Chapter 2 Rational numbers

2.1 Th.e meaning of rational numbers

Learning objective
Understand the meaning of rational numbers and compare them

~~ A. Multiple choice questions

In the following four places, the lowest one is ( ).
A. 80 metres above sea level B. - 20 metres above sea level
C. -80 metres above sea level D. 20 metres below sea level

4 · · 11
2 In the numbers 15, -7. 35, 0,
5 , 0. 303, 7 and 0.101 0010001. .. , there are

( ) rational numbers.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

C, Among the following statements, the incorrect one is ( ).

A. Rational numbers can be classified into two groups: positive numbers and
negative numbers .
B. Rational numbers can be classified into two groups: integers and fractions.
C. All terminating decimals and recurring decimals are rational numbers.
D. A rational number is any number that can be written as a ratio of two integers.

~
~- B. Fill in the blanks
4 If a rotation of 100° anticlockwise is recorded as - 100°, then a rotation of 90°
clockwise can be recorded as

C, The least non-negative number 1s - - - - the greatest negative integer is

6 Negative integers that are not less than -3 are ------

40
 Rational numbers

0 Write two numbers satisfying the conditions: positive numbers but not integers.
The numbers are - - - - - -

8 According to available data, the highest temperature recorded in the London area
was 38.1°C in August, 2003 and the lowest temperature was - 16. re in January,
196£. The difference between the two extremes is ____ ·c.

0 Rewrite the following statements using positive integers. The first one has been
done for you.
Using negative numbers Using positive numbers
Walk -20 metres west. Walk 20 metres east.
Make a profit of - £78.
The temperature rose by - s·c .
The cost of a product reduced by -20%.

C. Questions that require solutions

10 Fill in the circles with suitable numbers given below.

12 - 1 0.25 0 ! 80% - 0.4

Integers Non-negative rational numbers Fractions

G, If a is an integer and - 2 ~ a < 1} , find all the possible values of a.

• •
Rational numbers

12 The normal water level of a river is 22 m. A hydrometric station measured the

water levels for 7 consecutive days and recorded the differences from the normal
level as follows:
+l.5m, -1.0m, Om, - 0.8m, +2.2m, +[Link], +1.2m.
What was the average water level of the river on these 7 days?

In the diagram below, the numbers in the two ovals represent the sets of integers
and non-negative numbers, respectively.
(a) Write three rational numbers in each of part A, part B and part C.
(b) Can you tell what types of numbers A, Band C represent, respectively?

B :- - - - A: - - -

Integers Non-negative numbers

42
 2.2 Number lines

,~ Learning objective
Understand and use number lines to represent numbers and solve related problems

A. Multiple choice questions

For any number a, - a must be ( ) .
A. a positive number B. a negative number
C. a non-negative number D. none of the above are correct

2 On a number line, if a and b are on the different sides of origin O but have the
same distance from O, and a -#- 0, b-#- 0, then ( ) is not necessarily true.

A. a+b = 0 B.a-b > O C. aXb < O D. : =- 1

C, If O< a < l,
then the relationship among a, - a and l_ is ( ).
a
1 1 1 1
A. -a > a > - B. a > - > -a C. - >- a > a D. - > a > -a
a a a a

~•. ~
.~ B. Fill in the blanks
4 A number line is a straight line that has its - -- - - - -- - - - - and

If a = -a, then a is - - -

6 If a number has the same distance from origin Oas a - b but lies on the different
side of origin 0, then the number is ---

If - a is O. 2, then the reciprocal of a is - - -

8 There are _ _ _ integers whose distances to the origin are less than ~.

• • •• •
Rational numbers

0 Given that point A represents 1on the number line and point B represents - 1,
then point A is on the ____ side of point Band the distance from point A to
point B is - - - units.

C. Questions that require solutions

10 What numbers are represented by points A, B and Con the number line below?

C B A
-2 - I 0 2 3

A, B: C: - - - -
--- ----

0, Show the points on the number line.

point A : The least positive integer

point B : The number which adds to ! is 0

point C : The number whose reciprocal is - O. 6

point D : The point that will coincide with point B after moving 3 units to the left

-5 -4 -3 -2 - 1 0 2 3 4 5

12 Given that the sum of 3x and 2(x- 1) is O, find the value of x .

44
 Rational numbers

41) Given that point A represents - 2 on a number line, point A coincides with point
B after moving 4 units to the right on the number line, and the distance from
point C to point A is 3 times the distance from point C to point B, find the number
that point C represents.

14 The numbers points A, Band C represent on the number line are 0, - 1 and x ,
respectively. The distance between point C and point A is greater than the
distance between point C and point B. Find the range of the value of x .

• • •• ••
 2.3 Addition of rational numbers (1)

Learning objective
Add rational numbers including both positive and negative numbers

A. Multiple choice questions

0 If the sum of two numbers is negative, then these two numbers ( ).
A. must be both positive numbers
B. must be both negative numbers
C. must have opposite signs Ci. e. , one is positive and the other is negative)
D. must contain at least one negative number

2 If a+ b = 0, then the correct statement of the following is ( ).

A. a and b are reciprocals to each other
B. a and b are equal
C. both a and bare 0
D. a and - b are equal

C) The following statement that is incorrect is ( ).

A. The sum of a negative rational number a and a negative number is always less
than a.
B. The sum of a negative rational number a and a positive number 1s always
greater than a .
C. The sum of a negative rational number a and a positive number may be
negative.
D. The sum of a negative rational number a and a negative number may be positive.

46
 Rational numbers

~
~- B. Fill in tne blanRS
4 If a > 0, b > 0, then the sign of their sum is _ __
If a < 0, b < 0, then the sign of their sum is - - -
If a > 0, b < 0, then:
( i) the sign of their sum is when a>- b (for example,
---
2+ ( - 1. 5) is
)
---

( ii) the sign of their sum is ---

when a <- b ( for example, 2+ (- 2. 5) is
).
---

If a <0, b > 0, then:

(iii) the sign of their sum is ----
when b >- a ( for example, - 3 + 4 is
)
- --

(iv) the sign of their sum is - - - - when b <- a (for example, - 3 + 2 is

).
---

5+ ( ) =- 3, -3 + C ) =- 5.

6 Calculate: (- 1 ~ ) + (- 2 ~ )= __

Calculate: (- 1 ~) +2 ~ = _ __

,8 Calculate: 1 ~ + (- 2 ~ ) = _ __

• Without calculation, write the sign of the sum in each blank.

(a) (- 5) + (- 7251): - - Cb) (-0.0l)+0: ---

(c) (+s !)+(-9 ~): _ _ Cd) 7 + (- 6): - - -

10 The opening price of a stock was £12. 50 . It rose by 4% in the morning and
£0. 40 in the afternoon. The closing price of the stock for the day was £- - -

•
Rational numbers

C. Questions that require solutions

The difference of a number and - ~ is equal to the sum of - ~ and - 2 }0 . Find

the number.

•12 A road maintenance team inspected a road from a road station along the east-west
direction. Assuming that the eastbound direction is positive and the westbound
direction is negative, the team's travel records of the day were as follows (unit:
km):

1st time 2nd time 3n1 time 4 th time 5 th time 6th time 7 th time

- 4 +7 - 9 +s +6 - 5 - 2

(a) How far was the team away from the road station when their work was
completed on the day? In which direction of the road station was the team?
(b) At the ____ time, the team was the farthest away from the road station.
(c) If the fuel consumption was O. 2 litres per km, what was the total amount of
fuel consumption on the day?

~ Find the pattern and fill in the numbers. Then answer the questions.
-1.2, - 1, - 0.8, - 0.6, - -- - , ...
(a) What is the 16 th number?
(b) What is the sum of the first 16 numbers?

48
 2.4 Addition of rational numbers (2)

.~~ Learning objective

Add rational numbers including both positive and negative numbers

~ A. Multiple choice questions

8 The result of C+ 6) + (- 3) + C+ 7) + (- 5) is ( ).
A - 7 B. -5 C. 5 D. -3

2 Based on the diagram below, the following conclusion that is incorrect is ( ).

a b Oc d

A.a+b<0 B.c +d>0 D. c+a < 0

The sum of all integers that are greater than -3 but less than 5 is ( ).
A 7 B. -7 C. 0 D. 5

~ B. Fill in the blanks

~

4 Calculate: C+ 16) + (-12) + (- 4) = ---

Calculate: (- 8 ~ ) + (- 3 ~ ) + 6 ~ = _ _

6 Calculate: 4. 7 + (- 6) + (- 7. 5) = - --

Calculate: 3. 25 + (-100) + (- 3 ~) = _ __

8 Calculate: 1 ~ + (-1 ~) + (- ~) + 0. 25 = _ __

• • • •
Rational numbers

C. Questlons that requlre solutlons

10 Calculate: (- 8. S)+(- 10 ~)+(+ ~).

Calculate: 3 ! + (- 2 ~ )+ 5 1+ (- 8 ; ).

12 Calculate: - 2. 4 + 3 ~ + (- 1 ~ ) + (- 1. 6).

i$ There are 12 numbers on a clock face. The sum of the 12 numbers can be O by
adding negative signs before some of the numbers, for example:
( - 1) + 2 + (- 3) + 4 + (- 5) + 6 + 7 + (- 8) + 9 + (-10) + 11 + (-12) = 0.
(a) Write another equation using negative signs to make the sum of the 12 numbers 0.
(b) Think carefully. What is the minimum number of negative signs that should
be added to make the sum 0?

50
 2.5 Subtraction of rational numbers

,filZJig Learning objective

ii
Subtract rational numbers including both positive and negative numbers

A. Multiple choice questions

The following calculation that is equal to 3 - 7 ~ is ( ).

2 The following statement that is correct is ( ).

A. The sum of two rational numbers
must be greater than one of the
addends.
Note: If a +b = c , both a and b
are called addends.
B. The sum of two rational numbers
If a - b = c , a is called the minuend
may be less than both of the addends.
and b is called the subtrahend.
C. The difference of two rational
numbers must be less than the minuend.
D. The difference of a greater number minus a smaller number may be negative.

8 The sum of a number and (- 3 ~) is -0 . 36, then the number is ( ).

A. - 2. 24 B. -3. 96 C. 3.24 D. 3. 96

~ B. Fill in the blanks

~

4 Calculate.
(a) 10 - (- 10) = ---
(b)0-(-5) =
---
(c) 0. 9-(-0. 9) = ---
(d) - 66- 66 = ---

(e) 8. 9 - (+8. 9) = ---

(f) 24 - ( + 12) = ---

C, The difference of - ~ and ~ is _ __

Rational numbers

6 At the same time of day, the indoor temperature 1s 12. 5°C and the outdoor
temperature is - 4°C. The outdoor temperature is - - - - °C lower than the
indoor temperature.

f) Calculate: - 2 ~ - (- 3 !)= ___

8 If the sum of a number and the difference of 3 and 5 ~ is O, then the number is

• Calculate: (- l )- (- ~ )- (+ ~ ) = _ _
C. Questlons that requlre solutlons

10 Calculate: 0. 32+ (- 3 ~ )- (- ~~)-1 !-

Calculate: 13 ~ - (-1 ) + ~ - (-i72 ).

G) If the sum of 3 ~ and the difference of a number and - O. 4 is O, find the number.

52
 2.6 Multiplication of rational numbers (1)

~ Learnlng objectlve
Multiply rational numbers including both positive and negative numbers

.~~ A. Multlple cholce questlons

0 If the sum of two rational numbers is negative and their product is positive, then
it is true that ( ).
A. one of them is positive and the other is negative
B. one of them is positive and the other is negative or zero
C. both are positive
D. both are negative

2 If 17 a+ 23b = 0, then ab must be a ( ).

A. positive number B. non-positive number
C. negative number D. non-negative number

C) Among the following statements, ( ) is correct.

1 2 1
A. - 1 2 X 3 = - 13

B. (- ~)x(-~) x (-~) = 1
C. If the product of any number and - 1 is added to the number itself, the result
is 0.
D. The product of several numbers with the same sign is a non-negative number.

~
~- B. Flll ln the blanks
4 If the product of three rational numbers is a positive number, there is/ are at least
---
positive number(s) among the three.

1
C, Calculate: - 54 X 2
6 = _ __

• 0 •
•
Rational numbers

6 Calculate,
·
(-..i
12
)x (-_§_
15
)= - - -

Calculate: (- 5 ) X 13 X (-2) = _ __
13 10

8 The product of all integers that are greater than - 3 but less than 4 ~ is _ __

Without solving the equations, say whether xis positive or negative. Fill in each
bracket with +
or - .
(a) 3x =-5 ( ) (b) (-2) X (-3)x = 10 ( )

(c) -
5 X ll x = - 0. 6 ( ) (d) 4 X (- 3+x) = 1 ( )
4 7

C. Questions that require solutions

4D Calculate: (- 3) X (- 0. 5) X (- 3 ~ ).

12 Calculate: (- 4) X ( + ~ ) X (- 1 ~ ) X (- 2 !).

G) Choose three numbers from 0. 2, - ~ , - 24 and 4, and find the greatest product
of the three numbers. What is the least product of the three numbers?

54
 2. 7 Multiplication of rational numbers (2)

-~\J
u
Learning objective
Multiply rational numbers including both positive and negative numbers

~~ A. Multiple choice questions

Given that the sign of the product of 4 rational numbers is negative, there are
( ) positive numbers among the 4 numbers.
A. 1 or 3 B. 1 or 2 C. 2 or 4 D. 3 or 4

2 If - 6 X n X m, is negative and n is positive, the correct statement of the following

is ( ).
A. m >0 B. ni ?::, 0 C. m <O D. m <0
The correct statement of the following is ( ).
A. When multiplying several rational numbers, if the number of factors is an odd
number, then the product is negative.
B. When multiplying several rational numbers, if the number of negative factors
is an odd number, then the product is negative.
C. When multiplying several rational numbers, if the number of negative factors
is an even number, then the product is positive.
D. When multiplying several rational numbers, if the product is negative, then
the number of negative factors is an odd number.

~ B. Fill in the blanks

~

4 Calculate: (
9
10
- i15 ) X 30 = _ __
Calculate : ( - 21) X ( 1 + 1_3 - 21 ) = - - -
_l

6 Calculate: ( - ~ ) X 15 X (- 1 ~ )= _ _ _

" .
Rational numbers

8 Fill in the blanks with > , < or = .

(a) (- 3) X (-5 ) X (- 7) X (- 9) O
---
(b) (+3. 86) X (+2. 9) X (-7. 98) 0
(c) 831 X (-123) X (- 239) XO - - - 0

8 Fill in the blanks with the laws of operations in mathematics that apply to the
calculations below .
(a) 9. 89 X (- 2. 5) X 4 = 9. 89 X [(-2. 5) X 4]
(b) 5 _§_ X (- 8) = 5 X (- 8) +_§_ X (- 8)
6 6

C. Questlons that requlre solutlons

C) Calculate: (- 0. 125) X 15 X (- 8) X (- i ).

10 Calculate: (- 5. 35) X (- 3) + 5. 35 X (- 7) + 5. 35 X 4.

0, Calculate: ( 152 - 2 ~ - 1. 75) X (- 24).

12 Calculate: 125 X (-9 ~i).

56
 Rational numbers

G) Find the product of ! of 3 ~ and (- ~ ).

14 Complete following operations with the number 1000. First, subtract ~ from it;

second, subtract ~ from the remaining number; third, subtract ! from the

remaining number of the second subtraction . What is the remaining number after
the 1000 th operation?

•••
 2.8 Division of rational numbers

,ffiZli~
I.
Learning objective
Divide rational numbers including both positive and negative numbers

A. Multiple choice questions

Among the following statements, the correct one is ( ).
A. The reciprocal of any number is less than or equal to 1.
B. The only number whose reciprocal is equal to the number itself is 1.
C. Dividing by a is the same as multiplying by - a .
D. Zero divided by any non-zero number is always zero.

2 Among the following calculations, the incorrect one is ( ).

A. ~--:-(-3) =3X (-3) B. (-5)--:-(-~)=-SX(-2)

C. 8 - (-2) = 8+2 D. 2-7 = (+2)+(- 7)

t) Among the following statements, ( ) of them is/ are correct.

CD The sum of two numbers must be
greater than both of the two addends.
Note: If a X b = c, both a and bare
CZ) The difference of two numbers must
called factors and c the product.
be less than the minuend.
If a-:- b = c , a is called dividend, b is
® The product of two numbers must be called divisor and c the quotient.
greater than the two factors.
® The quotient of two numbers must be
less than the dividend.
A. O B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

~ ,\
~ B. Fill in the blanks

4 The reciprocal of - l5
is _ __ The reciprocal of - 2. 25 is ----

0 Calculate: (- !)- :- 6 = _ __

58
 Rational numbers

6 Calculate: 2 ~--;- (- 0. 3) = _ __

Calculate: - ~ --;- (- 1 ~ ) = _ __

• ; of a number is -O. 5. The number is _ __

C. Questions that require solutions

· 10 Each number on the left is divided by (- ~ ) . Write the answers in the corresponding

places on the right.

-3
-2
0.9 ----+--------+---- - - -

0
- 2 1_
2 -+-- - - - - - ~- ---

• •
Rational numbers

12 Calculate: 4. 5 + (- ~ X i ).

Calculate: (- 3 ~) +2 i + (- 3 ~) + (- 0. 75).

14 Read the solution to the example first, and then calculate:

Example

Calculate: (- z14 ) : ( ~ - ~ + 1- ~ ).
Solution: The reciprocal of the original expression is:

(~ - ~ + 1- ~)+(-l4)
= (1-2 - 1-3 + 1--.i)
4 6
X (-24)

= -12+16-18+20
= 6.

60
 2.9 Powers of rational numbers

~~
U[p)_f
i_1:·_,lTI Learnmg
· o b'~ectLve
·
Understand and use integer powers

✓-~~ A. Multiple choice questions

The value of 24 is ( ).
A. 0 B. 6 C. 8 D. 16

2 - 43 means ( ).
A. 4 to the power 3 B. -4 to the power 3
C. - (4 X 4 X 4) D. none of the above

Given that rational number a is equal to its reciprocal, and the square of rational
number b is zero, then a 2015 +b 2015
= ( ).
A. 0 B. 1
C. - 1 D. +1 (i.e., 1 or - 1)

4 Among the following pairs of numbers, the pair of numbers equal to each other is
( ).
A. 32 and 23 B. -2 3 and (-2) 3
C. -3 2 and ( -3 ) 2 D. 23 X 32 and (-2) 3 X (-3) 2

~
~ B. Fill in the blanks

~)
4
To write ( using multiplication, it is _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ It is read as

It can also be read as - - - - - - - - -- --

6 64 is the square of ---

and the cube of - --

The base of a 4 1s - - -- and its When a number is expressed in the

exponent is - - - power form a1, , we call a the base,
and b the exponent.
Rational numbers

100 negative twos

8 Rewriting (- 2) X (- 2) X (- 2) X ... X (- 2) X (-2) in the form of a power,
it is

• Calculate: - 0. 53 = - - --

10 Calculate: - (- ~ f=_ _ _

C. Questions [Link] require solutions

Put the numbers in order using <.

22 23
3 3

12 Given (2a + 3) + (b -
2
2) 2 . 0, find the value of a6 •

Q) Given (a - 1) 4 + (2b + 1) 4
= 0, find the value of a+ 2b.

14 What is the least value of (x + 1) 2

if x can be any number? When (x + 1) 2
is the
least, what number is x and therefore what value is x 20 15 ?

62
 2.10 Mixed operations of rational numbers (1)

~~ Learning objective
Use conventional notation for the priority of operations, including brackets and
powers

A. Multiple choice questions

If a > 0, b < 0, then b - a must be a ( ).
A. positive number B. negative number
C. non-positive number D. all of the above are possible

2 In the results of the following calculations, ( ) of them is/ are positive.

- 52 X 3, (3 - 5) 3 X 3 !, (- 3) 98 - (- 3) 99 , - ( ~ - ~ ) X (- 2) 3
A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

Theresultof(- 3) X ~ ---;-(-~)X3is( ).

A. 9 B. -9 C. 1 D. - 1

~ B. Fill in the blanks

~

4 Calculate: ( 4- 3) 3 = ---

Calculate: 4 3 - 33 = - - -

6 Calculate: - (- 3) 2 + (- 2) 3
= ---

~)
2
Calculate: -3 2 ---;- \ X ( = _ __
2

•
•
Rational numbers

C. Questions that require solutions

• Are the following calculations correct? If not, write the correct solutions.

(a) 6 7 ( ~ - ~) (b) - 32 7 ~ X1 !
= 67~ - 67~ =- 3 7
2
~ X ;
= 6 X3- 6 X 2 =- 971
= 18 - 12 =- 9.
= 6.

10 Calculate: - 1 ( - 1 1 +2 7 ) .
2- 5 10

Calculate: 4 X (- 3) 2 - 5 X (- 3) + 6.

2
12 Calculate: (- 1. 25) X 2 X 8- 9 7 (-1 1 )
5 2 .

64
 Rational numbers

Q) Calculate: -3 X 23 - [(-3 ) X 2] 2 - (- 23 X 3).

14 Calculate: (- 2) 2 X C+ 3)-:-- (- 2 ; )- (- 5) 2 -:-- 5 X (- ~ ).

•
 2.11 Mixed operations of rational numbers (2)

liq~ Learning objective

Use conventional notation for the priority of operations, including brackets and powers

A. Multiple choice questions

If m. > 0 and n < 0, then the correct conclusion of the following is ( ).
A. m.+n > 0 B. m.2 - n 2 > 0
C. m. +n > O
2 3
D. m-3 +n 2 >0
2 Among the following calculations, the correct one is ( ).

A. - 8 - 2 X 6 = (- 8 - 2) X 6 B. 2 + ! 1=
X 2+ ( ! 1)
X
c. (- 1) 2001 + (- l) 2002 = - l +l

If both a +band a X bare negative, then the following statement that is correct is
( ).
A. a and b have the same sign and are both negative numbers.
B. a and b have the same sign and are both positive numbers.
C. a and b have different signs and a >- b.
D. a and b have different signs and a <- b.

~
~ B. Fill in the blanks
4 Calculate: 0 - (- 3)2 + 3 X (- 23 ) = ---

C) Calculate: - 16 X (- ~ + 1- ~ )+ (- 5) = _ __
6 If (- 1)" = 1 and n is a positive integer, then n is an - - - - - - . If m is a
positive integer, then (- 1) + (- l)"r+-1 = - - -111

f) If the sum of a and b is zero, c and d are reciprocal to each other, then (- a - b) 2016 +
(cd) 2011 = ---

66
 Rational numbers

8 Calculate: -2 2 + (- 7)--;- (-1 ~) = _ __

3
0 Calculate: - 23 --;- 4 X (- 2 ) = _ __
9 3

C. Questions [Link] require solutions

10 Calculate: [ 2 ~ - (- ~ f] X (- 1 ~ ).

Calculate: (- ~) X (-4 2 )-0. 25 X (- 5) X (-4) 3 •

12 Calculate: 54 X 2 ! - ;- (-4 ~) X ~.

14 Given that a =- 1. 8, b =- ~ and c = 3, find:

(a)a - b -c ;

(b) _l +be .
a

•••
···-
 2.12 Expressing numbers Ln standard form

,~ gu
Learning objective
Interpret and compare numbers in standard form

A. Multiple choice questions

A 'light year' is a distance unit in astronomy.
1 light year is about 9 500 000 000 kilometres.
Standard form, A X 10"
In standard form, it can be written as ( ).
(1 ~ A < 10), is also called
A. 9. 5 X 108 km 'scientific notation'.
B. 9. 5 X 109 km
C. 9. 5 X 10 10 km
D. 9. 5 X 10 11 km

2 In the following expressions, the correct one in standard form is ( ).

6 3
A. 254 000 = 0. 254 X 10 B. 254 000 = 254 X 10
C. 254 000 = 2. 54 X 10 3
D. 254 000 = 2. 54 X 105

8 Given that N is a positive integer, then 1ON is ( ).

A. the product of ten Ns B. a N-digit integer
C. a (N + D-digit integer D. a (N - 2)-digit integer

~
~ B. Fill in the blanks
4 Express in standard form: 45 600 000 = - - - - - -

Express in standard form: 1. 205 million pounds= _ _ _ _ _ _ pounds.

6 Express in ordinary numbers: - 3. 2 X 107 = _ _ _ _ __

f) If a X lO"represents a 12-digit integer, n = _ __

8 The result of 3. 2 X 5 X 107 expressed in standard form is - - -

68
 Rational numbers

C. Questions that require solutions

• The total length of a high speed railway connecting Shanghai to the city's
international airport is about 30 km and a single journey for a high speed train
takes about 8 minutes. What is the average speed of the train per minute? Express
your answer in standard form .

10 The on-orbit flight speed of a spacecraft was 7900 m per second, travelling one
round of the Earth every 90 minutes. Approximately how many metres did the
spacecraft move in travelling one round of the Earth? Express your answer in
standard form .

G, Put the numbers 7. 91 X 10 6 , 1. 2 X 107 , 8. 3 X 10 6 , 2. 3 X 10 7 , 0. 07 X 108 in order ,

starting from the least.

12 Let's explore.
(a) 10 2 stands for the multiplication of - - - - lOs and 10 3 stands for the
multiplication of _____ lOs, therefore 10 2 X 10 3 stands for the
multiplication of _ _ _ lOs and the product is 10 to the power _ _ __
Cb) 10"' stands for the multiplication of _ _ _ _ lOs and 10" stands for the
multiplication of lOs, therefore 10"' X 10" stands for the
multiplication of _ _ _ lOs and the product is 10 to the power _ _ __
(c) Using the pattern obtained above, calculate: 1. 25 X 10 11 X 8 X 10 10 •
 Unit test 2

-~ A. Multiple choice questions

The altitudes of places A, Band Care 20 m, - 15 m and - 10 m, respectively.
The difference between the highest place and the lowest place is ( ).
A. 5 m B. 10 m
C. 15 m D. 35 m

2 Among the numbers 10.1, - ( -5 ), -0.5, 10%, 0, 2, ( - 1) 3 , -2 2 and - ( - 2) 2 ,

there are ( ) non-negative numbers.
A. 4 B. 5
c. 6 D. 7

The following pair of numbers that are equal are ( ).

A. ( -4 ) and - 4 2 2
B. ( -3 ) and - 37
7

C. (2 - 1) 2 and 22 - 12 D. (-2) 8 and - 28

4 , If the ordinary number of 2. 05 X 10" is a 14-digit integer, then the value of n is

( ) .
A. 12 B. 13
C. 14 D. 15

If a > 0, b < 0 and a is less than - b, then the correct expression of the following
is ( ).
A. - b >a>- a > b B. b > a >- b >- a
D. a > b >- a>- b

6 Among the following statements, the correct one is ( ).

A. If a 2
>b 2
, then a> b
B. If a> b, thena 2 >b2

C. If a 2 = b2 , then a= b
D. If a= b, thena 2 = b2

70
 Rational numbers

~ B. Fill in the bla nits

~

f) If a number added to -3 is zero, then the number is _ __

8 If a point on a number line has a distance of 4 from the point which represents

- 2 ; , then the number the point represents on the line is _ _ __

• Express in standard form: -3 2 500 000= - - - -

10 Compare the numbers: 12000 _ _ _ _ ( - 1) 200 1 •

- 11-2 + - - - =-21-6

12 Calculate: - 2 ~ X 1. 2 -;- (- 1 ; ) = _ __

1
Calculate: (-3) 2 X = _ _ _
6

14 Calculate: (-2 2\) x 75 = _ __

41!) Choose any three numbers from - 2, - 3, - 4 and 5, then multiply. The least
possible product is - - -

16 The temperatures recorded on two winter days in a city are shown in the table.

Highest temperature Lowest temperature

First day 9.1 2.3

Second day 5.2 -2 . 3

In the two days, the - - - - day had greater temperature difference between
the highest and the lowest .

• If a 2 = 25, b = - 2, ab > 0, thena+b = _ __

• • • •
Rational numbers

18 If (x + 3) 2
= 0, then x = ---

G) Follow the steps below, if the value of the output is - !, then the value of the

input x is ---

I input x 1-1 minus 51-1 square 1-1 negative reciprocal 1-1 output I

C. Questions that require solutions

20 Calculate: 0. 5+ (- !)- (-2. 75) + (+ ~ ).

tD Calculate: ( - 24) X ( 5 -3 1
3 2 + 1 87) .

,22_• Calculate: - ( 5 - 7)·-:-4 5 - (- 3) .

8 12 6 4

@) Calculate: 0. 25 X (- 2) 3 - [ 4--;- (- f
~ + 1].

72
 Rational numbers

24 What is the difference between the cube of - ~ and the square of - ~ ?

@) In testing the mass of 5 basketballs, the amount of mass (unit: g) exceeding the
standard mass is recorded as positive and that below the standard mass is recorded
as negative. The outcome of the testing is shown in the table.

Number label of each basketball 1 2 3 4 5

Difference from the standard mass

+4 +7 - 3 - 8 +9
(unit: gram)

(a) The basketball that is closest to the standard mass is basketball number - - - -
(b) How many grams heavier is the heaviest basketball than the lightest basketball?

26 Given that the three points on a number line corresponding to the three rational
7
numbers are A: - 2 ~, B:
10
and C: x , if AC = 3BC, find the value of x .