Science 7

Quarter 1

Strategic Intervention Material

ELIZA MARIE D. MENDOZA

Subject Teacher
Guide Card

Content Standard The learners learn the theories of atoms and its models through time.

Performance Standard By the end of the Quarter, learners recognize that scientists use models to
describe the particle model of matter. They use diagrams and illustrations to
explain the motion and arrangement of particles during changes of state. They
demonstrate an understanding of the role of solute and solvent in solutions
and the factors that affect solubility. They demonstrate skills to plan and
conduct a scientific investigation making accurate measurements and using
standard units.
Content Atomic Models Through Time

Most Essential Learning Describe the Particle Model of Matter as “All matter is made up of tiny
Competency particles with each pure substance having its own kind of particles.”

Learning Objective Explain the theory of atomic models.

Guide Card 2

Introduction
The concept of the atom dates back to ancient Greece, where philosophers like Democritus first proposed
that matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called "atomos." This early idea laid the groundwork for atomic
theory, though it remained largely philosophical until the 19th century.
Atomic theory is the scientific concept that matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms.
Originating from ancient Greek philosophers, it evolved significantly with contributions from scientists like John
Dalton, who proposed that atoms combine in specific ratios to form compounds. Later developments, including J.J.
Thomson's discovery of electrons and Niels Bohr's model of the atom, deepened our understanding, ultimately
shaping modern chemistry and physics.

Guide Card 3
ATOMIC MODEL ATOMIC THEORY
Early Ideas
 Democritus (c. 460–370 BCE): Proposed that everything is made up of
tiny, indivisible particles called "atomos." This idea was philosophical
and lacked experimental support.

John Dalton (1766–1844)

 Dalton revived the idea of atoms in the early 19th century, introducing
the first modern atomic theory:
o All matter is composed of atoms.
o Atoms of the same element are identical, while atoms of
different elements are different.
o Atoms cannot be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
o Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form
compounds.

J.J. Thomson (1856–1940)

 In 1897, Thomson discovered the electron through his experiments with
cathode rays, leading to the "plum pudding model." This model
suggested that atoms are made up of a positively charged "soup" with
negatively charged electrons scattered throughout.
 Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937)
 In 1911, Rutherford conducted the gold foil experiment, which revealed
that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by
mostly empty space. This led to the idea of the nuclear model of the
atom.

Niels Bohr (1885–1962) Planetary Model

 In 1913, Bohr developed a model where electrons orbit the nucleus in
specific energy levels or shells. This explained the emission spectra of
hydrogen and introduced the concept of quantized energy levels.

Quantum Model
 In the 1920s, scientists like Erwin Schrödinger and Werner Heisenberg
developed quantum mechanics, which provided a more accurate
description of atomic behavior. Instead of fixed orbits, electrons exist in
probability clouds or orbitals.

ENRICHMENT CARD 1

Matching Type Questions

Match the scientist with their contribution to atomic theory:

1. John Dalton a. Proposed the idea of indivisible particles called

2. J.J. Thomson "atomos."
3. Ernest Rutherford b. Discovered the electron and proposed the plum
4. Niels Bohr pudding model.
5. Democritus c. Developed the nuclear model of the atom.
d. Formulated the first modern atomic theory
based on experiments.
e. Introduced the concept of quantized energy
levels for electrons.

ACTIVITY CARD 1
 ACTIVITY CARD 2
Word Hunt: Atomic Theory
Instructions:

1. Below is a list of words related to Atomic Theory.

2. Your task is to find these words hidden in the word search grid.
3. After finding each word, write a brief definition or explanation for it.
Word List:
1. Atom 6. Orbit 11. Charge 16. Energy
2. Electron 7. Element 12. Bohr 17. Quantum
3. Proton 8. Isotope 13. Dalton 18. Theory
4. Neutron 9. Molecule 14. Rutherford
5. Nucleus 10. Mass 15. Model

ATOMPROTONEO NORBITELEMEN TQUANTUMDRGR

SNUCLEUSCQUI SISOTOPEBHYE JERMOLECULEY

ELECTRONYRLS PCHARGENUCLE KOENERGYPDAL

IDRUTHERFORD AMASSEOTMAOW

ACTIVITY CARD 3 Venn Diagram - Comparing Atomic Theories

Objective:
 To compare and contrast three key models of atomic theory using a Venn diagram.
 Understand the similarities and differences between Dalton’s, Thomson’s, and Bohr’s atomic models.
Instructions:
Create the Venn Diagram
1. Draw a Venn diagram with three overlapping circles labeled:
o Dalton (left circle)
o Thomson (right circle)
o Bohr (bottom circle)
2. Write unique characteristics of each atomic model in the non-overlapping parts of the circles.
3. In the overlapping sections, write similarities between the models.
4. In the center, where all three circles overlap, write similarities shared by all three models.
Discussion Questions:
1. What are the main differences between Dalton’s, Thomson’s, and Bohr’s atomic models?
2. How did each scientist’s discovery build upon or improve the previous model?
3. Why do scientific models of the atom change over time?

ACTIVITY CARD 4 Mapping Atomic Theory

Objective:
 Students will create a concept map that visually organizes key ideas
related to atomic theory.
Instruction:
Create a concept map showing connections between various components of
atomic theory.
 ACTIVITY CARD 5 Atomic Theory Riddle Quest

Objective:
 Students will use critical thinking to solve riddles that help them understand the history and structure of
atomic theory.
Riddles:
Riddle 1: The Ancient Idea
o "I was the first to suggest that all matter is made of tiny, indivisible parts. Though my idea was
ignored for centuries, I planted the seed of modern atomic theory. Who am I?"
Riddle 2: The First Model
 "I thought atoms were like solid spheres, indestructible and small. My model was simple, but it made sense
for a while. Who am I?"
Riddle 3: The Plum Pudding Mystery
 "I discovered the electron and said it floated in a sea, like plums in a pudding – that’s what made sense to me.
What model am I?"
Riddle 4: The Gold Foil Experiment
 "I aimed particles at gold, expecting them to pass straight through. But some bounced back, revealing the
center of the atom is small and true. Who am I?"
Riddle 5: Orbits Around
 "Electrons don’t fly randomly, but in paths they stay. They circle the nucleus in energy levels, that’s what I
had to say. Who am I?"
Riddle 6: Positive Part
 "I live in the nucleus and have a positive charge. I’m not as big as a neutron, but not too large. What am I?"
Riddle 7: No Charge, No Problem
 "I’m neutral in charge, found in the atom’s core. My discovery came last, but now I’m part of the nuclear lore.
What am I?"
Riddle 8: A Bit Negative
 "I zip around the nucleus,negative charge I bring. I’m so light you’ll barely notice me, but I’m a critical thing.
What am I?"

Label the parts of the atom.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Who first proposed that matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles called "atomos"?
a) Aristotle c) Democritus
b) John Dalton d) J.J. Thomson
[Link] scientist is known for proposing the first scientific atomic theory in the early 1800s?
a) Ernest Rutherford c) Niels Bohr
b) John Dalton d) James Chadwick
[Link] discovery by J.J. Thomson challenged the idea that atoms were indivisible?
a) Proton c) Electron
b) Nucleus d) Neutron

[Link] model of the atom did J.J. Thomson propose?

a) Solid Sphere Model c) Nuclear Model
b) Plum Pudding Model d) Quantum Model
[Link] experiment led to the discovery of the nucleus in an atom?
a) Oil Drop Experiment c) Gold Foil Experiment
b) Cathode Ray Experiment d) Double-Slit Experiment

6. What did Ernest Rutherford discover about the structure of the atom?
a) Atoms are indivisible c) Atoms have a dense nucleus at the center
b) Atoms have electrons embedded in them d) Electrons exist in orbitals

7. Who proposed that electrons move in fixed energy levels or orbits around the nucleus?
a) James Chadwick c) Niels Bohr
b) John Dalton d) J.J. Thomson

8. What particle did James Chadwick discover in the atom?

a) Proton c) Electron
b) Neutron d) Quark
9. Which of the following is NOT a part of an atom’s nucleus?
a) Proton c) Electron
b) Neutron d) Both a and b
10. In modern atomic theory, what term is used to describe the area where electrons are likely to be found?
a) Energy Levels c) Nucleus
b) Electron Clouds d) Proton Shells

Define the following terms.