Astrophys Space Sci (2013) 346:285–289
DOI 10.1007/s10509-013-1436-z
O R I G I N A L A RT I C L E
Functional form of f (R) with power-law expansion in anisotropic
model
Vijay Singh · C.P. Singh
Received: 30 November 2012 / Accepted: 26 March 2013 / Published online: 14 May 2013
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract In this paper, we study an anisotropic Bianchi-I 2005) and weak lens (Jain and Taylor 2003) have led to
space-time model in f (R) theory of gravity in the presence the conclusion that the universe is accelerating in the cur-
of perfect fluid as a matter contains. The aim of this paper is rent epoch. It has been observed that a fluid known as dark
to find the functional form of f (R) from the field equations energy (DE) with large negative pressure is responsible for
and hence the solution of various cosmological parameters. this acceleration. Many DE models have been proposed to
We assume that the deceleration parameter to be a constant, explain the cosmic accelerated expansion (Copeland et al.
and the shear scalar proportional to the expansion scalar to 2006). A cosmological constant Λ responsible for accelera-
obtain the power-law form of the scale factors. We find that tion is the simplest candidate of DE (Sahni and Starobinsky
the model describes the decelerated phases of the universe 2000; Padmanabhan 2003), which so far best fits with the
under the choice of certain constraints on the parameters. observational data. However, the observed value of the cos-
The model does not show the acceleration expansion and mological constant is much smaller (10120 orders of smaller
also transition from past deceleration to present accelerat- magnitude) than any other energy (vacuum energy) pre-
ing epoch. We discuss the stability of the functional form of dicted by quantum physics (Peebles and Ratra 2003; Car-
f (R) and find that it is completely stable for describing the roll 2001). This problem is known as fine-tuning problem in
decelerating phase of the universe. cosmology. Therefore, there is no guiding principle for con-
struction of a promising model of cosmological constant.
Keywords f (R) gravity · Anisotropic models The second alternative of cosmological constant, which
is not stable, is a minimally coupled scalar field φ, usually
called quintessence. These scalar fields may be responsible
1 Introduction for a stage of accelerated expansion (Steinhardt et al. 1999;
Zlatev et al. 1999). A further interesting possibility is pro-
The recent developments in cosmology with the observa- vided by non-minimally coupled scalar field (Amendola
tions such as Ia supernova (Riess et al. 1998, 1999; Perlmut- 1999; Chiba 2003a). It is also mentioned that energy condi-
ter et al. 1999; Tonry et al. 2003), cosmic microwave back- tions are violated in all these kind of scalar fields. Also, these
ground anisotropy (Spergel et al. 2003), large scale structure models end with a finite future singularity known as Big
(Tegmark et al. 2004; Seljak et al. 2005; Percival et al. 2007; Rip. Modification of the gravity theory is an alternative ap-
Kamatsu et al. 2009), baryon oscillation (Eisenstein et al. proach, for example, f (R) model (Capozziello et al. 2003;
Nojiri and Odintsov 2003; Carroll et al. 2004). The f (R)
model is a modified gravity model, constructed by replacing
V. Singh · C.P. Singh () the gravitational Lagrangian with a general function of the
Department of Applied Mathematics, Delhi Technological
Ricci scalar R.
University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering),
Bawana Road, Delhi 110 042, India The f (R) gravity provides a very natural unification of
e-mail: cpsphd@[Link] the early-time inflation and late-time acceleration. It de-
V. Singh scribes the transition from deceleration to acceleration in
e-mail: gtrcosmo@[Link] the evolution of the universe (Nojiri and Odintsov 2007a,