Electrical Engineering Fundamentals Exam Questions
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en.shashankElectrical Engineering Fundamentals Exam Questions
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Powered by AIThe bandwidth Δω of a series RLC circuit is given by Δω = R/L. With R=1000Ω and L=100mH or 0.1H, Δω = 1000/0.1 = 10,000 rad/s. In terms of frequency, Δf = Δω / (2π) = 10,000 / (2π) ≈ 1591.55 Hz. Bandwidth reflects the range of frequencies over which the circuit can operate effectively.
The resonant frequency (f₀) for a series RLC circuit is determined by the formula f₀ = 1 / (2π√(LC)), where L is the inductance and C is the capacitance. Substituting the values L = 2mH = 2 x 10^-3 H and C = 10μF = 10 x 10^-6 F, we get f₀ = 1 / (2π√(2 x 10^-3 x 10 x 10^-6)) = 1 / (2π√(20 x 10^-9)) = 1 / (2π x 4.47 x 10^-5) ≈ 1125.64 Hz. The Quality factor Q is given by Q = 1/R √(L/C). Substituting the values, Q = 1/2 Ω √(2 x 10^-3 / 10 x 10^-6) = 1/2 x √200 ≈ 7.07.
The admittance of an RL circuit is given by Y = G + jB, where G is conductance and B is susceptance. For each coil, calculate G = R/(R^2 + (ωL)^2) and B = -ωL/(R^2 + (ωL)^2) where ω = 2πf (f=50Hz). For coil 1: R=5Ω, L=0.04H, ω = 2π x 50 = 100π. Thus, G₁ = 5/(5^2+(100π x 0.04)^2) and B₁ = -100π x 0.04/(5^2+(100π x 0.04)^2). For coil 2: R=10Ω, L=0.05H, G₂ and B₂ are similarly calculated. Finally, Y_total = (G₁ + G₂) + j(B₁ + B₂)
The half power frequencies (ω₁ and ω₂) are found using ω₁, ω₂ = ω₀ ± (R/2L), where ω₀ = 1/√(LC) is the resonant angular frequency. For the circuit with L=0.1 H and C=10 μF, ω₀ = 1/√(0.1 x 10 x 10^-6) = 10,000 rad/s. Using R=1000Ω and L=0.1 H, ω₁ and ω₂ are calculated as 10,000 ± (1000/2 x 0.1) = 10,000 ± 5000; ω₁ = 5000 rad/s, ω₂ = 15,000 rad/s.
The total admittance Y is the sum of admittances of individual branches: Y_total = (1/Z₁ + 1/Z₂ + 1/Z₃) where Z₁ = 70.7 + 70.7j; Z₂ = 120 + 160j; Z₃ = 120 + 90j. Convert to polar form to find magnitude (|Z|) and phase (θ) for each, then add admittances. Y = (1/|Z|)e^-jθ. The power factor, PF = cos(θ_total), where θ_total is the phase angle of Y_total. Calculate each, convert to real-imaginary form, sum, then use PF = real(Y_total) / |Y_total|.
In a balanced star connection, the phase voltage V_phase = V_line / √3 = 400/√3 V. The phase current I= V_phase/Z where Z = 3 + j4 Ω gives I = (400/√3)/5 = 46.19/√3 = 26.68/5 = 5.34 A. The power factor PF = cos(θ) where θ = tan^-1(4/3) = 53.13°. The active power P = √3 x V_line x I x cos(θ) = √3 x 400 x 5.34 x 0.6 = 2220W. Reactive power Q = √3 x V_line x I x sin(θ) = √3 x 400 x 5.34 x 0.8 = 2960VAR.
In a star connected system, phase voltage V_phase = 400/√3. The phase current I_phase = V_phase / Z where Z = 3 + 4j, scaled by (3² + 4²)^0.5 = 5. Therefore, I_phase = (400/√3V) / 5 = 46.19/√3 = 26.68 sin θ/5. The line current in a star connection equals the phase current: I_line = I_phase ≈ 5.34 A, considering impedance angle.
The resonant frequency is given by f₀ = 1 / (2π√(LC)). Here, L = 0.1 H and C = 10 x 10^-6 F. Therefore, f₀ = 1 / (2π√(0.1 x 10 x 10^-6)) = 1 / (2π x √(10^-6)) = 503.29 Hz. The Quality factor Q is calculated using Q = 1/R √(L/C) = 1/1000 √(0.1/10 x 10^-6) = 31.62.
The power absorbed by a parallel RL circuit is primarily real power (P). Calculate the real component of admittance for each coil: G = R/(R² + (ωL)²), ω = 2πf. Power absorbed P = V²G_total, where G_total is sum of real conductance of each coil. Next, P = V²(real(1/Z_total)), considering Z_total from individual impedances Z = R + jωL. This determines the realistic power dissipated.
To calculate total current, compute impedance for each coil: Z = √(R² + (ωL)²), ω = 2π x 50. For the first coil (5Ω, 0.04H), Z₁ = √(5² + (2π x 50 x 0.04)²). For the second coil (10Ω, 0.05H), Z₂ = √(10² + (2π x 50 x 0.05)²). Total current I is found by I = V/|Z_total| where 1/Z_total = 1/Z₁ + 1/Z₂. Substitute in calculated values for Z₁ and Z₂, solve for I.