Axiomes d'Armstrong et Solutions DF
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Tima BoucettaAxiomes d'Armstrong et Solutions DF
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Powered by AITo determine a primary key, identify a minimal set of attributes that uniquely determine all other attributes. For example, in relation R(A, B, C, D), the primary keys are identified as (A, D) and (C, D) since both of these combinations can determine all other attributes of R. Given the minimality and covering all attributes, either can be chosen as a primary key .
The functional dependencies translated from the hypotheses are as follows: 1. Num conférencier → Nom conférencier, because each speaker is associated with a unique number. 2. Nom colloque → Lieu colloque, because each colloquium is identified by its name and occurs at a single location. 3. Num conférencier, Nom colloque → Titre exposé, because a paper presentation cannot be presented by two different speakers at the same colloquium. 4. Titre exposé, Nom colloque → Num conférencier, because a speaker does not present the same paper twice during the cycle .
The closure of the set {C, D} is computed by iteratively adding attributes that can be determined by the initial set and including attributes as dictated by the dependencies. Begin with {C, D}+ = {C, D}, then using CD → EF, extend to {C, D, E, F}. Thus, all reachable attributes through the given dependencies are included .
The dependency A → D is invalid for relation R if examining the tuples reveals multiple D values corresponding to the same A value. This lack of uniqueness for determining D from A directly contradicts the definition of a functional dependency where the determinant must uniquely specify the dependent attribute .
The dependency BG → C can be deduced as follows: Since G → A, augmenting with B gives BG → AB. Because AB → C is a given dependency, by applying transitivity, BG → C is concluded. This inference relies on the chain of dependencies and their respective augmentability and transitivity .
Identifying a minimal covering involves removing extraneous attributes and dependencies. For relation R1, ensure that all dependencies are in their simplest form and eliminate any redundancy by removing any parts of the dependencies that do not contribute to the determination of the dependent attribute. This involves decomposing complex dependencies into simpler ones and checking for equivalencies and redundancies .
Elementary functional dependencies are those that are both minimal and non-redundant. For example, D → B is an elementary dependency because it is a minimal part of the functional dependency and cannot be further reduced. In contrast, dependencies such as A → D are not elementary because they do not hold, as different D values correspond to the same A value. Similarly, AB → C and AD → BC are not elementary because they are either not minimal or not valid .
The closure of the set {A, B} is determined as follows: Start with {A, B}+ = {A, B}, then B → E extends it to {A, B, E}. The dependency A → BC extends it to {A, B, C, E}. Finally, E → CF extends it to {A, B, C, E, F}. Thus, {A, B}+ = {A, B, C, E, F} .
To demonstrate the pseudo-transitivity axiom using Armstrong's axioms, consider: If X → Y and YW → Z, then via augmentation, XW → YW can be derived. By applying the transitivity axiom subsequently, XW → Z is achieved, confirming the pseudo-transitivity axiom .
The dependency AB → E can be derived as follows: Given AB → C and AB → CD by union of dependencies, and since CD → E, by transitivity, AB → E can be concluded .