[Link]("finally block");

[Link]("out of the block");

Output:

run:

Inside try block

Exception thrown :[Link]: 3

finally block

out of the block

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

[Link] of type casting in java:

Input:

package casting;

/**

* @author YASH

public class casting1 {

public static void main(String[] args)

double d = 100.04;

long l = (long)d; //explicit type casting required

int i = (int)l; //explicit type casting required

[Link]("Double value "+d);

[Link]("Long value "+l);

[Link]("Int value "+i);

Output:

run:

Double value 100.04

Long value 100

Int value 100

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

27. make use of final keyword with class in java.

Input:

package casting;

/**

* @author YASH

class dog{

final void display(){

[Link]("Example of Final.");

final class tulip extends dog{

final String animal;

tulip(String str){

animal = str;

void getex(){

[Link]("This is "+animal+".");

class FinalExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

tulip t = new tulip("A Dog");

[Link]();

}}

Output:

run:

Example of Final.

This is A Dog.

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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JAVA PROGRAMMING- I

28. make use of finalize keyword in java.

Input:

package casting;

/**

* @author YASH

public class FinalizeExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable{

FinalizeExample obj = new FinalizeExample();

obj = null;

[Link]();

[Link]("Hello World");

protected void finalize(){

[Link]("finalize method called");

Output:

run:

Hello World

finalize method called

BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

2023 62

Common questions

Using `BufferedReader`, as shown in various examples, can lead to exceptions such as `IOException` due to potential input errors or reader failures. Missing or incorrect input handling could crash the program. This is remedied by implementing proper error-handling mechanisms with try-catch blocks to catch `IOException` and manage invalid inputs efficiently by prompting users for correct re-entry or logging errors .

The `animalSound` and `sleep` methods are interface methods specified in the `Animal` interface, which the `Dog` class implements. By using interfaces, `Dog` commits to providing specific implementations for these methods. This exemplifies the use of interfaces to define a contract that classes must follow, ensuring methods are implemented in a way unique to each class's behavior, thus promoting polymorphism and abstraction in Java .

Java handles exceptions like `ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException` using try-catch-finally blocks, providing a robust mechanism to manage errors. In the examples, the catch block captures specific exceptions, preventing the program from crashing, while the finally block executes code regardless of errors, ensuring resource closure or final actions . This structure aids in building fault-tolerant programs by cleanly separating error recovery logic from normal program flow.

Method overriding allows a subclass `Dog` to provide a specific implementation for the èat` method, originally defined in its superclass Ànimal`. This enables polymorphism, allowing a `Dog` object to invoke its unique èat` method despite being referenced generically as an Ànimal` . This ability to override base class methods is crucial for dynamic method dispatch, enabling runtime resolution of method calls to achieve behavior specific to the actual object type.

Constructors in Java, such as those in the `Mycircle` class, provide a structured way to initialize object attributes at the moment of object creation. Benefits include setting default values, as shown with the default constructor which assigns a default radius value, promoting encapsulation by controlling how objects of the class are initialized, and enhancing code clarity and maintenance, ensuring all `Mycircle` objects are valid when used .

Data binding in Java, illustrated by the `Dog` and Ànimal` classes, enables dynamic method invocation based on object type, allowing an overridden èat` method of `Dog` to run even when assigned to an Ànimal` reference . This enhances OO programming by facilitating polymorphism, allowing objects to behave according to their actual class while ensuring base class interface consistency. Thus, data binding provides flexibility and functional richness by separating interface definitions from implementations.

Abstract classes like `one_d` allow for partial implementation of methods that interfaces do not, such as defining the constructor logic and common methods but leaving others abstract for subclasses `mycircle` and `mysquare` to implement . Unlike interfaces, abstract classes can maintain state through fields, inherit specific base functionality, and provide concrete method implementations along with abstract ones, providing more flexibility in structuring shared code logic and behaviors that should be common across related classes.

In hierarchical inheritance, a single base class èmployee_general` is extended by two derived classes: `non_tech` and `tech`. This model allows `non_tech` and `tech` to inherit properties like èmpno` and `name`, but also to define additional attributes specific to each type, such as èxtra_holiday` for `non_tech` and `salary` for `tech` . This categorization is beneficial because it modularizes employee data according to job type, reducing redundancy and enhancing scalability, whereby specific attributes and methods can be added to each category without affecting others.

Multilevel inheritance in the student information and results example organizes code into a logical hierarchy that reflects a real-world scenario. Classes `student_personal`, `student_test`, and `student_result` build upon each other, where each class carries forward and can extend the functionalities and attributes of its superclass . This inheritance model allows for code reuse, avoiding redundancy, and providing clear separation of concerns, making the codebase easier to manage and extend when additional student attributes or functionalities are needed.

Encapsulation is maintained in classes like `employee_general`, `non_tech`, and `tech` by using access modifiers to restrict direct access to class fields and providing methods for data manipulation. For example, fields like `salary` or `extra_holiday` are private, enforcing access and modification via specific methods . Encapsulation is crucial for protecting object integrity, facilitating changes and scaling by confining changes to classes' internals without affecting their external interfaces, thus enhancing maintainability.

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