Cover page : biodiversity
Theme: understanding and preserving life on earth
Precious biodiversity need to be protected.
Picture of biodiversity !
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Biodiversity refers to variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem .
Is the variability among living organisms from all sources , including inter alia , terrestrial , marine
and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part ,this include
diversity within species , between species and ecosystem (convention on Biological
Diversity ,1992 ) .
Components of biodiversity .
Species diversity:
•Refers to the variety of different species present within an ecosystem or region .
•helps nutrient cycling and decomposition .
•helps pollination and seed dispersal .
•climate regulation .
Ecosystem diversity .
•refers to the variety of different ecosystem , habitats and ecological processes within a region .
•it support species diversity.
• provide natural resources ( food ,fuel ,fiber) .
•supports human well being (recreation and tourism ) .
Genetic diversity.
•refers to variety of genetic information within species or population .
•enhanced ecosystem resilience.
•it helps increasing fitness and survival
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Effects of biodiversity .
Ecosystem services human well being and the planet through:
•air and water purification .
•medicine
• soil formation and nutrient cycling.
•waste management
•climate regulation
• food security
• recreation and tourism
• cultural and spiritual significance
• increase property values
• job recreation in conservation and eco-industries.
Picture of ecosystem diversity ( green lands) !
• eco- tourism revenue .
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Threats on biodiversity :
1. Climate change :
• it causes numerous threats to the environment , human , economic and societies World wide
which is :
• rising sea levels resulting in flooding ,erosion .
• increase frequency and intensity of heat waves , droughts ,floods and storms .
• mental health impact
• food and water born diseases .
2. Overexploitation:
•resource depletion
• habitat destruction
• loss of biodiversity
• soil erosion
• climate change
• reduces economic growth ( Stern ,2007).
• reduced quality of life ( Dasgupta , 2010) .
Examples of overexploitation
- deforestation
- overfishing
- mineral resources depletion - fossil fuel extraction .
Picture of overexploitation ( mining)
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How to protect our biodiversity .
Conservation methods such as insitu and exsitu for organisms .
Where by insitu is managing the species in their natural environment and exsitu is moving of
organisms from its endemic range and locate it to another place.
- protect endangered species through breeding program and reintroduction ( WWF , 2020) .
- habitat restoration .
- community engagement through Introducing :
[Link] education to communities .
Indegenous knowledge .
Law enforcement through paying penalties .
Giving license to individual .
Use of organic pesticides .
[Link] resources management such as responsible fishing and sustainable agriculture .
[Link] change mitigation through practicing three R which are recycle ,reuse and re
Reducing green house gas emissions .
Conservation planning .
Creation of bonatical gardens .
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References
Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) Article 2. Use of Terms.
Dasgupta ,P .(2020) Nature's role in sustaining economic development . Philosophical
Transactions of Royal society: Biological sciences ,365(1555) ,2949-2964.
Stern,N .(2007) The economics of climate change . Cambridge University press .
Picture of natural environment!