Question 1

A 19.5 kN force is applied at point D of the cast-iron post, as shown in Figure 1. Knowing that the
post has a diameter of 60 mm, determine the principal planes, principal stresses and the maximum
shear stress at point H and point K. Also present these stresses on Mohr’s circle and on an element.

19.5 kN
300 mm

H K

100 mm A
125 mm

150 mm

Figure 1

1
Solution:

PH


P
PV

125
tan𝑎 = = 0.4167 , 𝑎 = 22.5°
300

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑃cos𝑎 = 19.5cos22.5° = 18.02 kN

𝑃𝐻 = 𝑃sin𝑎 = 19.5sin22.5° = 7.46 kN

Due to 𝑃𝑉 , beam AB is subjected to bending with 𝑀 = 𝑃𝑉 ∙ 0.15 = 18.02 × 0.15 = 2.7 kNm and
compression with 𝑃𝑉 = 18.02 kN

Due to 𝑃𝐻 , beam AB is subjected to torsion with 𝑇 = 𝑃𝐻 ∙ 0.15 = 7.46 × 0.15 = 1.12 kNm and
bending with constant shear force 𝑉 = 𝑃𝐻 = 7.46 kN and bending moment M varying along the
beam.

2
For point H

−200𝑃𝐻 ×(−30) 200×7460×30

Bending stress 𝜎𝑥1 = 𝜋×304
= 𝜋×304
= 70.39 MPa
4 4
−𝑃 18020
Axial stress 𝜎𝑥2 = 𝜋×30𝑉 2 = − 𝜋×302 = −6.38 MPa

150𝑃𝐻 ×30 150×7460×30

Torsion shear stress 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = − 𝜋×304
=− 𝜋×304
= −26.4 MPa
2 2

64.01 MPa

26.4 MPa

𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 1 2 64.01 1
𝜎1 = 2 =
+ √4 (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 + √4 × 64.012 + (−26.4)2 = 73.5 MPa
2 2

𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 1 2 64.01 1
𝜎2 = 2 =
− √4 (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 − √4 × 64.012 + (−26.4)2 = −9.49 MPa
2 2

𝜎1 −𝜎2 73.5−(−9.49)
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 41.5 MPa
2 2

2𝜏𝑥𝑦 −2×26.4
tan2𝜙 = 𝜎 = = −0.825 , 2𝜙 = −39.52°
𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 64.01

s

max= 41.5

(64.01, 26.4)

39.52
n
0
2= -9.49 1= 73.5

(0, -26.4)

3
 2 = -9.49 MPa

64.01 MPa
19.76
1 = 73.5 MPa
26.4 MPa

For point K
150𝑃𝑉 ×30 150×18020×30
Bending stress 𝜎𝑥1 = − 𝜋×304
=− 𝜋×304
= −127.53 MPa
4 4
𝑉 𝑃 18020
Axial stress 𝜎𝑥2 = − 𝜋×30 2 = − 𝜋×302 = −6.38 MPa

150𝑃𝐻 ×30 150×7460×30

Torsion shear stress 𝜏𝑥𝑦1 = − 𝜋×304
=− 𝜋×304
= −26.4 MPa
2 2

C z
y

dy

dA

𝑄′ = ∫ 𝑦𝑑𝐴
𝑅
= 2 ∫0 𝑦 √𝑅 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦

Let y = R sin  , dy = R cos   d

𝜋
𝑄′ = 2 ∫02 𝑅sin 𝛼√𝑅 2 − 𝑅 2 sin2 𝛼 ∙ 𝑅cosα ∙ 𝑑𝛼
𝜋
= 2𝑅 3 ∫02 sin 𝛼 ∙ cos2 α ∙ 𝑑𝛼
𝜋
2𝑅 3
=− ∙ cos3 α ⌈ 2
3
0

4
 2𝑅 3
= 3
2×303
7460×
3
Bending shear stress 𝜏𝑥𝑦2 = − 𝜋×304
= −3.52 MPa
×60
4

133.91 MPa

29.92 MPa

𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 1 2 −133.91 1
𝜎1 = 2 =
+ √4 (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 + √4 × (−133.91)2 + (−29.92)2 = 6.38 MPa
2 2

𝜎𝑥 +𝜎𝑦 1 2 = 2 −133.91 1
𝜎2 = − √ (𝜎𝑥 − 𝜎𝑦 ) + 𝜏𝑥𝑦 − √ × (−133.91)2 + (−29.92)2 = −140.3 MPa
2 4 2 4

𝜎1 −𝜎2 6.38−(−140.3)
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 73.34 MPa
2 2

2𝜏𝑥𝑦 −2×29.92
tan2𝜙 = 𝜎 = = 0.4469 , 2𝜙 = 24.07°
𝑥 −𝜎𝑦 −133.91

s

max= 73.34

(-133.91, 29.92)

n
24.07 0
2= -140.3 1= 6.38
(0, -29.92)

5
 2 = -140.3 MPa

133.91 MPa

29.92 MPa

12.04

1 = 6.38 MPa

Question 2

A couple M of 900 Nm is applied to a beam of the cross-section shown in Figure 2. Determine
the bending stresses at points A, B, D and E with the angle  changing from 0, 45 to 90.

Figure 2

6
Solution:

10

40
y

𝐼𝑦𝑧 = 45(−20) 10 × 30 + (−45)(−20) 10 × 30 + 25 × 20 × 10 × 30 + (−25) × 20 × 10 × 30 = 0

Since 𝐼𝑦𝑧 = 0, the axes y and z are the principal centroidal axes. Then v = y and w = z

10×1003 30×103 30×103

𝐼𝑦 = + 2[ + 30 × 10 × 452 ] + 2 [ + 30 × 10 × 252 ] = 2.43 × 106 mm4
12 12 12

100×103 10×303
𝐼𝑧 = + 4[ + 30 × 10 × 202 ] = 5.78 × 105 mm4
12 12

→
𝐌𝐰

→ →
𝐌 𝐌𝐯

7
𝐼𝑣 = 𝐼𝑦 = 2.43 × 106 mm4
𝐼𝑤 = 𝐼𝑧 = 5.78 × 105 mm4

𝑀𝑣 = 𝑀sin𝛽 = −900sin(−𝛽) = 900sin𝛽

𝑀𝑤 = 𝑀cos𝛽 = −900cos(−𝛽) = −900cos𝛽

Case 1:  = 0

𝑀𝑣 = 900sin𝛽 = 0
𝑀𝑤 = −900cos𝛽 = −900 Nm

𝑀𝑤 ∙𝑣 −900×103 ×(−35)
𝜎𝐴 = 𝜎𝐵 = − =− = −54.5 MPa (Compression)
𝐼𝑤 5.78×105
𝑀𝑤 ∙𝑣 −900×103 ×35
𝜎𝐷 = 𝜎𝐸 = − =− = 54.5 MPa (Tension)
𝐼𝑤 5.78×105

Case 2:  = 90

𝑀𝑣 = 900sin𝛽 = 900sin90° = 900 Nm

𝑀𝑤 = −900cos𝛽 = −900cos90° = 0

𝑀𝑣 ∙𝑤 900×103 ×(−50)
𝜎𝐴 = = = −18.52 MPa (Compression)
𝐼𝑣 2.43×106
𝑀𝑣 ∙𝑤 900×103 ×50
𝜎𝐵 = = = 18.52 MPa (Tension)
𝐼𝑣 2.43×106

𝑀𝑣 ∙𝑤 900×103 ×30
𝜎𝐷 = = = 11.11 MPa (Tension)
𝐼𝑣 2.43×106
𝑀𝑣 ∙𝑤 900×103 ×(−30)
𝜎𝐸 = = = −11.11 MPa (Compression)
𝐼𝑣 2.43×106

Case 3:  = 45

𝑀𝑣 = 900sin45° = 636.4 Nm

𝑀𝑤 = −900cos45° = −636.4 Nm
𝑀𝑣 ∙𝑤 𝑀𝑤 ∙𝑣
𝜎𝑥 = −
𝐼𝑣 𝐼𝑤

636.4×103 ×(−50) −636.4×103 ×(−35)

𝜎𝐴 = − = −51.64 MPa (Compression)
2.43×106 5.78×105
636.4×103 ×50 −636.4×103 ×(−35)
𝜎𝐵 = − = −25.44 MPa (Compression)
2.43×106 5.78×105

636.4×103 ×30 −636.4×103 ×35

𝜎𝐷 = − = 46.4 MPa (Tension)
2.43×106 5.78×105
636.4×103 ×(−30) −636.4×103 ×35
𝜎𝐸 = − = 30.68 MPa (Tension)
2.43×106 5.78×105

→
𝐌

8
 𝐼𝑤 5.78×105
tan𝜙 = ∙ tan𝛽 = 2.43×106 × tan(−45°) = −0.2379
𝐼𝑣

𝜙 = -13.4

10 Neutral axis
13.4
w=z

40
v=y