PROJECT

TOPIC: Availability and Utilization of Information

Resources in Special Libraries: Industrial Court Kano.

SUPERVISOR: Gomina, Hadiza E. (Mrs)

COURSE: Library and Information Science.

NAME: Ukwu Francis Onyekachi

MATRIC NUMBER: 20/204LIB/078

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY.
Special libraries often have a more specific clientele than libraries in traditional educational
or public settings dealing with more specialized kinds of information. The study presents a
view on special libraries which include corporate libraries, government libraries, law
libraries, medical libraries, museum libraries, news libraries. Special libraries also exist
within academic institutions, these libraries are included as special libraries because they are
often funded separately from the rest of the university and they serve a targeted group of
users.
In contemporary democracies, judiciary systems occupy a central position among public
institutions as autonomous and independent branches of the governments. The reason is that
an effective judiciary system not only provides a safeguard for human rights, but also ensure
other aspects of life in society that are crucial to the well-being of individuals and
organizations, such as health, work, industrial relations, social security, family relations, civil
rights, environmental rights, consumer rights, property rights, and the enforcement of laws.
The centrality of a strong judiciary mechanism lies in its essential contribution to
fostering harmonious living which promote economic stability and growth, and to enabling
all manner of disputes to be resolved within a structured and orderly framework. Judges and
Lawyers are trained persons in law whose activities are performed in a court, and also who
have the authority to decide how criminals should be punished or to make legal decisions.
High court judges like any other legal worker, equally use information contained in books
and other information resources to discharge their duties. This can be seen in their work
especially in legal drafting, citing of cases, making decisions and citing authority to buttress a
point of decision, more so, judges have been trained to be conscious of the legal implications
of books to defend their actions.
Koloso (2007) asserted that “A judge, who is not up-to date in his law can ruin a
client’s case by giving him a wrong judgment which unless he has the means to appeal may
perpetuate an injustice”. Judges are made to practically go cap in hand for proper and
adequate information and in the process, the quality and impartiality of justice delivery is
sometimes perceived not as compromise.
However, the National Industrial court library beyond any reasonable doubt is
therefore the laboratory for the legal profession. A thorough grasp and understanding of law
is indispensable to a judge or lawyer to be able to discharge his duties effectively, he must
have access to a well-equipped and up-to-date law library. Makri (2008) agrees when he
argues that the information work carried out by judges can be complex often involving
finding and working with a wealth of legal information spans different times of documents
(e.g. law reports /Legal cases, legislation, commentary articles, forms and precedents etc), a
wide range of legal topic areas and a range of jurisdiction. Information is an essential
ingredient of court decision. There can be no meaningful or good judgment without
information.
This is why it is important for judges and lawyers to be provided with adequate,
current and up to date information before deciding on a case. Library exists to provide
information to support aims and objectives of its parent organization. This is achieved by

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providing relevant information resources that can satisfy information needs of its present and
potential users. Court library, as a resource is seen to provide for the intellectual and
information needs of judges for effective dispensation of justice.
The availability of information resources and services as to do with the resources and
services attainable at hand to meet the quest of information needed by the staff which are
stocked in the library and are in both print and non-print resources. Provision of information
resources in National Industrial court can be defined as selecting, collecting, organizing,
preserving, disseminating and interpreting library sources to meet the needs of judges in
administration of justice. The provision of information resources is meant for utilization.
Information resources in National Industrial court library are provided for judges to
use in dispensation of justice. Hence provision brings about utilization. Utilization in
National Industrial court library means that all the activities involved in providing judges
how to make the best possible use of library resources, services, and facilities including
online audio-visual material etc.
Utilization enables the judge to gain knowledge of the resources and services which
the National Industrial court library offers for his or her benefit. Since the national industrial
court library occupies a sensitive position in the national court system and in view of the fact
that its responsibilities are enormous, it becomes very important therefore, that its resources
and services should be maximally utilized. Sokoya (2003) stresses that the availability of
books is clearly central to library provision in courts and it is used as measure of library
performance.
The availability of books has contributed greatly to the knowledge of library
functions. Defining availability in terms of immediacy is useful as an indicator of library
service. Since a perfect immediate availability rate is ideal, a situation in which all requests is
immediately satisfied. Oketunji (2000) posits that the availability and use of information
resources have grown to be both a political and social responsibility. It appears that this
responsibility will continue to grow with increase in the production of information and the
number of its users.
The information resources are the nerve centre of any library services, therefore
effective management of the resources should be of more concern to the librarian. The
librarian should be able to focus on the needs and pattern of needs, and use of library
resources. He should acquire the right materials. He should establish the need and kind of
sources for his readers, existing resources in the subject areas and what gaps needed to be
filled.
From the above, it could be said that information resources comprise law reports,
statutes, standard legal texts, law journals and periodicals, decrees, acts, circulars,
information files, code of practice, index to materials, legal database etc In modern legal
society, information is a vital instrument required for the day-to-day activities of judges in the
legal profession, who need legal information to make vital and rational decisions that may
directly involve human life, if retrieved legal information is accurate, then there is a high
probability of making good decisions. If information is inaccurate, the ability to make correct
decisions is diminished.
Better information usually leads to better decisions. Anaeme (2007) stresses that
legal profession is a highly book reading profession, therefore information is an important
asset to a judge. Malomo (2001) reiterates the importance of information to a judge when he
argues that books are the tools of trade of the legal profession. Thus, of all the professions,

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law has the largest collection of books because a well-stocked reference law library is
important to a judge in administration of justice a judge will always make a poor judgment if
he does not refer to legal authorities, and a judgment will not be as rich without referring to
previously decided cases as authorities.
But utilizing the right legal information is viewed as the bedrock for judicial process
success. Legal information is seen as a key element in delivering quality services to the
population of any country. But utilizing the right legal information depends on the knowledge
of librarians/information providers of the legal information needs of judges. Court libraries in
all setting have traditionally served as the centre for legal research for members of the legal
profession, a place where judges have always resorted to utilize legal information. The world
of that information is becoming more diverse diffused and complex.
The changes in the universe of legal knowledge and information are brought about by
developments in the contextual environment of the law library. Information plays a central
role in adjudication of cases. In both developed and developing countries that have legal
systems information has been recognized to play a pivotal role in positively influencing
official decision about who is right in a disagreement between two groups or organizations.
As a result, information has become a valuable resource just like energy and oil. Babu and
Sachdeva (2006) states that information can be seen as data put in a meaningful form which
is communicated to a recipient who uses it to make a decision.
Information involves the communication and reception of intelligence or knowledge.
It appraises and notices surprises, reduces uncertainties, reveals additional alternatives and
stimulates them to action. It is therefore vital that at any instance where decisions need to be
made, accurate, timely and relevant information should be consulted to ensure that informed
decisions are made (Capuno and Hjorland, 2003). Zawislak (2009) argues that the quality of
decisions relies on the quality of information available. Alemna and Scouby (2000) contend
that as more aspects of society become subject to injustice and forms of discrimination, the
more knowledge.
Judges would require in order taking decisions in areas where they have little or no
prior knowledge. Sam (2010) is also of the view that in many societies today, a library as a
repository of information is expected to help judges to perform their legal function. He
further notes that the concept of a library as a support unit in the acquisition, organization,
storage, retrieval and dissemination of information in high court libraries is well known.
Fleming (2009) posits that, librarian and other information system should be made to serve
actual needs as well as anticipation of its user.
Fleming also states that, in order to render effective services to meet these actual
needs, librarians must be technically trained. There is the need for libraries to have relevant
information resources that can serve the needs of the parent institution in which the library is
located. National Industrial court library, as an entity, has a bearing on organizational
development. According to Fleming, the parent organization is expected to recognize the
contribution of their library and support the library in their activities. The objective of any
library is to maximize the exposure of the users to the resources.
National industrial court library should be organized in order to save the effort
required by users to access the essential information materials as soon as possible whenever
the need arises. What a reader wants at all levels and getting the materials needed from the
shelves are the fundamental problems in developing high court libraries of any type, be it
public, special or academic (Iroka, 2009). Regardless of users of a particular library, the main

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focus of library services is the provision of information resources. Essential and adequate
information resources for learning provide facts that form the basis for thinking.
There is therefore, a need to know the amount, type and quality of information
resources available in National Industrial Court Library. Libraries should be involved in the
provision of audio-visual information resources in national industrial court library, and they
should be involved in the provision of the resources for the use of the clients. To cater for the
needs of the Judges, library service is absolutely essential to achieve availability of
information resources. Service here is a product of data resulting from processing of data.
This means that the products which are the information resources acquired by the
library must be relevant as to be processed as useful information. If an information product is
not relevant to the needs of the users certainly it will not be utilized. Therefore, court libraries
must acquire resources which are relevant to the user community. There should be emphasis
on access to relevant information in determining services.
Therefore, access to essential information is regarded as the most important
requirement for library services. However, if users cannot access given information system
the system cannot be useful to them. Nwachukwu (2004) states that there should be
continuous training of library personnel in the use of latest techniques in an ongoing manner.
He notes that the library should offer services like abstracting, indexing, bibliographical,
CAS, SDI translation, etc.
User orientation service should be introduced. These services usually depend on the
level of funding of the library, the information resources available in the library and quality
of the library staff. The utilization of any service usually depends on choice or performance
of the users through access tools. Abolagi (2009) defines provision as an act of making
information resources accessible in the library. In this case library resources and services in
high court libraries should be available and efficient to national industrial court judges.
Therefore, national industrial court library must have or cultivate fertile ground to
derive continuously the development of their information resources in order to improve on
their services towards achieving and maintaining rule of law in the country for sustainable
democracy. Understanding user needs is core to effective library service. National industrial
court library is established as repository of information resources available to judges. Judicial
systems are knowledge intensive domains as, on the one hand, judges are required to apply a
vast bulk of theoretical knowledge drawn from legal textbooks, statutes, and codes and, on
the other hand, they also need to master the standards of practice at courts when dealing with
daily caseloads.
The legal system in Nigeria requires a system of processing and dissemination of
information to make it effective. The library plays an important role in the courts as it
provides support services to the judges and other court officers. Both the judges and the court
officers need stable flow of information as input into their activities. Thus, legal activity
cannot be carried out successfully without the support of a well-equipped and up to date
library and information services.
Library use is the goal of every library, without use the library cannot exist. Library
use refers to the extent to which users make use of the resources of a library to decide on a
case before them. Abagai (2008) notes that the utilization of the library depends on
availability of suitable material for judges.

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 Mohammed (2007) also defines “use” as a method of analysis of the interaction
between the client and the resources. It measures the adequacy of the resources and services
of a library. The objective of the library is to maximize the exposure of the users to the
resources. The identification of what is needed to the clienteles is in the major concerned of a
librarian. To this end, the main objective of a library is to cover for the information
requirement of its users providing adequate and suitable information resources. Suitable and
adequate information resources provide facts that form the basis for judicial court decisions.
The assumption of most uses of court library has been that the adequacy of the
information resources and services are directly related to their use. Amkpa (2005) sees user
study as a vital aid for effective planning and management of libraries. Similarly, Oyesiku
(2007) noted that effective use of the library is one of the principle objectives of establishing
collections. To this end utilization provide objective data to evaluate library. There is
therefore, a need to know the types and quality of information resources and services
provisions as well as their level of utilization by users in the national industrial court libraries.
The availability of information resources and services as to do with the resources and
services attainable at hand to meet the quest of information needed by the staff which are
stocked in the library and are in both print and non-print resources.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
Special libraries often come to existence in order to meet an unsatisfied need for information
in an organization. The main objective of any law court is to dispense justice. This is carried
out through the basic function of interpretation of the constitution and the statutes by the
judicial officers in litigation brought before them. While literal interpretations may require
only search for authorities in the library, creative interpretation demand further reading and
reasoning to arrive at fair and just judgments. The judiciary is commonly and highly being
referred to as the last hope of the common man, which pre-supposes that it guarantees equal
access to justice and equity, and equally ensures that the rights of citizens are adequately
accommodated while judgments are handed down in accordance with the dictates of the law
and facts presented to the court.
Judges must build integrity and public trust by providing improved access to justice, quality
of justice and improve on the quality of effective response to public complaints about the
judiciary process. Many judges fail to articulate cases and provide proper back up to their
actions in the courts of laws which compels one to ask whether it is lack of competence or
lack of reliable information resources. On many occasions, cases are not properly treated in
the judiciary, and the current situation is bad to the level that people in authority must do
something or else people will lose faith in the judiciary. Once that happen anarchy will be the
order of the day.
There is this question of whether these judges have adequate or utilized the right information
to defend their actions. Despite the legal institution like National industrial court library
efforts to provide legal knowledge and ready access to information resource to judges and
court officers, there is the need to ensure that judges have adequate information resources in
order to utilize information resources and services appropriately through National industrial
court library so as to dispense justice. The above details are the reasons this study focuses on
the potentials and benefit of studying availability and utilization of information resources and
services in special library a case study of national industrial court of Nigeria.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.

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The objective of this study are as follows:
1. To determine the availability of Information Resource in national industrial court library.
2. To identify the methods for the provision of Information resources in library under study.
3. To determine the information services provided in the library under study.
4. To examine the access tools for the utilization of information Resources in the library
under study.
5. To identify areas in which judges in National Industrial Court use information resources in
library.
6. To identify challenges associated with provisions and use of Information Resources in the
library under study.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
The following research questions will guide this study;
1. What type of information resources are available in national industrial court library?
2. What methods are adopted for the provision of Information resources in library under
study?
3. How are the information service provided in the library under study?
4. What are the access tools for the utilization of information Resources in the library under
study?
5. What are the areas by which judges in National Industrial Court use information resources
in library?
6. What are the challenges associated with provisions and use of Information Resources in
the library under study?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.
It is expected that the findings of this study will be useful to the following: scholars,
researchers, lawyers, judges, court registers, area court judges, librarians, etc. In addition to
that, the findings will hopefully reach potential beneficiaries through seminar presentation,
conferences, workshop, television and Radio talk show, articles in scholarly journals, etc. It is
also expected that the results of this study will make librarians in Superior court of records
libraries in Nigeria awake to their responsibilities which include availability of information
resources to national industrial court judges.
This is achievable when viewed from the perspective that this study will expose the
deficiency created due to little knowledge of judge’s information resources utilization and
problems hindering utilization of information resources and services by judges in the national
industrial court libraries. Librarians will realize where they need to readjust and where to
improve upon, especially getting re-skilled, and acquiring the professional competencies
required so that they situate themselves to become and remain relevant in the information
global age.

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In addition to the above, this research or study will be of benefit to lawyers not only ease
selection of relevant sources but facilitate timely access to the required legal resources.
Scholars will benefit on this through current information on research findings on national
industrial court libraries emanating from conferences, seminars etc. court registers will also
benefit from this study through information required for legal administration of national
industrial court system. Also, significant contribution will be made to researchers on the body
of literature which will serve as reference materials for further research work.
Definitely the researcher will find some aspect of the study useful and relevance to the
literature review when researching on similar study. Hopefully, this study will be significant
to court registrars as documentary evidence in planning, organizing, directing and controlling
their duties and other technical aspects of managing the court systems. Judges will benefit
from these findings in the aspect of courts libraries information provision and also serve as
precedent information to judges in law courts.
1.6 SCOPE AND DETERMINATION OF THE STUDY.
The study presents a view on special libraries which include corporate libraries, government
libraries, law libraries, medical libraries, museum libraries, news libraries. This study focused
on Availability and Utilization of Information Resources in Special Libraries; Industrial
Court Kano State.
The study was carried out only in national industrial high court library in Kano, Nigeria. The
reason for selecting the national industrial court from the two (2) superior court of record in
the state is that they have abundance of material for court library, and because it was easy to
gain access to the national industrial court library under study.
1.7 LIMITATION AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY.
The security and restrictive nature of the Nigeria judicial system the researcher was not able
to gain access to the 5 chambers of the court because of the security situation in the court.
The Abuja-Kaduna-Zaria-Kano road has been notorious for kidnappings of travellers this also
pose a treat to this research work.
1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS.
The following are the operational definition of terms for easy understanding:
1. Special libraries: is a library that provides specialized information resources on a
particular subject, serves a specialized and limited clientele, and delivers specialized
services to that clientele.
2. Availability of information resources: means ensuring their presence in libraries for
immediate use.
3. Information: Product of data resulting from the processing of data.
4. Use of information resources: The record of information resources Consulted in the
Library.
5. Information Resources: They are items that contain or carry information which include
books, periodicals; audio-visual materials provided for use and are arranged in a
systematic order for easy retrieval.
6. Information Services: These include means by which a librarian or information provider
makes service available which includes Selective dissemination of information, Current
Awareness Services, Library Exhibition and Displays.

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Literature review is aimed at examining earlier works or investigations carried out by
researchers in areas related to the study. The review of literature for this study has been
organized under the following sub- themes.
2.1 Concept and significant of special libraries.
2.2 Information in National industrial court of Nigeria library.
2.3 Information resources in National industrial court of Nigeria library.
2.4 Various services provided at National industrial court of Nigeria library.
2.5 Concept of utilization in National industrial court of Nigeria library.
2.6 Information resources utilization in National industrial court of Nigeria library.
2.7 The areas judges use information resources in National industrial court of Nigeria library.
2.8 Access tools for utilization of information resources in National industrial court of
Nigeria library.
2.9 Summary of the Literature Review.
2.1.1 Conceptual Framework.
2.1 CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANT OF SPECIAL LIBRARIES.
A special library is a type of library that serves a particular group or community, providing
resources, services, and programs that are tailored to the needs of its users. Special libraries
are typically focused on a specific subject or discipline, such as law, medicine, business, or
science. Essentially special collections need not contain many rare or expensive materials, but
the items in them are judged by the library which owns them to have some particular
attribute, individually or in conjunction with others, which distinguishes them from the items
to be found in the general collections.
2.2 INFORMATION IN NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COURT OF NIGERIA
LIBRARY.
Information is vital to human existence and sustenance. Information is life. Information
acquired from various authentic sources is needed for decision making, impacts on

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knowledge, makes people aware of their rights and privileges, and gingers citizens for action.
It is a resource for human survival just like land, labour, and capital. Starvation from
information may lead to death of activities. So, information should be made available and
accessible. Loose, in Ikola – Odongo and Mostert (2006), indicates that the term information
has been defined, understood and differently interpreted across various disciplines vocations
and professions.
Olurunfemi (2009) supports the view that people differently interpret the concept of
information. Olorun femi (2004) also posits that information is knowledge obtained from
investigation, study or instruction. The decision– makers such as politicians, governments,
managers, judges and so on perceive information as the process by which event of the
external world are conceived and thus provides opportunity to form judgments and make
decision on economic, education, moral and legal issues.
According to Folorunsho and Ibrahim (2005), information is a fact, an opinion or an idea
from any sources, which can give support to making adequate decisions. Information has also
been defined as “a property of matter, any message, document, or information resources; any
publicly available symbolic material; or any “data” (Smith and Mostert, 2004). Opeke (2003)
posits that information is vital element in decision – making while Buckland (2007) is of the
opinion that information is an input that reduces the level of uncertainty in decision making.
Thus, information is an important tool used in the realization of any goal set by an individual,
group, or organization. Robinson (2008) sees information as the increase in knowledge
obtained by the recipient by matching proper data elements to the variables of a problem. It is
thus, the aggregation or processing of data to provide knowledge or intelligence.
In another dimension, Ani (2007) defines information as “that knowledge or conceptual
context-which has to be perceived.” However, Bhardwaj and Shukla (2000) defines
information from the semantic view and pointed, “information is what is derived from the
data in the mind of the person receiving it. The information derived depends on the
relationship that the person generates in his mind between the sign (data) and the natural
object or condition represented by that sign.” This means that different people may derive
different information from the same set of data.
On the other hand, Babbie (2001) define information as “data that have been put into a
meaningful and useful context and communicated to a recipient who uses it to make
decisions.” Onadiran (2003) observed that it is in the recognized capacity of information to
bring significant structural change within a society that makes it so critical in the
development process. To produce the desired change in judges’ behaviour, the process by
which information get transferred from one source to another certainly deserves the utmost
attention.
Webber and Wright (2000) outline several features that determine the utility of information
such as novelty i.e. possessing the quality of being new, different and interesting, accurate
that is clarity of information, free from bias and accurately reflects the meaning of the data on
which it is based, thus conveying an accurate picture to the recipient.
Others when it is needed as a basis for a decision and lastly, relevance i.e. having bearing on
the matter at hand. These are features that judges take into consideration before making use
of information. Any information that does not possess these laudable features cannot be
acceptable by judges. With the above definitions of information, one can equally define

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information as knowledge of a particular fact or circumstance gained through
communication, research or instruction.
Judges and lawyers read a lot and spend more time in their libraries than any other
professionals, their requests are unpredictable and the search for information on any topic is
inexhaustible: information is sinequa non to legal profession, with which it can be operate
(Ogbebila, 2007). With this assertion information has become essential ingredient of judges’
decisions, thus they make use of legal information. Legal information is also an important
tool required in assisting judges in administration to decide cases in court of all jurisdictions.
Legal information is a valuable resource needed in the society of legal practitioners.
According to Okello – Obura (2007) legal information can be defined as the requirement or
right established by law, which resides in all electronics and written records. Legal
information consists of laws and rules, cases law and legal literature. Broadly – Preston and
Williams (2004) note that vitally, information plays a key role in organizational /judicial
efficiency, enabling firms to differentiate themselves from the competition, and improve their
competitive advantage.
Legal information according to Ejimofor (2001) is an embodying, inter – related or structured
data used for the practice of law, teaching and study of law as well as for the conduct of legal
research. Ikuoye (2000) emphasizes the importance of a library and legal collections to a
judge in the performance of his duties as well as the role of the librarian in getting
information from various sources.
He points out that law on the pages of papers has remained a difficult challenge to most
judges seeking legal authorities anywhere in the world. Nigeria judges to day have to contend
with both foreign and local publications which a serious problem is given the exponential
growth of knowledge and proliferation of law literature. He concludes that in the light of this,
judges in Nigeria should exploit the services of communication technology facilities as a way
of boosting acquisition of resources, as well as facilitating research undermining cost and
paucity of their resources.
Judges perception on legal information can be seen in information that governs the
relationship between citizens, this includes various relationships people have with one
another and rules that determine the rights and duties among themselves. Judges legal
information basically addresses legal matters concerning rights of citizens and how they are
supposed to leave with each other under the law. Examples of this include family legal
information, inheritance legal information, business legal information and tort legal
information. Information utilization is important for judges, who have access to many
dedicated legal information resources. But what are information resources?
2.3 INFORMATION RESOURCES IN NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COURT OF
NIGERIA LIBRARY.
One of the important functions of library is the use of its resources to provide information to
users. Ahiaizu (2002) notes that the library facilitates the use of library resources by a
particular user or group of users for defined purposes such as education, recreation,
awareness, decision making, management and research. The role of libraries as powerful
media for information communication, education and decision–making must be
acknowledged and recognized. Ojedokun (2007) posits that information resource is a term
often times mis-used and /or interchangeably used to mean information source.

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 Whereas information resources include data, the processes used to convert this into useful
information, the equipment and technology required to use this information and the people
involved in making best use of the information; information sources simply refer to where to
find information. Examples of information resources therefore include, but are not limited to,
computer hardware, computer software, computer networks, electronic files and data, people
and printed materials. The above description thus differentiates information resources from
information sources.
However, in some cases, information resources may also be an information source. A typical
example is people. Similarly, Chu (2009) defines information resources as materials
consulted for information on a topic. It involves various materials acquired in different forms
to provide information to the existing and potential users. Bopp and Smith (2001) categorized
information recourses based on their sources. The types of information sources are defined by
three characteristics of information primary, secondary and tertiary.
Information in its original form such as raw data or statistics that have been collected but not
yet analysed or first reports of research studies or eyewitness account of events is referred to
as Primary. This suggests that it has not been published elsewhere, or put into context,
interpreted or translated. However, when information is removed in some way from its
original form and repacked, it is referred to as secondary. It is information on earlier findings
or information providing commentary or opinion on an event. It may include: re – statements,
examinations, interpretations or translations.
But when past events are simply summarized or a statement is taken from previous articles,
such information is referred to as tertiary. Most of the reference sources used in the library
falls under this category. They include dictionaries, encyclopaedias, biographies, yearbooks,
hand books, fact books almanacs, etc.
Legal profession is a specialized and highly technical profession and this attribute has made
it the preserve of a professional body of practitioners. This has made it to be “different” from
any other professions. In the same vein, the contents of a law library are broadly divided into
two namely, “primary sources” and secondary sources”. Law itself for example. Acts of
parliament, Gazettes, Reports of cases, Digests, indexes, books of law rather than books on
law. Secondary “sources include: treatises, commentaries, journals and other types of
publications which are about law and are not in themselves sources of legal authority.
Typical examples include textbooks, supplements, loose– leaf publications, Encyclopaedias,
practice books, casebooks, periodicals, Bibliographies indexes reference materials. Dada
(2011) outline the legal information resources as collection of law text books, law reports,
legislations, law journals, law digests, government publications among others. Omekwu
(2007) in a similar manner category them as follows: legislation, law reports, law journals
and periodicals, digests, text books, Courts rules, government publication, loose-leaf
publication, reference materials, newspaper and magazines.
He further states that “Although the above list is not exhaustive, what is however evident is
that information resources in law libraries are diverse in nature, and in content derivable from
different constituencies internal or external to the organizational environment. These
resources are deployed to deliver information-based solution to the organizational
environment”. The judicial libraries lay more emphasis on statues and law reports for
effective dispensation of justice. The emphasis on law textbooks is minimal as they are
hardly used as judicial authorities. Most importantly, judicial libraries are set to cater for the
information needs of judges. Therefore, they make use of the collection to keep abreast with

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the practice of the courts, prepare and administer cases in the court. Also, members of the
bench essentially use them (unpublished judgments and edicts etc) as doctrine of precedence
in writing for their judgments (court decisions).
Judges’ information requirements are imperative in view of the fact that they need to make
effective use of the library and information resources and services, which is relevant to their
judgment. Igbeka (2009) corroborate that information centres or libraries are the best agent to
provide information sources and services. Judges require library information resources and
services. Judges require library information resources and services to effectively cope with
the workload of their judgment.
Wali (2002) asserts that large number of organizations/agencies and judges are involved in
generating a lot of information today. Consequently, information resources are being
produced in a variety of formats which therefore calls for effective planning and coordination
of information management which should recognize the relevance of information technology.
Establishing an effective information services therefore requires the “creation of
infrastructures as well as integrating a wide range of information handling activities and
technology”.
The emergence of information communication technology (ICT) in Nigeria is gradually
transforming the traditional manual method of processing and retrieving information in
libraries. This new development is significantly altering the work of information
professionals and ways judges can obtain information in libraries. Accordingly, Anderson
(2005) notes that with the growth of the internet and availability of vast amount of
information is instant, a librarian, role must be one of the critical thinking and resource-based
learning. In view of these and the fact that no other innovation has impacted the library
profession to such a great extent as the internet and other net worked resources, it has become
necessary to be included in court libraries. Information technology is another internet tool
that permits users to browse and obtain information on the internet with little or no difficulty.
Griffith and smith (2004) define the term “information super highway” as a “system that
involves telecommunication infrastructure that will link homes, business, schools, hospitals
and libraries to one another and to a vast array of electronic information recourses.” It also
involves using data base of information typically of bibliographic, books, archives, and many
related internet databases. Nwidum (2006) states that the term “technology” is used without
the plural maker (ies), it generally means the phenomenon of innovation in the information
and communication industry.
But when pluralized, it refers to the various technology devices. In that case, each of the
devices is a technology. Mansell and Silver stone, in Bosire (2011:55), indicates that ICTs are
electronic networks, which consist of hardware and software that are linked by a vast array of
technical protocols. ICTs are imbedded in networks and services that affect the local and
global accumulation of the general flow of knowledge (Bosire 2011).
Therefore, ICTs can be said to be the electronic tools used for gathering and storing
information for easy access by users. There is need for court libraries to shift from the
traditional form of providing manual services to the electronic form, through ICT Channels,
for effective and efficient information dissemination services delivery to clients. Nwachukwu
(2004) clearly observed that with all the changes in information and the processes of access,
storage, transmission, and reproduction, libraries and librarians must adapt to new roles and
skills to cope with change.

13
In the information society as seen in advanced countries like America, library collection
consists of digital resources which are no longer accessed only within the library’s opening
hours. The concept of the “library” itself is changing physical building include electronic,
digital and virtual collections that could be accessed from anywhere. For our court libraries
and librarians to cope with the challenges of the 21st century integration and use Information
Communication Technology facilities in the library, the appearance of ICT on the global
scene which is the major revolution that unveiled the information has caused a revolution in
libraries and all service providing industries.
Similarly, technology in the new information era has affected library work and roles of
librarians in so many ways such that the very concept of library itself is changing from just a
collection of books housed in a building and made available to users. These changes need to
be felt in Nigerian court libraries like most of their counterparts in advanced countries and
even some private legal practitioners’ libraries here in Nigeria. This is to enable them provide
relevant resources and service to their contemporary users. To address the challenges posed
by this development, these libraries need to beef up the knowledge and skills of their
librarians and other support staff through training.
The application of information and communication Technologies (ICT) to library operations
in this 21st century has remained inevitable, incontestable and incontrovertible. That is why
court libraries in Nigeria are making frantic efforts to computerize their operations. In the
present climate of increasing technology decreasing budgets and over worked staff, court
libraries will have to re-evaluate the programmes and services offered to both their judges
and staff (Gerrard, 2000). ICT has had a great impact on provision and utilization in many
court libraries through the access of a wide variety of resources and many powerful tools with
which to search for resources.
ICT has transformed text-based information into a digital format. Its availability online has
improved the information seeking environment of users, thereby allowing them to overcome
many information barriers, such as feasibility, accessibility, efficiency in time, space and so
on (Oh and Albraight, 2004). The need for ICT skills by judges in retrieving electronic
information cannot be over emphasized because it is necessary for the successful dispensation
of justices. Mugwisi and Ocholla, Cited in Nkomo, Ocholla and Jacobs (2011), with regard to
judges and lawyers, the use of the internet provides a cheap and easy way of communication
that is widely accessible from any location.
The internet also provides various modern information services for judges, researchers,
scholars, legal practitioners and students in the legal discipline. Omekwu (2001) has pointed
out that what is required of librarians is an understanding of the changing trends in ICT and
reposition them for greater relevance in the knowledge age. Meanwhile, Khan and Bhati
(2011) studied the information utilization of judges. The survey reveals that most of the
respondents claim that ICT has made their information utilization easier, while a few of the
respondents rate their information retrieval skill as poor.
It is suggested that computer training and internet services should be provided to the judges
to improve their computer skills. High court library automation is essential; this is because
the extensive use of mechanical, electronic or micro-electronic equipment to perform the
basic functions and activities associated with the libraries are highly recommendable. The
computers are of great significance with the advancement of telecommunication and
reprography technologies in library automation. They offer adversative tool for organization
and retrieval of information.

14
Finally, the emergence of the digital frontiers has institutional implications for court libraries
and provides professional challenges to legal information professionals or court librarians.
Court libraries especially those of developing countries need institutional repositioning to
welcome electronic legal information resources, and introduce services and systems that
enable access to global or networked legal information. Court librarians need to re-evaluate
their skill and relevance in applying conventional and their current ICT skills in order to meet
the information needs of the judge’s system from internal and external or networked
resources and ensure proper utilization of information resources in court libraries.
To summarize the above concept, information resources include judicial decisions, and all
documentations leading to those decisions. They also cover law reports case law, law journals
and book, official gazettes, digest, court rules and in some cases, newspapers and magazines.
What is evident from the broad varieties of legal information resources is that they emanate
from a variety of sources. Secondly, they are conveyed in various media. They need
systematization and organization in order to be retrieved. This retrieval can only be achieved
through the means of library services. But then, what are services?
2.4 VARIOUS SERVICES PROVIDED BY INDUSTRIAL COURT.
One of the fundamental roles of a librarian has been the provisions of services to the users of
the library. This includes the collection of materials and the organization of the material for
effective use. Some attempt must be made to define as specifically as possible the library’s
view of what is meant by “services”. Mohammed (2006) defines the term “services” as
ethical commitment to do the best you can to help anyone who needs your expertise. The
concept of service ordinarily encompasses the collection of materials and the organization of
the materials for effective use.
In another breath, the idea of service is capable of being given different interpretations to
meet different situations. Switzer (2005) defines “service” as one of those “nebulous word
which imply a lot but have different meanings to different people”. According to her, it could
mean an ethical commitment to do the best you can or do as much as you can to help anyone
who needs your expertise among other things. Dada (2011) expresses his view that “if the
concept of services is the pivot upon which librarianship and most importantly law
librarianship is hinged, it then stands to reason to regard the provision of services as one of
the most important services in a law library setting is synonymous with skill and professional
competence”.
The law librarian in the discharge of his responsibilities should be a master of his collection.
He should possess adequate knowledge of the basic legal sources and the salient components
of his collection in order to be able to foster autonomy and confidence, both of which are
essential attributes of a given profession. There is thus the need always to keep abreast of not
only the trends in the nation’s laws but also the various changes and modifications in the
international spheres.
It is therefore pertinent upon the librarian to provide specific assistance in searching and
location of documents plus assistance in the provision of information services in a special
library set up obliges the librarians to involve in finding answers for the clients’ information
needs. Aina (2003), states some of these services as selection dissemination of information
(SDI), General reference services routing of current service periodicals (RCSP) among
services. Law libraries all over the world are known for effective library services and have
always been guided by the principle of the right books or information to the right reader and
at the right time.

15
This is more so with law libraries in common law countries, in which recent court decisions,
latest editions of reference books, new legislation as they are published are essential tools for
effective law library services to enhance the rule of law. Omekwu (2007) stresses that the
delivery of information–based solutions to its immediate publics must be central to the
services of the law library.
It mirrors the law library as a problem-solving centre. It is a place for information conflict
resolution. The measure of the value of an information services in law libraries must go
beyond the convention of provision of books, journals or other legal information resources.
He further categories information services as follows: CAS-Current Awareness service, SDI-
Selective dissemination information, RS- Reference services, IAS-Indexing and abstracting
services, GF-Gazette filing, LA-Law Amendment, LR-Legal research, RL-reading list.
The information service in high court libraries should recognize a mixture that has tradition
of pragmatism, progressiveness, profitability, pro-activeness and combine with the
organizational environment. Bamgboye (2007) in his paper enumerated the various services
court libraries would be required to provide. They are: general reference services, note – up
services or legal amendment, routing of current periodicals issuance of library bulletins
indexing and abstracting services, procurement distribution and indexing of law reports,
inter- library loan services and so on.
Librarians, (Ngozi 2007: 63; Dada, 2011: 37; Smith and Mostert, 2004:114) discuss these
services in details. Law library services are numerous and diversified in nature depending on
the prevailing circumstances. These librarians pointed out that law library services practiced
by judiciary libraries include the following: note-up service, current awareness services,
routing of current journals, Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI), abstracting and
indexing services, compilation of bibliographies and reading lists, library bulletin, index to
newspaper articles, reported judgments and conference papers, digital law library services.
The reference librarian is the middle man between the reader and the right book.
He is able to direct users to possible sources, to bibliographic tools, that are guides to the
literature on the subject and thus save the time of the library user from and less search. The
reference unit performs a crucial role in provision of information resources and services in
court libraries. The level of reference services provided is very high and personalized and
varies from giving factual answer to direct questions, locating specific facts or to searching
the literature available which many results in compiling a list of everything written on a given
subject of law. Another form of general reference service is the scanning of peripheral
journals around law subjects since many subjects overlap each other.
Greer and Hale (2009) assert that libraries provide services on three levels: passive, reactive
and assertive (proactive). A passive collection lies in wait for the chance user; a reactive
library is one that takes time to know its primary clienteles, anticipates the needs of the users
and consults with them regarding material acquisition. It is the goal of court libraries to be
efficiently reactive at all times and proactive whenever possible. Advances in ICT have
brought new tools to play in service delivery in legal information. How does ICT play this
role?
Those that are open to the public may offer services similar to research, reference, public,
academic, or children's libraries, often with restrictions such as only lending books to patients
at a hospital or restricting the public from parts of a military collection.

16
2.5 UTILIZATION OF LIBRARY IN NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COURT OF
NIGERIA.
Basically, National Industrial Court Library resources are materials that Court judges consult
in making decisions when deciding on a case and also for problem solving as well. The
utilization of NICN Court Library resources and services is thus indispensable to the NICN
Court judges in order to achieve their justice objective. However, information resources of a
NICN Court Library can influence its utilization by judges. Literature has revealed that
information provision does not mean accessibility and utilization therefore; NICN court
library are to market their resources and services to attract judges (Popoola, 2001).
Utilization of information resources and services is the extent to which the resources and
services of the NICN library are actually used for decision making, learning and research.
The extent to which information resources and services are utilized in NICN library is usually
captured by the NICN library statistics which is compiled on daily basis by the NICN library
staff. It is therefore, becomes pertinent that in order to gauge the extent to which NICN
library resources and services are utilized, the NICN library staff must be proactive in
providing statistics of usage on daily basis (Abubakar and Salamatu, 2014).
NICN information resources constitute a range of materials and equipment gathered by the
NICN library in order to meet the information needs of both intended and anticipated judges.
Aliyu (2006) corroborate this view when the author argued that NICN information resources
are made up of a variety of materials which information could be stored, retrieved and
disseminated for utilization.
Specifically, NICN information resources include such things as books, law journals, law
periodicals, Dictionaries, Bibliographies, Indexing and abstracting and all related materials in
print format, information and communication technology (ICT) and related electric gadgets
which store or provide information worldwide without any serious geographical barrier
capable of satisfying the diverse information needs of judges. Bitagi and Udoudou (2013)
argued that the provision of all forms and types of information resources in NICN library is
highly imperative if this NICN library is to meet with the information needs of judges in their
NICN.
Information services in NICN library are utilized when various ways and means by which
NICN librarians provide, organize, store, retrieve and disseminate information to judges and
or judges place his or her value intellects on the services, then see it valuable make use of it.
Information services offered by NICN library depends to a great extent on the quality and
experience of the NICN librarians. It is in relation to this analysis that Aju and Ape (2011)
noted that NICN libraries are concerned with the acquisition, processing, storage, retrieval
and dissemination of recorded information for the purpose of judges, consultation and
utilization.
Cox and Janti (2013) identified utilization as an activity which measures the worth of an item
to a library or information system. Utilization is therefore, the single criterion which could be
used to determine the reason for retaining a document within the collection of a NICN
library, and utilization is essential in guiding the collection development effort of the NICN
to adequately finance their NICN library or not. Consequently, the need to utilize information
resources and services of NICN library is to enhance the attainment of the justice objectives
of their court systems.

17
2.6 INFORMATION RESOURCES UTILIZATION IN NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL
COURT OF NIGERIA.
Libraries and information centres are maintained for utilization. To make the library and
information services effective, an adequate knowledge about the users, their needs, wants,
and demands is necessary. It is imperative for librarians to know:
 Who among the potential users make use of the library and information resources;
 What resources are being used?
 For what purpose these resources are being used.
Equally important for the librarians or the information scientists to know are as to how the
non-users of the library can be transformed into regular users. Still more important for them
to know is how far their library fits into the total system of information communication. For
planning library and information services or for their improvement or for maximizing the
impact of these resources, it is necessary to find out about the users and their information
requirements as also their habits.
The information needs of different categories of readers are not the same in nature; they
differ qualitatively, quantitatively and geographically. It results from the recognition of some
perceived need by the user who in turn place demand on the information centre or some
persons in order to satisfy the perceived needs. Thus, the area of information utilization and
needs pattern assumes special significance. This is an area of active interest among the
librarians and information scientist. Talking about information utilization, Malumfashi (2001)
asserts that the utilization of information to a large extent depends on the efforts put in place
by the information scientist in organizing information resources at the right time for the
timely use by judges.
Similarly, Hamza (2001) who sees information as a tool for power, development and
efficiency and that judge’s demand current, factual and up–to–date information as no court of
law can dispense a case justly without adequate information on the case or in relation to the
case. In another development, Aina (2004) state that the library provides user education in
order to equip a user with enough knowledge on the utilization of library. This will enable the
user to utilize the library resources effectively and efficiently.
This is because library process could be so complex that an average user may not easily
comprehend. With the advent of information technology, which has penetrated almost all the
activities of many libraries, it is important to explain the workings of a library to a new user
in detail. The ultimate objective for court library to engage in user education is to enable
users exploit the resources of a library to the fullest. Through user education the user is able
to get any information he/she desires as well as developing the skills to use the resources of
the library independently.
However, Akimbola (2007) emphasizes that the more serious user requires skills and
knowledge for more in-depth use of the library resources. A well planned and executed
programme of user instruction provides these skills and knowledge. This programme will
impact skills and knowledge required to use the library catalogues to be able to locate books,
pamphlets and so on, to use some standard bibliographic references. The utilization of the
library depends on availability of suitable material for users.
Use study is a method of analysis of the interaction between the client and the resources. It
measures the adequacy of the resources and services of a library. The objective of the library

18
is to maximize the exposure of the users to the resources. The identification of what is needed
by users at all levels and getting the resources needed to the clienteles are in the major
concerned of a librarian. To this end, the main objective of a library is to cover for the
information requirement of its users providing adequate and suitable information resources.
Suitable and adequate information resources provide facts that form the basis for judicial
court decisions.
The assumption of most use studies in libraries have been that the adequacy of the
information resources and services are directly related to its use by library clients. Amkpa
(2000) sees user study as a vital aid for effective planning and management of libraries.
Similarly, Oyesikau (2002) noted that effective use of the library is one of the principle
objectives of establishing collections. To this end use study provide objective data to evaluate
the avenue for the development of talents and potential capabilities of humans needs. These
needs may relate to research, educational, recreational and legal profession is an information
reliant discipline.
Hence, it requires information in all aspects of its practice and scholarship. Rugambwa
(2010) consider use as “what an individual actually uses. It is a result of information seeking,
browsing or accidental discovery.” Information has to be gathered, processed for it to be
useful. Chopra and Banerjee (2005) pointed out that no planning and development can take
place without information. He stressed that all development is based on effective utilization
of information. Accordingly, Pomeranantz and Luo (2006) stated that information utilization
leads to an increase in knowledge and understandings of a phenomenon. In the same vein,
Goldman (2008) noted that an individual who reads, view, listen or browse on an information
resources is using those materials in the expected way. That is to say an expressed demand
has been satisfied and use has taken place.
However, for information to be utilized effectively, it has to be systematically collected,
organized and must be readily provided for users on demand.
2.7 INFORMATION RESOURCES USE IN NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL COURT OF
NIGERIA BY JUDGES.
The judge is the pillar of our entire justice system. Judges play many roles. They interpret the
law, assess the evidence presented, and control how hearings and trials unfold in their
courtrooms. They are impartial decision-makers in the pursuit of justice. The judge however,
remains above the fray, they provide an independent and impartial assessment of the facts
and how the law applies to those facts to determine whether a civil claim has been established
on a balance of probabilities or whether there is proof beyond reasonable doubts, in criminal
cases, that the suspect is guilty (Sofola, 2014).
Judges are known for maintaining the highest standards of integrity in both tier professional
and personal lives. With the sound knowledge that judges have, many of them undertake
researches in various branches of law, and able to write decisions that are clear and cogent.
Some of their judgments are sound, and in many occasions, they make informed decisions
that will stand up to close scrutiny. Sofola (2014) stresses that in Nigeria a judge does not
limit himself to a particular area, be it national industrial court judge or any other courts of
authority.
He further notes that any information resources accessed by a judges or judges of the court
are mainly used in adjudication of justice hence judges are called general adjudicators,

19
meaning that they use information resources from the national industrial court library to any
area of law that has a specific case based on these areas of law.
Areas of judges’ information resources utilization can be discussed thus: civil law is an area
where judges’ information resources utilization is seen. Any dispute that is related to
contractual agreements and such can be classified under civil law. In other words, any dispute
that does not involve criminal charges falls under this category of area that judges in the court
use information resources accessed in national industrial court library. Secondly, criminal law
is another important area of law that judges in national industrial court are interested in.
Any dispute that concerns a crime committed against public authority or other citizens’ falls
under it. Along with civil law, this is one of the broad classifications under which an offense
can be placed. Murder, theft, driving under the influence and other such violations fall under
it, and are handled by a competent high court criminal judge specialist. Judges regard
property law as an area whereby ownership and disputes need to be provided with adequate
information resources for use.
In the ownership and disputes regarding property ownership, this will be dealt with under the
property law status. It is important to understand the difference between movable and
immovable property here. Movable property is one’s personal possessions, while immovable
refers to real estate and land. This area deals with the issues regarding immovable property.
Egwummuo (2003) states that law of obligations popularized the areas of judge’s information
resources utilization in court system.
He further explained that law of obligations consist in the general part and the special part
and regulates everything related to obligations that result in the liability to an act or omission
on the part of one person (debtor) to ansother (creditor), as well as the right of the creditor to
demand that the debtor discharge the liability. The law of obligations Act that recently came
into effect also regulates non-contractual relationships. Administrative law is an area of law
that judge’s information resources utilization is greatly taken seriously by librarian. This law
regulates the activity of public authorities, the procedure of their formation, their powers, and
relationships with citizens, liability for violating administrative law, etc.
Administrative matters are to be resolved pursuit to administrative procedure in
administrative court. Complaints and protests concerning an order, directive, prescript or
legislation issued under public law by an institution, official or another person performing
public administrative functions in order to regulate an individual case are to be resolved in
administrative court. Certain area of judge’s information resources utilization is in press. The
press and media enjoy the benefits of freedom of speech, but there are certain rules and
regulations to be adhered to here as well.
This deals with the liberties and powers enjoyed by the media, and it also governs the copy
righting issue of intellectual property rights. Under this area of judge’s information resources
utilization, sale of goods law is also part of this area of information use. Sale of goods law is
the set of legal rules regarding the sale and purchase of goods. There needs to be a proper
system in place to enable the smooth transaction of goods and services, and the sale of goods
law is the set of regulations one refers to if any disputes arise.
Along with these areas that are mentioned, here are some more areas that high court judges
utilize their information resources provided by librarians of national industrial court library.
These areas are: family law, law of torts, corporate law, defamation law and excise law. All
these go hand in hand and work simultaneously to enable the smooth functioning of society.

20
People who break these laws are dealt with accordingly, and this is what keeps our society
working.
2.8 ACCESS TOOLS FOR UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN
NICN LIBRARY.
Every day, over one thousand new information resources are published worldwide, and tens
of thousands of different law journals are circulated. There is therefore frustration brought
about by not knowing for certain if information required exists and where to find it. The
research process which requires a judge to find information on a particular subject or topic
depends on the judges’ skilful use of the appropriate access tools.
An access tool is a resource, the sole purpose of which is to lead the judge to particular type
of information sources. These tools lead the user to information because they perform the
invaluable task of organizing information in a formal, systematic way. Thus, information
becomes accessible. Without information access tools, the plethora of information that exists
on most topics would be a hopelessly disorganized jumble, and carefully planned research
would be totally impossible. When using an access tool, the judge will be provided with the
specific information he/she needs in order to find what he/she is after, usually a law journal
or a book. This specific information is called a bibliographic record, and usually consists of
author, title and publication information.
Bibliographic records area also sometimes called bibliographic citations, bibliographic entries
or bibliographic reference. Once an access tool has been used to come up with a relevant list
of citations, then the actual article can be found, whether it be in the high court libraries,
another library or through the world wide web using the computer. Access tools are indexes
and abstracts, bibliographic, catalogues and web search tools (web subject directories and
web search engines). An index does not provide the information sought; it merely indicates
where it can be found. Indexes are therefore reference tools that “point to” piece of
information located within a document.
Unlike a library’s catalogue, the domain of an index is unrelated to the library’s collection.
Abstracts are another access tool common to national industrial court library. It is defined as
a brief paragraph that summaries. It is defined as a brief paragraph that summaries the key
points and findings of the periodical article itself, in addition to providing the basic citation.
Abstracts are very useful for determining whether the article is likely to contain the kinds of
information one needs, without having to go through the process of locating the complete
article most indexes and abstracts are now available as online computer databases that offer
more powerful searching capabilities and enable the user to cover many years with a single
search. Catalogues are another tools used in national industrial court library.
A catalogue in the broader sense of the term is a list of items in a particular inventory.
Catalogues consist of entries representing items in the collection. Catalogues are designed to
link the user with the items he or she needs. Entries for each item in the inventory are usually
accompanied by brief description. A catalogue of a library’s collection serves the same
purpose. It is a file of records for the information sources in a library’s collection (List,
2001). Another important access tool used in national industrial court library are
bibliographies. These are in two groups those that are concerned with the listing of books and
other documents, and those that are concerned with the study of books as physical object
(Penka, 2001).

21
 However, in the context of this book, we are concerned with the first group. These are
compilations of citation to books, articles and other publications by or about a person or on a
particular topic. That is, they are not just of books but of any media (Lanning and Bryner,
2004). Bibliographies bring order out of chaos. Web search tools are tools that help high
court judges on the internet, using the World Wide Web (WWW). There are currently a
number of internet search tools that help judges in high court find and retrieve information on
the internet.
The keys to finding information on the internet are search engines. Access tools facilitate the
provision and utilization of information resources and services in national industrial court
library immensely.
2.9 SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW.
The literature reviewed for this study focused on review of literature under the conceptual
framework, such concepts as: Information in national industrial court library, information
resources in national industrial court library, concept of services, concept of utilization in
national industrial court library, information resources utilization in national industrial court
library, the areas of judges information resource use in national industrial court library as
well as access tools for utilization of information resources in national industrial court library.
The scope of most of the literature reviewed are either too narrow to cover the area of the
present study. However, available related empirical studies specifically reviewed left gaps in
dealing with key issues in respect to availability and utilization of information resources and
services. Many studies focused on professional. Effectiveness of legal practitioners and
assessment of resources, availability and utilization are left out. This motivates the zeal of the
title “availability and utilization of information resources and services in national industrial
court library” where little or no similar research has not been carried out before this.
2.1.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.
A conceptual framework is a schematic model that helps to illustrate the expected
relationship between cause and effect (Toolshero, 2013). The representation of an anticipated
relationship between the topical variable serves as the study's conceptual framework. A
general literature review of the relevant studies and theories will serve as the foundation for
its development.
Moreover, the conceptual framework serves as a navigational tool for researchers, aiding in
the identification of gaps in current knowledge and informing the formulation of hypotheses.
It functions as a lens through which the researcher can interpret empirical findings,
facilitating a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms at play. By delineating the
conceptual boundaries, the framework not only brings clarity to the research design but also
assists in the selection of appropriate methodologies, data sources, and analytical techniques.
In essence, it is a dynamic roadmap that evolves as the study progresses, guiding researchers
in refining their focus and contributing to the advancement of scholarly discourse in the field.
In summary, the conceptual framework provides a structured blueprint for understanding the
key variables under investigation and their interconnections. By synthesizing insights from
existing literature, it not only establishes a theoretical foundation but also guides the research
methodology and analysis. This systematic approach enhances the study's coherence and
enables researchers to explore, interpret, and communicate the intricacies of the proposed
cause-and-effect relationships within the chosen subject area.

22
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CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION.

This chapter describes the research methodology and research design that was used for this
study. This was divided into the following sub headings:

3.1 Research methodology

3.2 Research design

3.3 Population of study

3.4 Sample size and sampling technique

3.5 Instrument for data collection

3.6 Validation of the instrument

3.7 Method of data collection

3.8 Methods of data analysis

3.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.

32
Researchers follow procedures to obtain data according to a specific topic. Botan et al. (2000)
stated that research methods are particular strategies used by researchers to collect evidence
essential to build and test theories. Silverman (2005, p. 112) points out that right or wrong
methods do not exist; ‘only methods that are appropriate to your research topic’. Benbasat
(1984) explains that choosing a research method depends on numerous factors such as the
nature of the research topic, length of time, and budget available.
However, many contests the term research method. Numerous terms can refer to the research
method: research approach (Galliers, 1992), research strategy (Oates, 2006), and
methodology (Cornford and Smithson, 1996). According to the Oxford English Dictionary
(OED Online), method ‘is a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity’.
Thus, clearly defining one’s terms is important, especially in multidisciplinary research such
as HCI, ISB (part of Library and Information Science), and IS (Information Systems of the
Libraries called the Integrated Library System).
These disciplines employ similar research methods; for example, each one uses interviews
and focus groups to collect qualitative data in case studies. To avoid misunderstanding,
Saunders et al.’s (2012) research onion adopted, which is a framework that can provide an
efficient sequence through which a research methodology can be designed. They categorized
it in six layers; Philosophies, Approaches, Methodological Choice, Strategies, Time
Horizons, Techniques and Procedures. In the following sections and sub-sections, these
aspects are each considered and explained, and the methods used in this research are detailed
and justified.
This study will adopt quantitative research method; quantitative research method is a theory
of conducting a research developed by the paradigm of positivism and post positivism
schools of thought. It is the type of method in which the researcher decide what to study, ask
specific but narrowed questions, collect the data in quantifiable manner and analysis the data
using statistics in an unbiased but objective manner. While qualitative is the type of
theoretical assumption that emerged from the philosophical assumptions of interpretivism and
constructivism schools of thought. It is the type of method that allows the researcher to rely
on the view of the respondents rather than using quantifiable data. This type of method allow
the researcher to ask broad and general questions by collecting data consisting of words, text,
narrative etc. and analysis the data in subject manner.
Characteristics of quantitative research include the following

1. A data gathering instruments that contain items that solicit measurable characteristics
of the population (e.g. age, the number of children, educational status, economic
status).
2. Standardized, pre-tested instruments guide data collection thus ensuring the accuracy,
reliability and validity of data.
3. For more reliable data analysis, a normal population distribution curve is preferred
over a non-normal distribution. This requires a large population, the numbers of
which depend on how the characteristics of the population vary. This requires
adherence to the principle of random sampling to avoid researcher’s bias in
interpreting the results that defeat the purpose of research.
4. The data obtained using quantitative methods are organized using tables, graphs, or
figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show trends, relationships, or
differences among variables. These fosters understanding to the readers or clients of
the research investigation.

33
 5. Researchers can repeat the quantitative method to verify or confirm the findings in
another setting. This reinforces the validity of ground-breaking discoveries or findings
thus eliminating the possibility of spurious or erroneous conclusions.
6. Quantitative models or formula derived from data analysis can predict outcomes. If-
then scenarios can be constructed using complex mathematical computations with the
aid of computers.
7. Advanced digital or electronic instruments are used to measure or gather data from
the field.
8. There is a single reality that can be defined by careful measurement.
9. It is usually concise.
10. It describes, examines relationships, and determines causality among variables, where
possible. Statistical analysis is conducted to reduce and organise data, determine
significant relationships and identify differences and/or similarities within and
between different categories of data.
11. The sample should be representative of a large population.
12. Reliability and validity of the instruments are crucial.
13. Comprehensive data collected by employing different methods and/or instruments
should result in a complete description of the variable or the population studied.
14. It provides an accurate account of characteristics of particular individuals, situations,
or groups.
3.2 RESEARCH DESIGN OF THE STUDY.
The descriptive survey research design was employed for the conduct of this study. Nworgu
(2006) defined descriptive survey design as those studies which aim at collecting data on, and
describing in systematic manner, the characteristics, feature or facts about a given population.
This design was appropriate for this study as the study described the main situation regard to
availability and utilization of information resources and services in national industrial court
of Nigeria library without interference by the researcher. The choice of this design was
informed by its successful adoption in empirical studies on the availability and utilization of
information resources and services of the Shar’ah court libraries in the states of Northern
Nigeria by (Aliyu, 2005). Area of the Study The area of the study is North-West geo-political
Zone of Nigeria.
3.3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY.
Population can be simply defined as the total number of people having some identified
characteristics in common that is of interest to the researcher and thus, makes them suitable
for a particular study. The population targeted for use in this study comprises of the library
staff ranging from professional to supporting staff. The users include Judges of the court,
lawyers and other authorized persons. However, the number of users varies from time to
time.
3.4 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE.
The sample of this study includes the law librarian who is the head of the library. Ten users
will be selected randomly. Thus, visited to the library will be consider and whoever is present
will be used as respondent.
3.5 INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION.
Three instruments will be used for data collection in this study. These are: a structured
questionnaire titled “Availability and Utilization of Information Resources in Special

34
Libraries; Industrial Court Kano State Questionnaire (AUIRSLICKSQ), interview and
observation checklist. The instruments will be constructing by the researcher based on the
research questions formulated to guide the study.
 Part I has (DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF THE RESPONDENTS) contains
only 3 items; namely name of National Industrial Court of Nigeria Library, Highest
academic qualification and years of experience as a judge. Section C (types of
information services provided) was designed to show types of information services
provided in court library to judges. There will be 4 responses of: Very High Used
(VHU), High Used (HU) Very Low Used (VLU) and Low Used (LU)
 Part II is divided into six sections, A-G reflecting the research questions. Section A
(types of information resources available) will be designed to indicate the types of
information provided to judges. There will be 4 responses options of; Strongly Agree
(SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) which were assigned
weightings as 4, 3, 2, 1 respectively.
 These options were intended to show the level to which respondents were provided
with information resources. Section B (method for the provision of the information
resources) will be designed to show the methods for information resources provided.
There will be 4 responses options of; Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D)
and Strongly Disagree (SD).
 Section C (types of information services provided) will be designed to show types of
information services provided in high court libraries to judges. There are 4 responses
of: Very High Used (VHU), High Used (HU) Very Low Used (VLU) and Low Used
(LU).
 Section D (modes of access tools for utilization of information resources) will be
designed to indicate mode of access for utilization of information resources. There are
4 responses options of; Very Great Used (VGU), Great Used (GU) Low Used (LU)
and Not Used (NU).
 Section E (areas judges use information resources) will be designed to indicate areas
judge use information resources. There are 4 responses options of; Strongly Agree
(SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD).
 Section F treated items on problems associated with provision and utilization of
information resources, twenty-one items on problems associated with provision and
utilization of information resources in NICN court library
3.6 VALIDATION OF THE INSTRUMENT.
To ensure the face validity of the instrument, the researcher will present the questionnaire to
two lecturers in the Department of library and information sciences who were versed in
research. They will be requested to critically examine the sets of questions to determine their
clarity and appropriateness. Their constructive criticisms will lead to modifications and
refining of the instruments. Accordingly, some of the purposes of the study and consequently
the research questions will be restructuring. Multiple and repetition of questions will be
expunged for lack of comprehension to the research questions.
The response mode will be adjusted from a purely 4-point of strongly agree, agree, disagree
and strongly disagree which are only opinion-based.
3.7 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION.
The structured questionnaire will be administered to 3 judges and library staff in the NICN
court library selected for the study. The researcher with the help of research assistants to

35
whom the copies of the questionnaire will be send, administer the questionnaire to the
respondents and will be collect them back within the period of between two to seven days.
The structured interview will be conducted by the researcher.
3.8 METHODS OF DATA ANALYSIS.
Data collected with the questionnaire will be analysed using mean, frequencies and
percentages. A rating scale will be used to determine the mean scores of respondents to the
items in Sections A, B, C, D, E, F and G of the questionnaire. The cut-off point for the
responses will be obtained by adding the values in the scale (1+2+3+4=10) and dividing by 4
to obtain a mean of 2.50. Any item ranked from 2.50 and above will be regarded as positive
(agree), while any one below 2.50 will be regarded as negative (disagree). The scores given
to any item will be computed by adding the values of the ratings by the respondents. The data
collected using the interviews will be presented in prose form following the interpretation of
the analysed data in the questionnaire. The observation check list will also present in a table.

REFERANCES
Ananekwe, M.C. (2002). Basic Research methods and statistics in Education and social
sciences. Onitsha: Sofie Publicity and printed limited.

Eboh, A.E. (2009). Research in Education Ibadan: Onibonoje publishers..

List, C. (2001). Introduction to information research. Dubuque, Lowa: Kendall/Hunt

Publishing company.

Nworgu, B.G. (2006). Education Research: Basic issues and methodology. Ibadan: wisdom

Webber, I & Wright, C. (2000). Accessing and sharing Research information in the ASEAN
region: Malaysia’s perspective. 5-11. Zawislak, A. (2009). The role of information in
Poland’s industrial reform. ASLIB Proc., 44(1

36
 CHAPTER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSIONS

4.0 INTRODUCTION

This section presents data obtained through a self-administered questionnaire that was

distributed to NICN staff in the library. The questionnaire addressed the research questions

listed in Chapter one.

Hundred questionnaires were administered to the client, and sixty seven were retrieved

ensuring a hundred percent rate. This can be seen in the following presentation and analysis

of the date.

37
4.1 QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES

Table 4.1.1 Gender of the respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage %

Male 45 67.1

Female 22 32.9

Total 67 100%

The table 4.1.1 shows that 45 respondents representing 67.1 % of the total respondents were

male, while 22 respondents representing 32.9 % were female. This means that majority of the

library users are male.

TABLE 4.2 AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

18 – 29 25 37.1%

30 – 39 40 59.7%

40 – 49 2 2.9%

50 and above 0 0%

Total 67 100%

38
Table 4.2. shows that 25 (37.1%) of the respondents were between 18-29 of ages, 40 (59.7%)

of the respondents were from 30-39 of ages and 2 (2.9%) of the respondents are between 40-

49 of ages. This means that the dominant respondent’s ages are between 30 – 39 respectively.

Table 4.2.2 Highest educational qualification

Educational qualification Frequency Percentage (%)

Masters 3 4.5%

Degree 15 22.3%

HND 10 14.9%

ND/NCE 35 52.2%

SSCE 4 5.9%

Total 67 100%

Table 4.2.2 shows that 3 representing (4.5%) of the respondents have masters, 15 (22.3%) of

the respondents have degree, 10 (14.9%) of the respondents have HND whereas 35 of the

respondents representing (52.2) possessed ND/NCE and 4 of the respondents representing

(5.9%) have SSCE certificate. From the data presented in the above table, one can deduce

that majority of the respondents have NCE/ND.

TABLE 4.3 YEARS OF WORKING EXPERIENCE

Working experience Frequency Percentage (%)

10 years 5 7.5%

39
 8 years 20 29.8%

6 years 5 7.5%

1-5 years 37 55.2

Total 67 100%

Table 4.3 shows that 5 (7.5%) of the respondents have 10 years as their working experience,

20 (29.8%) of the respondents have 8 years as their working experience whereas 5 of the

respondents representing (7.5%) have 6 years as their working experience and 37 (55.2%) of

the respondents have five years to below as their working experience. This means that the

majority of the respondents in the library have five years to below as their working

experience.

Table 4.3.3 Frequency of using the library

Frequent use of the library No. Respondents Percentage (%)

Daily 27 40

Weekly 15 22 .4

Monthly 10 14.9

Occasionally 15 22.4

Total 67 100%

Table 4.3.3 shows that 27 respondents representing (40%) use the library daily, while 15

respondents representing (22.4%) use the library weekly, while 10 respondents represent

(14.9%) use the library monthly, and 15 respondent representing (22.4%) use library

40
occasionally. This means that the users that use the library daily have the highest frequency

while monthly uses have the lowest frequency.

TABLE 4.4 PURPOSE OF USING THE LIBRARY

Purpose of using library resources Frequency Percentage

Educational 3 4.4

Informative 9 13.4

Recreation/ Leisure 49 73.1

Research 6 8.9

Total 67 100

Table 4.4 shows that 73.1% use the library resources for leisure which is the highest which is

equivalent to 49 respondents. 9 respondents uses the library resources for informative

purposes which is equivalent to 13.4%, the number of respondents that uses the library

resources in the library for research purposes are 6 which is equivalent to 8.9% and the least

usage of library resources are 3or 4.4 % which indicates that they use it for educational

purposes. This table proves that 73.1% from the highest percentage of the number of library

users that use the information resources in the national industrial court library. This means

that majority of users use library for recreation while the least use was for educational use.

Table 4.4.4 Information resource used

Resources Frequency Percentage

E- resources 10 14.9

41
 Print resources 30 44.7

Audio-visual resources 7 10.4

E-resources and Printed ones 20 29.8

Total 67 100

Table 4.4.4 shows that printed resources had the highest rate of responses, with 30

respondents (44, 7%). This was followed by E-resources and printed resources, which

attracted 20 (29, 8%) respondents. E-resources came third, with 10 respondents (14, 9%); and

Audi-visual resources which attracted 7 (10, 4%) respondents. This is shown in the table

above.

TABLE 4.5 METHODS OF ACCESSING THE LIBRARY RESOURCES

Method of accessing resources Frequency Percentage

Through the library staff 30 44.7

Using the library catalogue 14 20.8

Browsing the shelves 10 14.9

Asking friends 13 19.4

Total 67 100

42
Table 4.5 shows that 30 respondents represent 44.7% are of the opinion that they access

materials through the use of library staff. While 14 respondents representing 20.8% are of the

opinion that they access the materials through using card catalogue, while 10 respondents

representing 14.9% are of the opinion that they access the materials through browsing the

shelves directly, and 13 respondents representing 19.4% access resources by asking friends in

the court library. This means that most of the users’ access library resources through the help

of library staff while browsing through the shelves were least method of accessing library

resources in the library

Table 4.5.5 Relevant of the resources

Relevant Frequency Percentage

To large extent 44 65.6

To some extent 21 31.4

Not relevant 2 2.9

Total 67 100

Table 4.5.5 show that, the (44) respondents out of 67 library users find library resources large

extent to their information need, 21 respondents representing 31.4 indicated that the relevance

of the library resources to their information needs are some extent and the remaining (2)

which is also equivalent to 2.9% the relevance of information to their need are not relevant.

This means that majority of the respondents indicated that the resources are relevant while

only two respondents indicated that the resources are not relevant to the users.

TABLE: 4.6 EXTENT OF INFORMATION RESOURCES ACCURACY

43
 Option Frequency Percentage (%)

very accurate 16 23

Partially accurate 37 55

Not accurate 14 22.2

Any other 0 0

very accurate 0 0

Total 67 100%

Table 4.6 shows that 16 respondents equivalent 23% indicated that the resources are accurate

in nature whereas 37 of the respondents equal to 55% shows that the library resources are

partially accurate and 14 respondents equals to 22.2% affirmed that the resources of the

library are not accurate. This means that majority of the respondents indicated that the

resources are partially accurate while the least respondents indicated that the resources are

not accurate.

Table 4.6.6 Extent of the resources content up to date

Resources content Frequency Percentage

Very up to date 12 17.9

Up to date 37 55.2

Not up to date 18 26.8

Total 67 100

44
Table 4.6.6 shows that, 12 (17.9%) of the respondents indicated that the resources are up to

date while 37 (55.2%) of the respondents indicated that the resources are up to date and 18

(26.8%) respondents indicated that the resources are not up to date. This means that the

majority of the respondents indicated that the resources are up to date while the least

respondents indicated that the resources are very up to date.

TABLE 4.7 LEVEL OF SATISFACTION

Options Frequency Percentage %

Not satisfied 32 47.8

Partially satisfied 17 25.3

Satisfied 12 17.9

Very satisfied 6 9

Total 67 100%

Table 4.7 shows that the following interpretation could be made on satisfaction derived from

using the library resources 32 or 47.8% each of respondents are not satisfied with the library

resources 17 or 25.3 % or respondents derived satisfaction which was partially while only 12

or 17.9% respondents rated it satisfied with the resources of the library and 6 or 9% of the

respondents rated it very satisfied with the resources in the national industrial court library.

This means that most of the users are satisfied while the least users are not satisfied with the

resources.

45
Question 13 The respondents were asked to list the challenges they encountered in using the

library.

 Lack of current and relevant information resources in the library

 Poor attitude of librarian toward guiding the users in providing or selecting

information

 Lack of funding from the parent organization

 Interrupted power supply.

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of the chapter is to provide summary of the study, summary of the findings,

conclusion and recommendation.

46
5.1 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted to investigate the availability and utilization of information

resources in national industrial court Library in Kano State.

In Chapter one, the background to the study was discussed. Similarly, statement of the

problem, objective of the study, research questions, the significance of the study, scope and

limitations of the study as well as conceptual definitions of the key terms were all included in

chapter one.

In Chapter two of the study, Information in National industrial court of Nigeria library,

Information resources in National industrial court of Nigeria library, Concept of services,

Concept of utilization in National industrial court of Nigeria library, Information resources

utilization in National industrial court of Nigeria library, The areas judges use information

resources in National industrial court of Nigeria library and Access tools for utilization of

information resources in National industrial court of Nigeria library as well as Summary of

the literature review were exhaustively discussed in this chapter.

Chapter three explains the methodology used in the conduct of the study in which data were

collected from the respondents and analyzed. In general, the chapter dealt with research

methodology, research design, population of the study, sample size and sampling technique,

study population. Similarly data collection instrument, validity and reliability of the

instrument, questionnaire design and administration and technique of data analysis were all

treated in the chapter.

Chapter four presents the findings of the study

47
Chapter five summarizes the major findings, draws conclusion and makes appropriate

recommendations on how the problems observed can be properly addressed as well as

Suggestions for further Study

5.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

The study is able to make the following findings:

i. The study revealed that, E-resources, printed resources and audio-visual resources

are the major information resources in the national industrial court library

investigated. The results shows that 67 (99%) of the respondents indicated that E-

resources, printed resources and audio-visual resources are available in the library

investigated.

ii. It was established that 67 (99%) users of the national industrial court library used

library daily, weekly, monthly and occasionally.

iii. The study established that users visited library for so many reasons that range

from educational reseasons, informative as well as for leisure purposes.

iv. The study revealed that users access library resources through different means.

v. The study revealed that the resources of the library are accurate to the needs of the

users.

vi. The study also affirmed that national industrial court library resources are

somewhat current considering the users responses in the library.

vii. The study revealed that users utilized libraries information resources very

effective.

viii. The study recorded that user of national industrial court library are highly satisfied

with information resources provided by the library investigated.

48
 ix. The study also revealed that there are hip-cup that affected users while utilizing

national industrial court library resources.

5.3 CONCLUSION

This study investigates the availability and utilization of information resources national

industrial court library in Kano State. The descriptive survey research design was employed

for the conduct of this study. The study was conducted in national court library in Kano State.

The population of the judges and library staff were obtained from administrative units of the

court in Kano State. The instrument use for this study is a structured questionnaire. Data

collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using the descriptive statistics, which is

frequencies, percentages (%) and mean score. A rating scale was be used to determine the

mean scores of respondents. The findings among other things revealed that there is adequate

provision of information resources in national industrial court library, that users utilized

library information resources in the library under investigation.

5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS

The researcher hereby makes the following recommendation deduced from the findings from

this study.

1. Provision of fund for the provision of utilization of information resources and services in

national industrial court library.

2. Adequate reference collections should be provided by the librarian for the national

industrial court judges

3. Information resources provided should be up to date and current

49
4. Adequate qualified knowledgeable subject based staff should be employed to handle the

delicate information provision and utilization of the national industrial court judges.

5. There should be adequate provision of infrastructural facilities to ensure security,

preservation and storage of resources and services.

6. There should be periodic evaluation of information resources and services for judges in the

national industrial court library.

7. There should be a well spelt out selection policy and criteria for the resources

5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies

The researcher hereby presents the following suggestions for further studies:

1. Availability and utilization of online resources in federal high court library in Kano State.

2. Availability, utilization and storage of information resources in medical libraries in Kano

State.

3. Information retrieval and dissemination competencies of national industrial court librarians

for effective service delivery in federal high court in Kano State.

4. Evaluation of information resources and services in national court library in Kano State.

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APPENDIX I

University of Abuja,

Department of Library and Information

Science,

faculty of Education,

University of Abuja,

P.M.R117,

Abuja, Nigeria.

July, 2024.

Dear Respondent,

59
I am a student of the above-named Department presently conducting a research titled
“Availability and Utilization of Information Resources in Special Libraries; Industrial Court
Kano State.
”. You are please requested to be as fair as possible in completing the questionnaire so that

the information obtained from this study would be of benefit to court libraries and other

related special libraries in Nigeria. Any information provided will be treated with high sense

of responsibility and confidentiality. Thank You

Yours faithfully

Ukwu Francis Onyekachi

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR LIBRARY STAFF

SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

Instruction: please tick (÷) as appropriate as possible or by writing in the space provided where

applicable.

1. Name of the Court Library. .....................................................................................................

2. Highest academic qualification:

a) Bachelors Degree in Law ( ) b) Masters Degree in Law ( ) c) Ph.D in Law ( ).

3. Years of experience as a Librarian.

60
a) 0-5( ) b) 5-10( ) c) 11-15 ( ) d) 16-20( ) e) 21-25 ( ) f) 26-30( )

g) Above 30( ).

SECTION B: INFORMATION RESOURCES

1). What type of information resources are available in national industrial court library?

Please tick (÷ ) as many as possible Key: SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, D = Disagree

and SD = Strongly Disagree

INFORMATION RESOURCES

LEGISLATION SA A ND D SD

S/N Acts

1 Statutes

2 Subsidiary legislation, References

materials

3 Qur`an, Bible, Dictionaries

4 Encyclopedias

5 Directories

6 Guides

7 Hand books

8 Year books

9 Bibliographies

61
 10 Gazettes

11 Nigeria constitution

12 Court rules

13 General guidance as to filing of suits

14 Pleadings nations

15 Trial processes evidence

16 Affidavits

17 Law journals/periodicals

18 Law digest

19 Courts records

20 Bibliographies

21 Web search tools

Section C: INFORMATION SERVICES

2.) What methods are adopted for the provision of Information resources in library under

study?

Please tick (÷) as appropriate Key: SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, D = Disagree and SD =

Strongly Disagree.

62
 S/N ITEMS SA A D SD

1 General reference service

2 Note-up service

3 Routing of current service periodical

4 Library bulletin

5 Indexing and abstracting services

6 Index to law reports

7 Indexing of judgments of the superior courts

8 Compilation of bibliographies and reading lists

9 Translation of publications issued in languages

other than English

3.) How are the information service provided in the library under study?

Please tick (÷) as appropriate Key: VHU = Very High Used, HU = High Used, LU = Low

Used and VLU = Very Low Used.

S/N ITEMS VHU HU LU VLU

1 Current awareness services

2 Selective dissemination of information

63
 3 Library instruction

4 Indexing and abstracting services

5 Referral services

6 Display and exhibition services

7 Photocopying services

8 Circulation services

9 Internet services

Section D: TOOLS USED FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION RESOURCES IN

THE LIBRARY.

4.) What are the access tools for the utilization of information Resources in the library under

study?

Please tick (÷) as appropriate Key: VGU = Very Great Used, GU = Great Used, LU = Low

Used and NU = Not Used

S/N ITEMS VGU G LU NU

1 Indexes

2 Abstracts

3 Catalogues

64
 4 Computerized indexes and abstracts

5 Full-text data bases

6 Bibliographies

7 Web search tools

8 Dictionaries

Section E: UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES AND SERVICES

5). What are the areas by which judges in National Industrial Court use information resources

in library?

Please tick (÷ ) as many as possible. Key: SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, D = Disagree

and SD = Strongly Disagree

S/N ITEMS SA A D SD

1 Legislation

2 Law reports

3 Law journals

4 Law digests

5 Law Textbooks

65
 6 Government publications

7 Reference sources

8 Newspapers and magazines

9 Court records

10 Special collections

Section F: CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH PROVISION AND UTILIZATION

OF INFORMATION RESOURCES.

6). What are the challenges associated with provisions and use of Information Resources in

the library under study?

Please tick (÷) as many as possible Key: SA = Strongly Agree; A = Agree; D = Disagree; SD

= Strongly Disagree

S/N ITEMS SA A D SD

1 Lack of funds

2 Poor planning

3 In adequate reference collections

4 Out dated information resources

66
5 Law journal, and periods, digests, government

publication

6 Inadequate staff

7 Unqualified staff

8 Poor communication skill/abilities

9 Poor salary/welfare packages

10 Lack of training and retraining of staff

11 Poor selection criteria

12 Poor perception of reference and information services by

library managers.

13 Poor infrastructural facilities

14 Lack of user’s education

15 Lack of knowledge of ICT

16 Incessant power failure

17 Information explosion

18 Failure to evaluate services

19 Lack of reference and information services

skills/qualities/competencies

20 Lack of catalogues

67
21 Negligence of duty

68