ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS

1. DEFINITIONS:
(I) Uniform circular motion
(II) Centripetal force
(III) Centrifugal force
(IV) Angle of banking
(V) Conical pendulum
(VI) Moment of inertia
(VII) Radius of gyration
(VIII) Angular momentum of a particle
2. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN:
(I) Uniform circular motion and non uniform circular motion
(II) Centripetal force and centrifugal force
3. LAWS & THEORIES
(I) Principle of conservation of angular momentum & its proof
(II) Parallel axis theorem & its proof
(III) Perpendicular axis theorem & its proof
4. DERIVATIONS:
(I) Derive an expression for the maximum safe speed for a vehicle on a curved horizontal
road.
(II) Derive an expression for the required angle of banking.
(III) Obtain an expression for (i) the minimum safe speed (ii) the maximum safe speed with
which a vehicle can negotiate the curve without skidding.
(IV) Derive an angular speed and time period of of the bob of a conical pendulum.
(V) A small body is tied to a string and revolved in a vertical circle of radius r. Prove that the
difference in the tensions in the string at the highest and the lowest points is 6 times the
weight of the body.
(VI) Deduce the expression for moment of inertia of a thin uniform disc about a tangential
axis perpendicular to its plane.
(VII) Obtain the expressions for moment of inertia of a ring about (i) its diameter (ii) a
tangential axis in its plane.
(VIII) Derive an expression for the angular momentum of a rotating rigid body in terms of its
angular velocity.
(IX) Obtain an expression for the torque acting on a body rotating with a uniform angular
acceleration.
(X) Derive an expression for the kinetic energy when a rigid body is rolling on a horizontal
surface without slipping.
(XI) A rigid body rolls down an inclined plane without slipping. Derive the expressions for (i)
the speed after rolling down a certain vertical distance (ii) the acceleration along the
plane.
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

1. DEFINITION
(I) Pressure
(II) Gauge pressure
(III) Range of molecular attraction or molecular range
(IV) Sphere of influence
(V) Surface tension
(VI) Surface energy
(VII) Angle of contact
(VIII) Velocity gradient in a steady flow
(IX) Coefficient of viscosity
2. LAWS AND THEORIES
(I) Pascal’s law
(II) Laplace’s law & its proof
(III) Newton’s law of viscosity & its explanation
(IV) Stoke’s law & its derivation using dimensional analysis
(V) Bernoulli’s principle
(VI) Law of efflux (Torricelli’s theorem)
3. DERIVATIONS
(I) Derive an expression for pressure exerted by a liquid column.
(II) Derive the relation between surface tension and surface energy per unit area.
(III) Derive an expression for capillary rise for a liquid having a concave meniscus.
(IV) Obtain an expression for conservation of mass starting from the equation of continuity.
 OSCILLATIONS

1. DEFINITIONS
(I) Periodic motion
(II) Oscillatory motion
(III) Linear simple harmonic motion
(IV) Period of SHM
(V) Frequency of SHM
(VI) Amplitude of SHM
(VII) Phase of SHM
(VIII) Ideal simple pendulum
(IX) Second’s pendulum
(X) Angular SHM
(XI) Damped oscillation
2. LAWS AND THEORIES
(I) Laws of simple pendulum
3. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
(I) Simple pendulum and conical pendulum
4. DERIVATIONS
(I) Derive the differential equation of linear SHM.
(II) Using the differential equation of linear SHM, obtain the expression for (a) acceleration
(b) velocity and (c ) displacement
(III) Derive an expression for angular frequency of a body performing linear SHM.
(IV) Discuss analytically the composition of two linear SHMs of the same period and along
the same line. Obtain the resultant amplitude. find the resultant amplitude when the
phase difference is (i) zero (ii) π/2 rad
(V) Obtain the expression for the kinetic energy and potential energy of a particle executing
SHM. Hence deduce the expression for total energy of the particle and show that the
total energy is conserved.
(VI) Obtain the expression for the period of a simple pendulum performing SHM.
(VII) State the differential equation of angular SHM. Hence derive an expression for the
period of angular SHM in terms of (i) the torsion constant (ii) the angular acceleration.
(VIII) Obtain the expression for the period of a magnet in angular simple harmonic oscillation
in a uniform magnetic field.
(IX) Represent graphically the displacement, velocity and acceleration against time for a
particle performing linear SHM when it starts form the mean position.
 SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES

1. DEFINITION/ STATEMENT
 End correction
 Principle of superposition of waves
 Nodes
 Antinodes
 Laws of stretched string
2. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN
 Free and forced vibration
 Force vibration and resonance
 Harmonic and overtone
 Stationary waves & progressive waves
3. SHORT QUESTIONS
 Characteristics of progressive waves
 Properties of stationary waves
 Application of beats
4. LONG DERIVATION
 Explain the formation of stationary wave by analytical method. Show that nodes and
antinodes are equally spaced in a stationary wave.
 Show that all harmonics are present in an air column contained in a pipe open at both
the ends.
 Show that only odd harmonics are present in an air column vibrating in a pipe closed at
one end.
 Show that all harmonics are present on a stretched string between two rigid supports.
 Derive an expression for equation of stationary wave on a stretched string.
 Prove that frequency of beats is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the
two sound notes giving rise to beats.
5. DIAGRAMS
 Modes of vibration of an air column in a pipe when it is ;
(a) open at both ends (b) closed at one end
 Modes of vibration of a stretched string.
 ELECTROSTATICS

1. DEFINITIONS/STATEMENTS
 Gauss’s theorem
 Electric potential
 Electric potential energy
 Polarization in dielectrics
 Capacitance of capacitor
 Equipotential surface
2. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
 Polar and non-polar molecules
3. SHORT QUESTIONS
 Expression for electric field intensity at a point outside uniformly charged thin plane
sheet.
 Expression for electric field intensity at a point outside an infinitely long charged
conducting cylinder.
 Expression for electric field intensity due to uniformly charged spherical shell.
 Electric potential due to a point charge
 Capacitance of two capacitors connected in (a) series (b) parallel
4. LONG DERIVATIONS
 Electric potential due to an electric dipole.
 Potential energy of a dipole in an external field.
 Energy stored in a charged capacitor.
 Describe the construction and working of van de Graff generator.
5. DIAGRAMS
 Parallel plate capacitor completely filled with dielectric.
 Van de Graff generator
 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. DEFINITIONS/STATEMENTS
 Kirchhoff’s laws in electricity
 Principle of potentiometer
 Potential gradient
 Shunt
2. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
 Ammeter and voltmeter
 Potentiometer and voltmeter
3. SHORT QUESTIONS
 Condition of Wheatstone bridge and its proof
 Errors in meter – bridge experiment. How can they be minimized?
 Advantage of a potentiometer over a voltmeter
4. LONG QUESTIONS
 Determine the unknown resistance by using meter bridge experiment.
 Determine internal resistance of a cell using a potentiometer.
 Conversion of a galvanometer into an ammeter.
 Conversion of a galvanometer into voltmeter
5. DIAGRAM
 Unknown resistance by Meter bridge
 Potentiometer
o Emf Comparison by connecting cells individually
o Emf comparison , sum and difference method
o Internal resistance of a cell
 Conversion of galvanometer into
o Ammeter
o voltmeter
 MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT

1. DEFINITIONS/STATEMENTS
 Ampere’s circuital law
 Biot-Savart law
2. FORMULAS
 Expression of Biot-Savart’s law in vector form
 Magnetic potential energy of a dipole
o Minimum magnetic potential energy
o Maximum magnetic potential energy
 Torque acting on rotating current carrying coil
3. SHORT QUESTIONS
 Advantages and disadvantages of moving coil galvanometer
 Magnetic induction at any point due to a straight conductor carrying current. Using
Ampere’s circuital law.
 Magnetic induction along the axis of toroid. Using Ampere’s circuital law
 Magnetic induction of a solenoid, using Ampere’s circuital law

4. LONG QUESTIONS
 Force of attraction between two long parallel wires
 Show that the deflection produced in a moving coil galvanometer is directly
proportional to the current flowing through its coil.
5. DIAGRAMS
 Moving coil galvanometer
 cyclotron
 MAGNETIC MATERIALS

1. DEFINITIONS
 Magnetization
 Magnetic intensity
 Gryomagnetic ratio
 Magnetic susceptibility
2. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
 Paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances
 Diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substances
3. SHORT QUESTIONS
 Properties of diamagnetic materials
 Properties of paramagnetic materials
 Properties of ferromagnetic materials
4. LONG QUESTIONS
 Expression for orbital magnetic moment of an electron revolving around the nucleus of
an atom.
 Expression for Bohr magneton
5. DIAGRAMS
 Dipole moments in paramagnetic substances when external magnetic field is
(a) absent (b) strong
 Unmagnetised and magnetized ferromagnetic material with domains
 Hysteresis cycle (loop)
 ELECTROMAGNTIC INDUCTION

1. DEFINITIONS/STATEMENT
 Electromagnetic induction
 Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
 Lenz’s law
 Self inductance
 Mutual inductance
 Transformer
2. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN
 Step Up and Step Down transformer
3. SHORT QUESTIONS
 Emf generated in a conductor of length(l) , moving in uniform magnetic field (B) with
uniform velocity (v) along x-axis .(e= Blv)
 Motional emf in a rotating bar
 Eddy current and its applications
 Coefficient of coupling (K)
 Energy stored in the magnetic field in terms of induced current
 Principle of transformer
4. LONG QUESTIONS
∅
 Prove theoretically, e= −
 Construction and working of transformer.
 Equation for a transformer
5. DIAGRAMS
 Transformer