A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 1 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Electric vehicles are vehicles that are either partially or fully powered on electric
power. Electric cars are growing in popularity every day. It can be powered by a
collector system that uses electricity from outside the vehicle, or it can be self-
powered by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to
electricity using fuel cells or a generator).Electric vehicles have minimal operating
expenses since they have fewer moving parts to maintain, and they are also very eco-
friendly because they consume little or no fossil fuels (petrol or diesel). This vehicle
is envisioned as a replacement for today’s automobiles. It can be used to address
concerns such as pollution, global warming, natural resource depletion, and so on.
The electric car concept offers a clear cut solution to the environmental problems of
gasoline-powered automobiles.

This study is conducted to determine how people feel about electric automobiles. The
goal is to reduce vehicular pollution by switching to electric vehicles. The increasing
popularity and use of electric vehicles is supported by a number of advantages,
including:

(i) Savings:-Electric vehicles can be fuelled at extremely low prices, and many new
cars will provide excellent incentives for going green, such as money back from
the government. Electric vehicles might also help you save money in your daily
life.
(ii) More Convenient:-Recharging an electric vehicle is simple, and the greatest part is
that you won’t have to stop at a gas station to do it before hitting the road! An
electric vehicle might be charged using a standard household outlet.
(iii) Safe to drive:-Electric vehicles are subjected to the same fitness and testing
protocols as gasoline-powered vehicles. Electric cars are safer to drive because
they have a lower Centre of gravity, making them more stable on the road.
(iv)No emission:-The most significant benefit of an electric vehicle is its
environmental credentials. Electric automobiles are completely environmentally
beneficial because their engines are powered by electricity. Because it runs on a
clean energy source, it does not produce any toxic gases or smoke into the
environment. They are even better than hybridcars, because hybrids that run on

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 2 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

gas emit pollution. You’ll be helping to maintain a healthy and environmentally

friendly environment.
(v) Low maintenance:-Electric automobiles use electrically driven engines, which
eliminates the need for lubrication, everything linked to the combustion engine,
and a slew of other maintenance responsibilities that come with a gas [Link] a
result, the cost of maintaining these vehicles has decreased. You won’t have to
take it to the mechanic as frequently as you would with a regular gasoline-
powered vehicle.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.

The topic of the project is ‘a study on the attitude of customers towards electric
vehicles: with special reference to Nilambur Taluk. The study’s goal is to examine the
current state of electric car potential, as well as customer attitudes and preferences
regarding electric vehicles, particularly among young people. The research would also
aid in concentrating on the numerous elements that may have influenced the use of
electric vehicle.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To study the attitude of customers towards electric vehicles.

 To understand the experience of using electric vehicles.
 To determine the factors influencing the purchase and use of electric Vehicles.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study focuses on customers’ attitudes toward electric vehicles as well as projected
demand in the future. As a result, statistical study of people’s desire for electric
vehicles would be possible. The research would also aid in deducing the experiences
and perspectives of various electric vehicle customers.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

As environmental concerns, technology advancement, infrastructure development,

and policy support converge electric vehicles are set to become the mainstream mode
of transportation

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 3 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

1.6 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The study is conducted among youth aging between 18-30 which are mostly Students
to infer their attitude towards electric vehicles. Study is conducted through
distribution of questionnaires online and a total of 50 responses were collected.

1.6.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design followed here is descriptive in nature. A research design is tge

arrangements of conditions for collection and analysis of the data in manner that aims
combine relevance to the research purpose with economy procedure.

1.6.2 SAMPLING DESIGN

Stratified sampling technique is used to select the sample.

[Link] POPULATION

Customers in the area of Nilambur Taluk will firm the population for the study

[Link] SAMPLING UNIT

Each individual users of electric vehicles in the sampling unit

[Link] SAMPLE SIZE

The sample size is limited to 50.

[Link] SAMPLING METHOD

Convenience sampling was used to select the sample

1.6.3 SOURCE OF DATA

[Link] PRIMARY DATA

The primary data has been collected through random sampling, from the sample
respondents through the schedule with the help of the questionnaire which was
distributed online.

[Link] SECONDARY DATA

Secondary data has been collected from standard reference book and various websites.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 4 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

1.7 TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

Data collection tools refer to the devices/instruments used to collect data. The success
of any research depends solely on the data which drives it. In this study, data is
collected through well-structured questionnaire.

1.8 TOOLS USED FOR ANALYSIS &PRESENTATION

 Table
 Diagram
 Chart

1.9 AREA OF THE STUDY

A descriptive study was undertaken to study about the a study on the customer
attitude towards electric vehicles with special reference to Nilambur Taluk

1.10 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted during the period of 3 weeks

1.11 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 The study is conducted in a limited time

 It only studies about the customer ' s attitude towards smartphone.

 The data collected from the sample may not be completely appropriate

1.12 CHAPTERIZATION
 Chapter 1 – Introduction
 Chapter 2 – Review of literature
 Chapter 3 – Theoretical framework
 Chapter 4 – Data analysis and interpretation
 Chapter 5 – Findings, Suggestions & Conclusion

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 5 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 6 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

2.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A literature review is a written summary of major works and other materials on a

certain subject. Scholarly journal articles, books, government reports, Web sites, and
other sources may be used in the review. Each source is described, summarised, and
evaluated in the literature review. It is typically included as a separate portion of a
graduate thesis or dissertation.

1. The History of Alternative Fuels in Transportation: The Case of Electric and

Hybrid Cars: by Hoyer, 2008
Electric car technology has been around for over a century. Electric driving, on
the other hand, has been put on hold due to the availability and convenience of use
of combustion engines. Various (pushing and pulling) elements are currently
rekindling interest in electric automobiles. On the one hand, a limited supply of oil
and growing awareness of the environmental impact of traditional combustion
engine vehicles push people toward cleaner electric vehicles. In terms of pulling
power, recent advancements in battery technology and electric motors have made
the electric vehicle a viable competitor to traditional automobiles.(Hoyer,2008)
2. Driving an electric vehicle. A sociological analysis on pioneer users b: by M
Pierre, C Jemelin, N Louvet – Energy Efficiency, 2011
Similar incidents have occurred in the recent decades-long albeit more modest but
full of learning: in the 1990s, certain local governments sponsored innovations
based on electric vehicles, and some people picked this type of vehicle for their
everyday commutes. We seek to uncover the causes for this unique modal choice,
highlight the problems that electric vehicle drivers faced at the time, and analyse
the patterns of use that dictated their mobility and use of electric vehicles by
reporting research conducted in 2006 and 2008.(M Pierre,2011)
3. Potential Need for Electric Vehicles, Charging Station Infrastructure and its
Challenges for the Indian Market: by Praveen Kumar and Kalyan Dash,
Rather than making a massive adjustment, India can engage in small-scale
reinforcements to address load difficulties locally. Charging at home should be
promoted. Before constructing the large scale charging infrastructure, proper
planning of location, population, traffic density, and safety should be considered.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 7 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

It is critical to integrate efforts in the energy and transportation industries. Drivers

of electric cars are offered a financial consumer incentive, such as tax credits,
purchase subsidies, discounted tolls, free parking, and access to restricted highway
lanes, which will assist the market grow.(P. K. Dash, 2013)
4. Advances in consumer electric vehicle adoption: by Rezvani, Jansson, and Bodin,
2015 They provide an overview of EV adoption research, but they only focus on
individualspecific psychological aspects that influence people’s desire to embrace
electric vehicles, and they only choose a few typical studies. Our review adds to it
in two ways: first, we look at a broader variety of factors that influence electric car
adoption than just psychological dimensions; and second, we compile all
accessible academic Electric vehicle preference studies to give a comprehensive
picture of current research. (Bodin, 2015)
5. How individual values and attitude influence consumers’ purchase intention of
electric vehicles: by Afroz, R., Rahman, A., Masud, M. M., Akhtar, R., &Duasa,
J. B. (2015).
The major goal of this study is to see how ECNs and ICNs measure attitudes and
how they connect to environmentally responsible EV PIN. ICNs were found to be
negatively associated to green PIN in this investigation. This suggests that, given
their preferences, knowledge of alternatives, and financial constraints, people are
more likely to choose solutions that maximise utility . When they make the
decision to purchase a vehicle, they examine the vehicle’s fuel efficiency, fuel
consumption, and comfort within their limited budget. They may think about the
convenience of recycling or charging batteries for the EV. As a result, when car
makers construct their electric vehicles, they should take this conclusion into
account.
6. Factors influencing the behavioral intention towards full electric vehicles: by Lai,
I. K., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, W. (2015)
Electric vehicles have been around since before the turn of the century, and they
were popular until 1918. Because gasoline-powered internal combustion engine
vehicles continued to advance, they became too competitive, and full electric
vehicles were phased out of the transportation sector by 1933. Most major vehicle
manufacturers are already creating tiny full electric vehicles, usually for short-

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 8 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

range city driving, after a century of evolution. The perception of economic

benefits, that is, the long-term cost advantage of full electric vehicles over
gasoline-powered vehicles, would be the primary determinant of their
acceptability as mainstream transportation equipment. Long-term lifetime
expenses are important to consumers.
7. Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles: Which Technology for an Urban
Distribution Centre: by Philippe Lebeau, Cedric De Cauwer, Joeri Van Mierlo,
Cathy Macharis
The impact of freight transportation on urban migration is significant. The
possibility of integrating electric vehicles into urban logistical operations was
investigated by researchers. A fleet with a variety of technologies has the potential
to lower last-mile expenses. A fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with
time windows for EVs was provided by the researcher. The authors’ key
contribution was to take into account the unpredictability of the EV range. EVs
are often the most competitive technology in the small van segment. In the
segment of large vans, diesel has proven to be the most costeffective alternative,
as electric cars would need to travel a greater distance to be costcompetitive.
Hybrid vehicles are preferred in the truck category due to their lower operating
costs.(Philippe Lebeau, 2015)
8. Exploring Consumer Preferences towards Electric Vehicles: by Morton, C,
Anabel, J orcidand Nelson, JD (2016)
The diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is regarded as an important aspect of
government policy Which aims to generate a transition to a low-carbon mobility
system .In relation to EVs, studies which apply psychological theory comprise a
rapidly growing and already Substantial body of literature examining a variety of
emotional or non-conscious regulatory processes, but with only loose consensus
as to the factors emerging as most directly or even indirectly influential on
individual’s adoption intention or behavior. This study uses a conceptual
framework to investigate the impact of consumer innovation and attitudes on the
functional qualities of electric vehicles on reported preferences for these vehicles
(JD 2016)
9. Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: by, Eric Molin & Bert van Wee,

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 9 Department

of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

The widespread adoption of electric vehicles may help to alleviate issues such as
pollution, global warming, and oil reliance. EV penetration, on the other hand, is
comparatively low, despite governments’ aggressive promotion measures. They
offered a comprehensive assessment of studies on consumer preferences for
electric vehicles in order to inform policymakers and guide future research. They
compared consumer preference for electric vehicles from an economic and
psychological standpoint. Financial and technical characteristics of electric
vehicles, such as their purchase and running costs, driving range, charging
duration, vehicle performance, and brand variety on the market, are all proven to
have a substantial impact on their usefulness. The number of charging stations
available has a favourable impact on the utility and promotion of electric vehicles.
The impact of tax cuts and incentive measures. ( Fanchao Liao,2017)
10. International Council on Clean Transportation: LingzhiJin, Peter Slowik,
The early market for electric vehicles is still growing, but a number of obstacles
are preventing mainstream adoption. These challenges include the new
technology’s higher cost, its greater inconveniency in terms of range and charge
periods, and customer awareness of the technology’s availability and feasibility.
This final criterion, often known as “customer awareness,” is critical. (2017,
LingzhiJin)
11. Consumer attitudes towards electric vehicles: Effects of product user stereotypes
and self-image congruence. European Journal of Marketing: by Bennett, R.,
&Vijaygopal, R. (2018).
Based on the posited influences of a specific stereotype of EV owners possibly
held by people without experience with EVs, and the latter’s self-image
congruence regarding EV ownership, this research developed an integrated model
of potential determinants of consumer attitude toward electric vehicles. Both
product user SIC and stereotype negativity were proposed as determinants of both
product user SIC and stereotype negativity, as well as exerting direct impacts on
consumer attitude. The association between attitude and willingness to purchase,
as well as interrelationships among the variables, were investigated. Before and
after study participants played a game in which they took the position of an
electric vehicle driver, the model was estimated.(Vijayagopal,2018)

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 10

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

12. A Study of Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention of Electric vehicles:

Pretty Bhalla, InassSalamah Ali, Afroze Nazneen,
Environmental concerns, cost, comfort, trust, technology, societal acceptance, and
infrastructural availability all influence car selection. These arguments both
conventional cars and electric vehicles have been tested. They believe that these
elements have a direct impact on an individual’s vehicle choice. They discovered
that EV producers and governments must invest more in social acceptability of the
car by expanding infrastructure and emphasising technology to build trust.
According to the findings, the general public is fully aware of the environmental
benefits. The government and manufacturers share responsibility for investing in
car manufacturing. (2018, Pretty Bhalla)
13. Perception and Awareness Level of Potential Customers towards Electric Cars:
Masurali.A, Surya P,
In terms of carbon emissions, India is responsible for over 18% of them in the
transportation sector alone. One of the most viable alternative answers to the
issues is the electric vehicle (EV). Several automakers are introducing electric
vehicles and diversifying their product lines. Promoting electric vehicles (EVs)
can help reduce fuel reliance and pollution, which is good for both customers and
the country. People’s levels of awareness of EVs are substantially influenced by
their education. Apart from manufacturers, the government should make a
concerted effort to raise awareness and generate favourable perceptions among
potential buyers. Masurali.A (Masurali.A, 2018)
14. Study on Electric Vehicles in India Opportunities and Challenges: by Mohamed
M, G Tamil Arasan, and G Sivakumar
The replacement of internal combustion engines (ICE) with electric engines will
significantly reduce pollution while also providing a financial benefit to
consumers. Many countries have adopted this technology and are benefiting the
environment as a result. The study observed the advantages and disadvantages of
EV implementation in India. Government initiatives, batteries, industries, and the
environment have all been taken into account. Cost of electric vehicles, efficiency
of electric vehicles in India, and demand for electric vehicles were all taken into
account. In India, the usage of electric vehicles is largely intended to reduce

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 11

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

greenhouse gas emissions and oil costs. The government should make the most of
the opportunities offered and identify appropriate solutions to the issues. (2018,
Mohamed M)
15. Electric Vehicles in India: Market Analysis with Consumer Perspective, Policies
and Issues: Pritam K. Gujarathi, Varsha A. Shah, Makarand M. Lokhande,
The Indian scenario is unique in that the present market share of electric and plug-
in hybrid vehicles is under 0.1 percent. Almost all cars today rely on fossil fuels
for propulsion. These damage the atmosphere and contribute to global warming by
emitting greenhouse gases. The disparity between petroleum production and
demand in the United States is increasing. India imports almost 70% of the oil it
needs each year. As a result, there is a pressing need to look at the elements and
obstacles that could lead to more sustainable and cleaner alternatives. Pritam K.
Gujarathi (Pritam K. Gujarathi, 2018)
16. Opportunities and Scope for Electric Vehicles in India: by Janardan Prasad
Kesari, Yash Sharma, Chahat Goel,
Developing an aggressive plan for EV adoption in India and assuring a well-
executed implementation is a difficult task for the government, but it is critical.
India’s geography and diversity will bring challenges that would necessitate smart
answers. With the acquisition of four-wheeled cars for government offices, three-
wheeled vehicles, and buses for public transportation, public procurement is likely
to be a major driver of EV growth. The initial expansion of two- and four-wheeled
electric cars is likely to be boosted by investments from fleet operators such as
Ola and Uber, as well as operators of food distribution services. However, it may
take 5-6 years for private EVs to attain popularity and acceptance.(Janardan
Prasad Kesari, 2019)
17. Key factors influencing consumers’ purchase of electric vehicle : by Tu, J. C., &
Yang, C. (2019)
Customers must gradually accept and welcome the new trend because of the
crucial position that EVs play. Consumers, on the other hand, typically have a
cautious attitude toward innovative items due to a lack of necessary knowledge,
which means they will not buy them until these uncertainties are resolved.
Manufacturers should take appealing initiatives to suit consumer needs in order to

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 12

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

increase EV adoption in the future. Consumers believe that electric automobiles

are going to cut technology goods that operate and cost the same as traditional
vehicles. Consumers’ views about purchasing electric vehicles are positively
influenced by these ideas and factors. Personal innovativeness, on the other hand,
has a negative influence, indicating that when customers believe they have no
more understanding of electric vehicles than their peers, they will not prioritise
electric automobiles. (Yang, C,2019)
18. Perception towards electric vehicles and the impact on consumers’ preference: by
Ghasri, M., Ardeshiri, A., & Rashidi, T. (2019)
The degree to which a new technology is seen to be superior to an existing
technology that is being replaced has a big impact on people’s decisions about
when, how, and how much to adopt it. Studies on consumer preferences towards
EV can be divided into economic and psychological studies. Discrete choice
modelling is the most commonly used methodology in economic studies which is
supported by the theory of utility maximisation. The history of using electric
motors for propulsion in electric vehicles (EVs) started with the history of
batteries in early 18th century.
19. Electric Vehicles for India: Overview and Challenges: by Mr. A. Rakesh Kumar,
[Link],
Global pollution is increasing, and every attempt is being made to reduce CO2
emissions and rescue the planet. The introduction of electric vehicles is one such
initiative. Because transportation is one of the greatest CO2 emitters, it is critical
to cut emissions. The government has devised ambitious plans to bring electric
vehicles to the Indian market and keep up with global trends. An in-depth report
on EVs was included in the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020. India
faces a significant hurdle in transitioning from internal combustion engines to
electric vehicles. This will necessitate extensive planning as well as R&D. To deal
with range anxiety, charging infrastructure must be properly built. It’s critical to
establish a strong foundation.
20. Indian Electric Vehicles Storm in a teacup: Yogesh Aggarwal, Vivek Gedda and
Kushan Parikh,
Users of scooters who only need to travel short distances may want to consider an

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 13

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

EV, while those who need to travel longer distances and currently possess
motorcycles like the Hero Splendor may find switching to an e-2W challenging. It
is relatively straightforward to enhance the range of an automobile by increasing
the battery size. However, with electric 2Ws, every increase in kWh may provide
an additional 30km of range, but the weight gain is roughly the same. For electric
2Ws though, every increase in kWh may provide an extra 30km in range, but the
increase in weight is around 10kg, approximately a 10% increase in the total
weight of the bike. This weight issue is even more pronounced in smaller bikes
(less than 150cc). (Yogesh Aggarwal, 2019)

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 14

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

REFERENCE

1. Jankel, A., Morton, R., & Leach, R. (1984). Creative computer graphics.
Cambridge University Press.
2. Høyer, K. G. (2008). The history of alternative fuels in transportation: The case of
electric and hybrid cars. Utilities Policy, 16(2), 63-71.
3. Pierre, M., Jemelin, C., &Louvet, N. (2011). Driving an electric vehicle. A
sociological analysis on pioneer users. Energy Efficiency, 4(4), 511-522.
4. Pierre, M., Jemelin, C., &Louvet, N. (2011). Driving an electric vehicle. A
sociological analysis on pioneer users. Energy Efficiency, 4(4), 511-522.
5. Kumar, P., & Dash, K. (2013). Potential need for electric vehicles charging station
infrastructure and its challenges for the Indian market. Advance in Electronic and
Electric Engineering, 3(4), 471-476.
6. Afros, R., Rahman, A., Masud, M. M., Akhtar, R., & Duasa, J. B. (2015).
How individual values and attitude influence consumers’ purchase intention of
electric vehicles—Some insights from KualaLumpur, Malaysia. Environment and
Urbanization ASIA, 6(2), 193-211.
7. Lai, I. K., Liu, Y., Sun, X., Zhang, H., & Xu, W. (2015). Factors influencing
the behavioural intention towards full electric vehicles: An empirical study in
Macau.
8. Lebeau, P., De Cauwer, C., Van Mierlo, J., Macharis, C., Verbeke, W.,
&Coosemans, T. (2015). Conventional, hybrid, or electric vehicles: which
technology for an urban distribution centre?. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.
9. Morton, C, Anabel, J [Link]/0000-0002-4259-1641 and Nelson, JD (2016)
ISSN 22105395
10. Rezvani, Z., Jansson, J., &Bodin, J. (2015). Advances in consumer electric vehicle
adoption research: A review and research agenda. Transportation research part
D: transport and environment, 34, 122-136.
11. Liao, F., Molin, E., & van Wee, B. (2017). Consumer preferences for electric
vehicles: a literature review. Transport Reviews, 37(3), 252-275.
12. Bennett, R., & Vijaygopal, R. (2018). Consumer attitudes towards electric
vehicles: Effects of produce user stereotypes and self-image congruence.
European Journal of Marketing.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 15

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

13. Bhalla, P., Ali, I. S., & Nazneen, A. (2018). A study of consumer perception and
purchase intention of electric vehicles. European Journal of Scientific Research,
149(4), 362-368.
14. Mohamed, M., Tamil Arasan, G., & Sivakumar, G. (2018). Study on electric
vehicles in India opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Scientific
Research in Environmental Science and Toxicology.
15. Anifa, M. (2018). Perception and Awareness Level of Potential Customers
towards Electric Cars. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and
Engineering Technology, 6, 359-362.
16. Gujarathi, P. K., Shah, V. A., &Lokhande, M. M. (2018). Electric vehicles in
India: Market analysis with consumer perspective, policies and issues. Journal of
Green Engineering, 8(1), 17-36.
17. Ghasri, M., Ardeshiri, A., & Rashidi, T. (2019). Perception towards electric
vehicles and the impact on consumers’ preference. Transportation Research Part
D: Transport and Environment, 77, 271-291.
18. Tu, J. C., & Yang, C. (2019). Key factors influencing consumers’ purchase
of electric [Link], 11(14), 3863.
19. Kesari, J. P., Sharma, Y., & Goel, C. (2019). Opportunities and scope for electric
vehicles in India. SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 6, 1-8.
20. Tu, J. C., & Yang, C. (2019). Key factors influencing consumers’ purchase of
electric vehicles. Sustainability, 11(14), 3863.
21. Kumar, R., &Padmanaban, S. (2019). Electric vehicles for India: overview and
challenges. IEEE India Informatics, 14, 139.
22. Singh, V & Vaibhav, S. (2020). A review and simple meta-analysis of factors
influencing adoption of electric vehicles. Transportation Research Part D:
Transport and Environment, 86, [Link]://[Link]/10.1016/[Link].2020.102436
23. Jin, L., Delgado, O., Gadepalli, R., &Minjares, R. (2020). © 2020
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON CLEAN TRANSPORTATION.
24. Tupe, M. O., Kishore, S., &Johnvieira, A. (2020). Consumer perception of electric
vehicles in India. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(8),
2020.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 16

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

CHAPTER 3

THEORTICAL FRAMEWORK

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 17

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

3.1THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Understanding Electric vehicles

A vehicle that is powered by one or more electric motors or traction motors is known
as an electric vehicle (EV). An electric vehicle can be self-contained, with a battery,
solar panels, fuel cells, or an electric generator to convert gasoline to energy, or it can
be fueled by electricity from off-vehicle sources via a collector system. Road and rail
vehicles, surface and underwater watercraft, electric airplanes, and electric spacecraft
are all examples of electric vehicles.

Electric vehicles (EVs) originally appeared in the mid-19 th century, when electricity
was one of the favoured means for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a degree of
comfort and ease of operation that gasoline cars could not match. For nearly a
century, internal combustion engines were the primary propulsion system for cars and
trucks, while electric power remained prevalent in other vehicle types, such as trains
and smaller vehicles of all types.

History of Electric vehicles

 1800’s

Inventors in a number of nations have begun testing battery-powered automobiles. In

1832, Robert Anderson of the United Kingdom is credited with inventing the first
electric vehicle. Camille Jenatzy, a Belgian race car driver, breaks the 100 km/h
barrier in 1899 in the La Jamais Contente, an electric vehicle he designed. On
September 13, 1899, in New York, an electric cab was involved in the first reported
US motor vehicle death.

 1900’s-1960’s

EVs are targeted at women, with luxurious upholstery, flower bouquets, clocks, and
even beauty kits. They are said to be quieter, cleaner, and easier to run than gasoline-
powered vehicles. Henry Ford and Thomas Edison collaborate on a “affordable and
practical” electric car that can travel 100 miles. They do, however, abandon the
endeavour in the end. Ferdinand Porsche creates the P1, an electric automobile.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 18

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

The demand for Ford’s mass-produced Model T and other gasoline-fueled

automobiles is reducing the popularity of electric vehicles. National Union Electric
Corp converts 100 Renault Dauphine automobiles to operate on batteries in 1959.
Henney Kilowatts is the name given to the latest versions. In response to growing
worries about air pollution, several corporations begin developing prototype vehicles.

 1970-1990’s

The globe sees NASA’s electric Lunar Roving Vehicle bounce around on the moon in
1971 and 1972, giving battery power a promotional boost. Late in the decade, rising
gasoline prices prompted automakers and the US Department of Energy to investigate
alternate fuels, with GM constructing a prototype urban electric car in 1973 and
SebringVanguard releasing its CitiCar. However, a restricted range and performance
concerns prevent wider adoption.

Auto manufacturers are increasingly focusing on alternative-fuel vehicles as emission

regulations tighten. GM debuted the EV1 in 1997, producing over 1,000 of the sleek
twoseaters and leasing them to customers as part of a market study. The first mass-
produced hybrids are also available for purchase. Toyota’s Prius and Honda’s Insight,
as well as Nissan’s Altra EV minivan, are all electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion
batteries.

 2000’s-2010’s

The majority of the EV1s are destroyed by GM. Marc Tarpenning and Martin
Eberhard founded Tesla Motors in 2003. Elon Musk, a cofounder of PayPal, leads a
$7.5 million initial investment and is named chairman in 2004. Tesla produced
roadster sports car (the first production EV to use lithium-ion battery cells) in 2008.

Nissan’s Leaf has become the best-selling electric vehicle in the world. Tesla
continues to expand its product line. Musk reveals ambitions to develop an electric
semi-truck to compete with Daimler and BYD, a Chinese company financed by
Warren Buffett. China is the world’s largest EV market, because to its focus on
reducing smog and oil imports, which has prompted hundreds of local manufacturers
and startups to compete for market share.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 19

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

 The future

According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance, more than 230 battery-powered

automobiles will be available globally by 2021. SUVs and pickup trucks, such as
Audi’s e-tron and Jaguar’s I-Pace, will be among them. By 2024, electric vehicle sales
in the United States will surpass 1 million, up from 104,000 in 2017, and deliveries in
China will surpass 3 million. And to think that it all began with Robert Anderson’s
electric carriage in 1832.

Electric vehicle development in India

The United Kingdom (UK) recently announced that new petrol and diesel cars will no
longer be sold after 2030. In addition, as part of its green strategy, the United
Kingdom is working to provide the necessary infrastructure for electric vehicles
(EVs). Such a significant step could have ramifications for the global green
movement. The Indian government is likewise interested in replacing fossil-fuel-
powered automobiles with electric vehicles. In 2017, the government set a lofty goal
of having all cars be electric by 2030. However, the government was obliged to cut
the aim due to opposition from the car industry and fears of job losses. Will be
difficult to overhaul the mobility sector unless the government supports upfront
investment in EV infrastructure rather than shifting the buck to the automotive
industry and customers.

Advantages of electric vehicle

 Electric vehicles save energy:- The amount of energy from a fuel source that is
transformed into actual energy for driving a vehicle’s wheels is referred to as
energy efficiency. Compared to traditional gas-powered vehicles, AEVs are
significantly more efficient: AEV batteries convert 59 to 62 percent of their
energy into vehicle movement, compared to 17 to 21 percent for gas-powered
vehicles. This means that charging an AEV’s battery contributes more to actual
vehicle power than filling up at a gas station.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 20

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

 Electric cars reduce emissions :-Emission reduction, including reduced usage of

fuel, is another pro for all-electric vehicles. Because they rely on a rechargeable
battery, driving an electric car does not create any tailpipe emissions which are a
major source of pollution in the United States. In addition, the rechargeable
battery means much less money spent on fuel, which means all energy can be
sourced domestically.
 Electric vehicles are high-performance and low-maintenance vehicles:- Allelectric
vehicles are high-performance vehicles with quiet, smooth motors that require
less maintenance than internal combustion engines. The driving experience can
also be enjoyable because AEV motors are responsive and have good torque.
AEVs are generally newer than their gasoline-powered counterparts, and they are
frequently more digitally connected with charging stations, allowing for charging
control via an app.

India’s necessity for EV’s

India is in need of a transportation revolution

 The current trajectory of adding ever more cars running on expensive imported
fuel and cluttering up already overcrowded cities suffering from infrastructure
bottlenecks and intense air pollution is unfeasible.
 The transition to electric mobility is a promising global strategy for decarbonising
the transport sector.

India’s Support to EVs:

Need for Electric Vehicles: India is in need of a transportation revolution.

The current trajectory of loading already overcrowded cities with infrastructure

constraints and high levels of air pollution with ever more cars relying on expensive
imported fuel is unsustainable.

Electric mobility is a promising global method for reducing carbon emissions in

the transportation industry.

India’s Electric Vehicle Support: India is one of only a few countries to back the

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 21

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

global EV30@30 initiative, which aims for at least 30% new electric vehicle sales by
2030.

At the COP26 in Glasgow, India’s promotion of five factors for climate change
— “Panchamrit” — is a commitment to the same.

At the Glasgow summit, India proposed a number of initiatives, including using

renewable energy to meet 50% of India’s energy demands and cutting carbon
emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030 and achieving net zero by 2070.

The government of India has taken various measures to develop and promote the
EV ecosystem in the country such as:

The remodeled Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME II)
scheme

Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for Advanced Chemistry Cell (ACC) for
the supplier side

The recently launched PLI scheme for Auto and Automotive Components for
manufacturers of electric vehicles.

Major Players in EV Market

1. Tesla

Founded in 2003 and headquartered in California, US, Tesla is one of the leading
players in the electric vehicle market. Tesla creates high-performance completely
electric automobiles as well as energy generation and storage solutions, which it
designs, develops, manufactures, and sells. The business just released the Model 3,
which has quickly become one of the best-selling vehicles in the United States. The
company has demonstrated that it has the ability to produce highly creative
automobiles over time.

With the construction of a new production factory in Shanghai, China, the company
plans to establish a strong presence in the Asia Pacific region.

2. BMW

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 22

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

BMW, a multinational vehicle manufacturing corporation, was founded in 1916 and is

based in Munich, Germany. Automotive, financial services, motorcycles, and other
businesses are the company’s four business segments. The company sells cars and
SUVs in the automobile industry. BMW also sells electric vehicles such as the BMW
i3 and BMW i8, both of which are plug-in hybrids. The company intends to offer 25
electrified vehicles by 2025, with 12 of them being entirely electric.

3. Nissan Motors

Nissan Motor was formed in 1933 and is headquartered in Yokohama, Japan. Nissan
Motor Company is a global automaker known for its Nissan, Infiniti, and Datsun
brands. Its best-selling Nissan Leaf model has dominated the market for a long time,
selling over 200,000 units in 2016. Vehicles and vehicle parts, engines, manual
transmission, specifically equipped vehicles, industrial equipment engines, and so on
are all available from the company. For its customers, the company also makes
electric cars

(BEVs).Nissan introduced the Nissan Leaf Plus model in 2019 with better new
features such as a larger battery and a 160 kW electric motor, increased range (up to
363 km), and increased power (214 hp).

4. Volkswagen

Volkswagen is a well-known automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany,

that was founded in 1937. Volkswagen Passenger Cars, Audi, SEAT, KODA,
Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, Ducati, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles,
Scania, and MAN are among the company’s 12 brands. Sedans, minicars, SUVs,
premium cars, supercars, and commercial vehicles are all sold by the corporation. It
sells automobiles with various propulsion systems, including diesel, gasoline, and
electric vehicles. The e- Golf and e-Up are the company’s most popular electric
automobiles. Volkswagen announced pre-orders for the first model of its next full-
electric car, the ID.3, in Europe in May 2019. It quickly drew 15,000 registrations,
accounting for more than half of the total 30,000 pre-bookings. Volkswagen intends

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 23

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

to launch over 70 all-electric vehicles worldwide by 2028.

5. BYD GROUP

BYD is one of the few businesses that specialises in commercial electric car
manufacture. Its headquarters are in Guangdong, China, and it was founded in 1995.
Automobiles, handset and assembly services, and rechargeable battery and
photovoltaic are the company’s three main business segments. BYD is a company that
specialises in the design, manufacture, and assembly of a wide range of goods. China,
the United States, Europe, and India are among places where the company has a
presence. The organisation has placed a strong emphasis on partnerships and has built
them all over the world. For example, Nobina, Sweden’s and the Nordic region’s
largest bus operator, added another 20 e-buses to its growing order book from BYD in
2019.

Customer satisfaction

On this subject, numerous studies have been conducted. Customer satisfaction is

defined as a response to a specific issue that occurs at a certain time. Satisfaction can
be achieved in a variety of ways. Post-purchase satisfaction is most typically
measured. It’s a general assessment of the buy. It is described as an emotion
experienced through the acquisition and use of a product. In measure, there are
primarily two notions. Specific or cumulative effects are possible. According to a
specific method, contentment is a measure of a user’s experience when using a
product or receiving services. When making a satisfaction judgement, cumulative
measurement refers to how an individual analyses his or her earlier experience and
purchases with the company. The majority of the authors consider contentment to be
an emotional reaction. The intensity of an emotional reaction is determined by the
circumstances. Satisfaction elicits a wide range of emotions, from strong ones like
enthusiasm to milder ones like indifference or relief. It is the buyer’s cognitive state
that determines satisfaction in the case of cognition. Satisfaction can be a combination
of cognitive and emotional factors. This response is frequently focused on one’s
contentment, and the object is usually compared to some standard to arrive at a
satisfaction judgement.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 24

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

There is no customer who knows if satisfaction is an outcome or a process. In the

context of the outcome, satisfaction is defined as a reaction to an event. Satisfaction is
defined as an evaluative process from the process standpoint.

Consumer Perception

According to the Business Dictionary, consumer perception or customer perception is

a “Marketing concept that encompasses a customer's impression,
awareness, or consciousness about a company or its offerings.”

Customer perception is a “Process during which an individual acquires knowledge

about the environment and interprets the information according to his/her needs,
requirements and attitudes.” – as defined by F.G. Crane and T.K. Klarke (1994), G.D.
Harrell, G.L. Frazier (1998).

Customer perception is a process where a customer collects information about a

product and interprets the information to make a meaningful image about a particular
product. When a customer sees advertisements, promotions, customer reviews, social
media feedback, etc. relating to a product, they develop an impression about the
product. The entire process of customer perception starts when a consumer sees or
gets information about a particular product. This process continues until the consumer
starts to build an opinion about the product. Everything that a company does will
affect customer perception. The way the products are positioned in a retail store, the
colors and shapes in the logo, the advertisements, the discounts, everything impacts
the customer perception.

Factors influencing customer perception

In general, customer perception can be influence by a lot of factors. Some of the

major factors are

 Consistency of performance – How has the brand performed in the past and how it
is performing currently.
 Emotional connect – Superb brands know that emotional connection with the
customer is critical to brand development.
 Marketing communications – How the brand communicates with the customers

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 25

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

using the various media vehicles.

 Holistic marketing – A brand cannot be excellent if it has good sales staff but
pathetic support staff. A brand has to be a good all rounder and satisfy customers
from all its touch points.
 Personal experience – Personal experience is one of the most important
influencers that can easily have a direct impact on customer perception. Our
personal experiences matter most. When a customer experiences a good service or
purchases a great product, the quality of goods and services matter.
 Advertising – Promotional campaigns are an integral part of any organization. It
takes important steps to create advertisements that can change the perception
about a brand easily.
 Influencers – We all are surrounded by several influencers that have a direct and
indirect impact on your mindset. It can change customer perception at the drop of
a hat.
 Social media platforms – This is the age of technology where most people are on
one or the other social media portal browsing to their heart’s content. When you
read reviews or comments about particular products services of a brand, your
subconscious mind automatically takes a decision.

Four distinct stages of consumer perception Sensation

Sensation describes what happens when a person's senses are initially exposed to the
external stimulus of a product. Through sight, sound, smell, taste and texture the
sensory receptors of a consumer is engaged by product or brand cues. For example,
Starbucks engages all the senses in its sensory brand marketing. A customer who
enters a Starbucks coffee shop may hear the sounds and smell the aroma of the
grinding of fresh coffee in the store with background music and a unique store design
round out the experience of the taste of hot or cold coffee and food products that can
be enjoyed in-store at quaint cafe tables.

Attention

To the external stimulus from a product or brand in consumer information processing,

attention occurs when a person lingers and gives mental processing capacity.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 26

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

Selective perception is when a consumer pays attention to messages that are

consistent with her attitudes, beliefs and needs. The consumer will withdraw attention
when a product is inconsistent with these factors.

Consumer Perception

According to the Business Dictionary, consumer perception or customer perception is

a “Marketing concept that encompasses a customer's impression,
awareness, or consciousness about a company or its offerings.”Customer
perception is a “Process during which an individual acquires knowledge about the
environment and interprets the information according to his/her needs, requirements
and attitudes.” – as defined by F.G. Crane and T.K. Klarke (1994), G.D. Harrell, G.L.
Frazier (1998).

Customer perception is a process where a customer collects information about a

product and interprets the information to make a meaningful image about a particular
product. When a customer sees advertisements, promotions, customer reviews, social
media feedback, etc. relating to a product, they develop an impression about the
[Link] entire process of customer perception starts when a consumer sees or gets
information about a particular product. This process continues until the consumer
starts to build an opinion about the product. Everything that a company does will
affect customer perception. The way the products are positioned in a retail store, the
colours and shapes in the logo, the advertisements, the discounts, everything impacts
the customer perception.

Factors influencing customer perception

In general, customer perception can be influence by a lot of factors. Some of the

major factors are

 Consistency of performance – How has the brand performed in the past and how it
is performing currently.
 Emotional connect – Superb brands know that emotional connection with the
customer is critical to brand development.
 Marketing communications – How the brand communicates with the customers

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 27

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

using the various media vehicles.

 Holistic marketing – A brand cannot be excellent if it has good sales staff but
pathetic support staff. A brand has to be a good all rounder and satisfy customers
from all its touch points.
 Personal experience – Personal experience is one of the most important
influencers that can easily have a direct impact on customer perception. Our
personal experiences matter most. When a customer experiences a good service or
purchases a great product, the quality of goods and services matter.
 Advertising – Promotional campaigns are an integral part of any organization. It
takes important steps to create advertisements that can change the perception
about a brand easily.
 Influencers – We all are surrounded by several influencers that have a direct and
indirect impact on your mindset. It can change customer perception at the drop of
a hat.
 Social media platforms – This is the age of technology where most people are on
one or the other social media portal browsing to their heart’s content. When you
read reviews or comments about particular products services of a brand, your
subconscious mind automatically takes a decision.

Four distinct stages of consumer perception

Sensation

Sensation describes what happens when a person's senses are initially exposed to the
external stimulus of a product. Through sight, sound, smell, taste and texture the
sensory receptors of a consumer is engaged by product or brand cues. For example,
Starbucks engages all the senses in its sensory brand marketing. A customer who
enters a Starbucks coffee shop may hear the sounds and smell the aroma of the
grinding of fresh coffee in the store with background music and a unique store design
round out the experience of the taste of hot or cold coffee and food products that can
be enjoyed in-store at quaint cafe tables.

Attention

To the external stimulus from a product or brand in consumer information processing,

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 28

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

attention occurs when a person lingers and gives mental processing capacity.
Selective perception is when a consumer pays attention to messages that are
consistent with her attitudes, beliefs and needs. The consumer will withdraw attention
when a product is inconsistent with these factors.

Interpretation

From a product or brand marketing interpretation occurs when a person assigns a

meaning to the sensory stimulus. Comprehension is aided by expectations and
familiarity. To retrieve previous experiences with the brand or a similar brand a
consumer scans his memory. Stage when product packaging design contains logos,
colours and other elements that are similar to national brands that consumers are
generally more familiar with storebrand marketing frequently capitalizes on the
interpretation.

Retention

The conclusion of the consumer perception process is the retention stage and it
marked by the storage of product or brand information in short-term and long-term
memory. The information about the product or brand into long-term memory is the
marketer's goal to provide positive stimuli in the proceeding stages that translate into
consumers storing.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 29

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS & INTREPRETATION

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 30

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.1

GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

Gender No of respondents % of respondents

FEMALE 31 62%

MALE 19 38%

TOTAL 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.1

GENDER OF RESPONDENTS

38%

FEMALE
MALE

62%

INTERPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50respondents 38%of the respondents are male
62%of the respondents are female

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 31

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.2

AGE GROUP OF THE RESPONDENTS

Age groups No. of respondents % of respondents

18-21 32 64%

22-24 8 16%

24 and above 10 20%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.2

AGE GROUP OF RESPONDENTS

70%
64%
60%

50%

40%

30%
20%
20% 16%

10%

0%
18-21 22-24 24 and above

INTERPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 64%respondents belong to

18_21age category 16% respondents belong to 22_24 age category 20%respondents
belong to 24&above age category. 20% respondents belong to 24& above age
category.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 32

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.3

VEHICLE OF RESPONDENTS

Particulars No of Respondents % of respondents

Bike 8 16%

Scooter 17 34%

Car 11 22%

All of the above 14 28%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.3

VEHICLE OF RESPONDENTS

40%
35% 34%

30% 28%
25% 22%
20%
16%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Bike Scooter Car All of the above

INTERPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 16% of respondents have bike 34%
of respondents have scooter 22% of respondents have car 28%of respondents have all
of the above.28% of respondents have all of the above

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 33

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.4

FUEL USED IN VEHICLES

Particular No of respondents % of respondents

Petrol 22 44%

Diesel 18 36%

Charging(ev’s) 10 20%

Total 50 100

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.4

FUEL USED IN VEHICLES

50%
45% 44%

40%
36%
35%
30%
25%
20%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Petrol Diesel Charging(ev’s)

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 88%of respondents use petrol
vehicle 12%of respondents use diesel vechicle

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 34

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.5

AWARNESS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Heard(YES) 49 98%

Not Heard(NO) 1 2%

TOTAL 50 100%

(Source: primary data)

FIGURE 4.5

AWARNESS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES

2%

Heard(YES)
Not Heard(NO)

98%

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 48%of responds have heard about
electric vechicles 2%of respondents have not heard about electric vehicle

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 35

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.6

SOURCE OF AWARNESS ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Friends/family 16 32%

Newspaper 4 8%

Advertisement 10 20%

Social media 18 36%

others 2 4%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.6

SOURCE OF AWARNESS ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLES

40% 36%
35% 32%
30%
25% 20%
20%
15%
10% 8%
4%
5%
0%
Friends/family Newspaper Advertisement Social media others

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 32%of respondents heard from
friends and family 8% of respondents heard from Newspaper 20% of respondents
heard from advertisement 36% of respondents heard from social media 4% of
respondents heard from social media 4%of respondents heard from others. 4% of
respondents heard from others.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 36

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.7

PREFERENCE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

bike 3 6%

scooter 16 32%

car 31 62%

total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.7

PREFERENCE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES

70%
62%
60%

50%

40%
32%
30%

20%

10% 6%

0%
bike scooter car

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 62%of respondents prefer cars
32% of respondents perfet scooter 6%of respondents perfer bike

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 37

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.8

ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Positive 33 66%

Negative 0 0%

Neutral 17 34%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary Data)

FIGURE 4.8

ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES

70% 66%

60%

50%

40%
34%
30%

20%

10%
0%
0%
Positive Negative Neutral

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respobdents 66% of respondents have positive
attitude 0% of respondents have negative attitude 34% of respodents have neutral
attitude

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 38

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.9

ATTITUDE TOWARDS GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Strongly agree 20 40%

Agree 21 42%

Neutral 8 16%

Disagree 1 2%

Strongly disagree 0 0%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.9

ATTITUDE TOWARDS GOVERNMENT INCENTIVES

40% 42%
40%
30%
20% 16%
10%
2% 0%
0%
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 40%of respondents stongly agree
to this 42%of respondents agree to this 16% of respondents are neutral 2%of
respondents disagree to this. 2% of respondents disagree to this.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 39

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.10

INITIAL COST IS HIGH

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 29 58%

Neutral 18 36%

Disagree 3 6%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.10

INITIAL COST IS HIGH

70%

60% 58%

50%

40% 36%

30%

20%

10% 6%

0%
Agree Neutral Disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 58%of respondents agree to rt this
36% of respondents are neutral to this 6%of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 40

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.11

NUMBER OF CHARGING STATIONS ARE LESS

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 43 86%

Neutral 6 12%

Disagree 1 1%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.11

NUMBER OF CHARGING STATION ARE LESS

1%

12%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

86%

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from respondents 86% of respondents agree to this 12%
of respondents are neutral to this 2%of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 41

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.12

COST OF BATTE REPLACEMENT IS HIGH

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 33 66%

Neutral 16 32%

Disagree 1 2%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.12

COST OF BATTERY REPLACEMENT IS HIGH

70% 66%

60%

50%

40%
32%
30%

20%

10%
2%
0%
Agree Neutral Disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 66% of respondents agree to this
32%of respondents are neutral to this 2% of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 42

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.13

PRICE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IS HIGH

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 26 52%

Neutral 20 40%

Disagree 4 8%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.13

PRICE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES IS HIGH

60%
52%
50%

40%
40%

30%

20%

10% 8%

0%
Agree Neutral Disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 52% of respondents agree to it

40% of respondents agre neutral 8%of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 43

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.14

EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IS COMPARTIVELY LOW

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 37 74%

Neutral 12 24%

Disagree 1 2%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.14

EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES IS COMPARATIVELY LOW

2%

24%

Agree
Neutral
Disagree

74%

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 74%of respondents agree to it 24%
of respondents are neutral to it 2% of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 44

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.15

PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE HIGH

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 11 22%

Neutral 32 64%

Disagree 7 14%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.15

PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE HIGH

70%
64%
60%

50%

40%

30%
22%
20%
14%
10%

0%
Agree Neutral Disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 64%of respondents agree to this
22%of respondents are neutral to it. 14%of respondents disagree to this.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 45

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.16

ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE MORE ECO-FRIENDLY THAN PETROL AND

DIESEL VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 42 84%

Neutral 8 16%

Disagree 0 0%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.16

ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE MORE ECO-FRIENDLY THAN PETROL AND

DIESEL VEHICLES

90% 84%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 16%
10%
0%
0%
Agree Neutral Disagree
INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 84%of respondents agree to this
16% of respondents are neutral to this 0% of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 46

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.17

ELECTRIC VEHICLES WILL GAIN MORE POPULRITY IN FUTURE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

YES 44 88%

NO 1 2%

May be 5 10%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.17

ELECTRIC VEHICLES WILL GAIN MORE POPULARITY IN FUTURE

100%
90% 88%

80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
10%
2%
0%
YES NO May be

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 88% of despondents agree to this
10% of respondents are neutral to this •2%of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 47

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.18

ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS SHIFTING TO ELECTRIC

VEHICLES

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 9 18%

Neutral 29 58%

Disagree 12 24%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.18

ATTITUDE OF RESPONDENTS TOWARDS SHIFTING TO ELECTRIC

VEHICLES

70%

60% 58%

50%

40%

30%
24%
20% 18%

10%

0%
Agree Neutral Disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 58%of respondents agree to this
24% of respondents are neutral to this 18% of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 48

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.19

PLANNING TO BUY ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE FUTURE

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 24 48%

Neutral 23 46%

Disagree 3 6%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.19

PLANNING TO BUY ELECTRIC VEHICLES IN THE FUTURE

6%

Agree
48% Neutral
46% Disagree

INTREPRETATION

The primary data is collected from 50respondents 48%of respondents are neutral to
this 6%of respondents disagree to this

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 49

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

TABLE 4.20

ELECTRIC VEHICLES MORE CONVINIENT FOR SHORT TRIPS THAN

LONG TRIPS

Particulars No of respondents % of respondents

Agree 40 80%

Neutral 8 16%

Disagree 2 4%

Total 50 100%

(Source: Primary data)

FIGURE 4.20

ELECTRIC VEHICLES MORE CONVINIENT FOR SHORT TRIPS THAN

LONG TRIPS

90%
80%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 16%
10% 4%
0%
Agree Neutral Disagree

INTREPRETATION
The primary data is collected from 50 respondents 80%of respondents agree to this
statement 16% %of respondents are having a neutral opinion 4% of respondents
disagree to this statement

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 50

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS, SUGGESTION, CONCLUSION

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 51

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

FINDINGS

1. Most of the respondents use petrol as fuel for their vehicles.

2. Social media had a significant role in spreading information about electric
automobiles.
3. Electric vehicles are seen positively by respondents.
4. Majority of respondents have heard about electric vehicles.
5. Major respondents prefer car as EV model if any electrical model is available.
6. The majority of respondents believe that the government should provide
incentives to encourage people to adopt electric vehicles.
7. Around 90% of respondents agree that EV’S can reduce pollution to a certain
extent.
8. Majority are of the opinion that the initial cost for EV’S are bit high.
9. Respondents are satisfied with the environmental friendliness of electric vehicles.
10. The number of charging stations are less is a major problem for many
respondents.
11. Majority have a neutral opinion about the high performance of EV’s.
12. The majority of respondents are willing to spread the word about electric vehicles
to others.
13. Most of the respondents agrees that price of electric vehicles are high.
14. Majority agree that emission of green house effect are low.
15. Most of the respondents have neutral opinion about performance of electric
vehicles.
16. Majority agrees that electric vehicles will gain more popularity in future .

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 52

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

SUGGESTIONS

1. By increasing the number of charging stations, more people will be interested in

purchasing electric vehicles.
2. People should place a greater emphasis on electric vehicles in order to reduce
pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Companies should concentrate on informing the public about new car electric
modes.
4. Petrol prices are steadily rising. The problem of rising petrol prices can be
addressed with electric vehicles. The government’s promotion of electric vehicles
will aid the country’s future progress.
5. Incentives and subsidies should be provided by the government for the purchase
of electric vehicles.
6. Reduced tax rates can attract buyers to buy electric vehicles to a certain extent.
7. By lowering the initial cost of electric vehicles, there will be a growing market in
the near future.
8. Electric vehicle promotion also aids the government in saying goodbye to crude
oil and its high price.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 53

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

CONCLUSION

In India, there is a need for energy transition in automobiles due to the depletion of
fossil resources and the steady rise in fuel prices. The government has taken steps to
reduce pollution levels by promoting electric vehicles and providing purchasing
subsidies. The government has relaxed FDI rules in order to promote output. EVs are
being introduced in India by a number of new brands. Governments and
manufacturers should work together to construct the infrastructure and create a
favorable climate for electric vehicles. The respondents are aware of global climate
conditions and are ready to change their cost is an important factor while considering
the purchase of EV.

If sufficient infrastructure is available, respondents are willing to accept EVs as a

future buying option. The initial cost of purchasing, the limited number of charging
stations, and the time it takes to recharge the battery are all factors that limit consumer
confidence.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 54

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 55

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES

1. Electric vehicle industry in India(Oct 2019). Retrieved from:

[Link]
2. European Environment Information and Observation Network (Eionet). Retrieved
from:[Link]
3. The Evolution of the Automobile Industry in India, SYMBO. Retrieved
from:[Link]
automobileindustry-india/
4. [Link]. Retrieved from:
[Link]
5. Etymology of Car. Wikipedia. Retrieved from:
[Link]

NEWSPAPER

 The Hindu
 The Times New Roman
 The Economic Times
 The Indian Express

JOURNALS

 Janardan Prasad Kesari,Y.S.(2019). Opportunities and Scope for Electric Vehicles

in India. IJME Journal,8
 Philippe Lebeau ,C.D. (2015).Conventional, Hybrid, or Electric Vehicles; Which
Technology for an Urban distribution Centre? The Scientific World Journal,11.
 Pretty Bhalla,I.S.(2018).A Study of Consumer Perception and Purchase Intention
of Electric Vehicles, European Journal of Scientific Research,362- 368.

REFERENCE

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 56

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

Ahamd, A, pesaram, G. H. Kim & keyar, M. (2009) Integration issues of cells into
battery packs for plug - in and hybrid eletric vehicle, National renewable ebergy
laboratory, 1-10

Ahamn. M, 2006, Govt policy and the development of electric vehicles. Energy
policy, 34,433-443.

Ankit, K., Chaudhary, S. K., & Chethan, K.N. (2018) consumer viability of electric
vehicles in india. International journal of mechanical engineering and technology,
9(6)730-745

Theil, C, Alemanno, A., Scarcella, G., Zubaryeva, A., & Pasaoglu, G. (2012) attitude
of European car drivers towards electric vehicle : a survey. JRC report

Dixon. J.(2010), Energy storage for electric vehicles, IEEE International conference
on industrial technology.

Liu, H., Satoo, H., & Morikawa, T. (2015).Influences of environmental consciousness

and attitude's to transportation on electric vehicles purchase intentions. Asian
transport studies, 3(4), 430-446.

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 57

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

APPENDIX

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 58

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

QUESTIONNAIR

Dear sir/madam,

I AKSHAY ANIRUDHAN student in SVPK Arts and Science College, PALEMAD,

6th semester B Com. This questionnaire is for a purpose of doing a project on the " A
STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NILAMBUR TALUK". I request you to co-operate and
giving correct information for the questionnaire. The information given will not be
revealed, it will be strictly treated as confidential

1. Gender
Male Female Other
2. Age group
18-21 22-24 24 & above
3. Do you have any of the following vehicle
Bike Scooter Car All of the above
4. Which fuel do you use in your vehicle
Petrol Diesel Charging( ev’s)
5. Are you aware of electric vehicles
Yes No
6. From where did you heard about electric vehicles
Friends and family Newspaper
Advertisement Social media Others
7. Which model will you prefer the most if electric model is available
Bike Scooter Car
8. What sort of attitude do you have towards electric vehicles
Positive Negative Neutral
9. Attitude towards Government incentives
Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree
Strongly disagree
10. Initial cost is high
Agree Neutral Disagree

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 59

Department of Commerce
A STUDY ON CUSTOMER ATTITUDE TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES 2021-2024

11. Number of charging stations are less

Agree Neutral Disagree
12. Cost of battery replacement is high
Agree Neutral Disagree
13. Price of electric vehicles is high
Agree Neutral Disagree
14. Emission of greenhouses gases is compartivelylow
Agree Neutral Disagree
15. Performance of electric vehicles are high
Agree Neutral Disagree
16. Electric vehicles are more eco-friendly than petrol and diesel
Agree Neutral Disagree
17. Electric vehicles will gain more popularity in future
Agree Neutral Disagree
18. Attitude of respondents towards shifting to electric vehicles
Agree Neutral Disagree
19. Planning to buy electric vehicles in the future
Agree Neutral Disagree
20. Electric vehicles are more convenient for long trips than short trips.
Agree Neutral Disagree

SVPK Arts and Science College Palemad 60

Department of Commerce