Physicality
Tie up long hair and tuck in school ties while doing experiments
Wash your hands after completing an experiment
Where safety goggles while heating or mixing substances
Instructions
Always follow the instructions given by your teacher
Safety precautions before doing an experiment
Keep the laboratory clean and tidy
Worst case scenarios
Know the fire escape route
Report all accidents to your teacher immediately
Chapter 1:Introducing science
Scientists have made many contributions to the world, including important discoveries . For
example, in the 19th century Louis pasteur discovered that microorganisms can cause milk
and wine to turn sour.
Scienti c discovery often have pros and cons.
Example : nuclear technology, antibiotics
Can be used to produce electricity but can also be turned into nuclear weapons to kill people
Can be used to kill bacteria, but can also produce antibiotic resistant bacteria
Chapter 2 : the limitations of science
Although science has many applications that bene t humans , it has limitations, and cannot
solve all of our problems. For example, what is the origin of the universe? How can we cure
cancer? How can we prevent wars? These are all problems that cannot be solved by science.
Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a
molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond
angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of
each atom.
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Chapter 3 : lab safety
in the laboratory, we need to use safety equipment . It is used to protect our safety when we
are doing experiments.
Laboratory safety equipment include : a lab coat, safety goggles, protective gloves, rst aid
box, and re extinguisher materials.
Chapter 4 : handling a re
Different conditions for re to start . They include oxygen, high temperature and fuel.
Remove one of them and the re cannot start .
Method of putting out of re : using re beaters, spring the re with water and cutting down
trees to make a rebreak.
Fires may occur in our daily lives . It may occur while you are cooking, or anytime else. so
make sure you know the basic tips about the re triangle because if anyone condition of the
re triangle is removed then the re will not be able to start for example if you switch off a
source for example a re cooker then the re will be extinguished almost immediately, also if
you poor cold water over a re, the high temperature will be cold down and the reworks stink
will be extinguished .
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Chapter 5 laboratory apparatus
Inside the laboratory , you will use this different kinds of apparatus to do experiments.
They include : boiling tubes, test tubes, beakers, dropper bottles, gas jars and much more.
Also, there are certain apparatus for heating. They include the Bunsen burner,tongs and test
tube holder and a glass rod. Magnets attract different kinds of metals that don’t include
aluminium and titainium.
Using measuring instrument
In the pass, people used very stupid methods to measure I don’t know like potatoes
and used sundials , to either keep track of time and commerce.
Water has a high tension, so it is attracted to the walls of the measuring cylinder. The
instruments used for measuring include: a metre ruler, a half metre ruler and a
measuring tape. The convection of units include km, m and cm. 1 km equals 1000 m,
1 m equals 100 cm, 1 cm equals 10 mm