Jasmine Roper

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Robin Lynn Raphel ( born 1947 ) is an American former diplomat , ambassador , CIA analyst
, lobbyist , and an expert on Islamic Republic of Pakistan affairs .In 1993 , she was appointed
by President Bill William Jefferson Clinton as the help Secretary of State Department for
Confederate States of America and telephone exchange Asiatic Affairs .She later served as
U.S .Ambassador to Tunisia from November 7 , 1997 to August 6 , 2000 , during Clinton 's
indorsement term in office staff .In the 2000s , Raphel held a number of South Asia-related
diplomatical lieu .She retired from the State Department in 2005 after 30 year of
service .After retreat , Raphel was hired to head the globose intimacy and trade
mathematical group of Cassidy & Associates , a DC lobbying firm .She returned to the
province Department in 2009 as a elder adviser on Pakistan under Richard Holbrooke ,
during the tenure of then Secretary of State Sir Edmund Hillary Clinton .Until November 2 ,
2014 , she served as coordinator for non-military aid to Pakistan .Raphel was the subject
field of a Union counterintelligence investigating .Surveillance of her communications began
in Feb , 2013 and became public noesis in October , 2014 .She was suspected of being a
Pakistani asset .After abandoning the claim that she had been spying , the FBI urged Raphel
to plead shamefaced to mishandling classified documents .Raphel refused the supplication
muckle , and in March 2016 , the Justice section declined to lodge burster against her .==
other life and education == Robin Lynn LBJ was born in Vancouver , Booker T. Washington
in 1947 to Vera and Donald Samuel Johnson , a managing director of an aluminum
works .She has two sis , Karen freezing and Deborah Johnson .She graduated from high
schooltime in Longview , Washington in 1965 .She received a B.A .in story and economics
from the University of Washington in 1969 .During her undergrad years she studied history
at the University of Greater London , and would later render to England after graduation to
study for a year at Cambridge University .In 1970 , she took a position as a teacher at
Damavand College , an Iranian women 's college in Tehran , where she taught history for
two years .She earned her sea captain 's degree in economics from the University of
Maryland .== life history == === Early diplomatic calling === American robin Raphel began
her vocation in the United States government government as an analyst at the CIA after
graduating with her captain 's point .After leaving Iran she joined the diplomatical
corporation and assisted USAID in capital of Pakistan as an economics analyst .In 1978 ,
Raphel returned to the United res publica and joined the land Department .She would take
on a range of assignments for the future decennium , including postal service in John Griffith
Chaney , until she was appointed as Political Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in Pretoria ,
South Africa in 1988 .In 1991 , she took the assignment of Political pleader at the U.S.
Embassy in New Delhi , Republic of India .=== Assistant Secretary of United States
Department of State === In 1993 , President notice Clinton appointed Raphel as the
inaugural help escritoire of commonwealth for South and Central Asian Affairs within the
Bureau of South and telephone exchange Asian Affairs , a newly created position within the
State section focused on a growing raiment of problems in Afghanistan , Pakistan and India ,
including democratic stableness , nuclear proliferation , energy access code , Islamist and
Taliban extremism , impoverishment and char 's rightfulness take .At the time , Islamic
Republic of Pakistan had not tested its nuclear capability , opting for a insurance policy of
nuclear opaqueness .: 137 India 's atomic program was at the metre also under the same
undeclared status , which ended in 1998 with the Pokhran-II tests .Tensions between
Pakistan and India over the dissonant conflict in Kashmir were threatening war between
the two land .Islamic Republic of Pakistan 's arm forcefulness and news services were using
Islamic State of Afghanistan 's agitation to create `` strategic depth '' by fostering alliances
with the Taliban .Meanwhile , democracy 's experiment in Pakistan was witnessing a
revolving door of army-induced change between the governments of Benazir Bhutto and
Nawaz Sharif .: 43 ==== India-Pakistan dispute over Cashmere ==== At the State section ,
Raphel tried to reduce tensions between India and Pakistan by engaging both body politic in
a negotiated resolution to their Jammu and Kashmir dispute .Kashmir was raised on the
order of business in Bhutto 's first DoS visit to Washington in April 1995 .It would stay on a
key topic of regional and two-sided discourse with both Republic of India and West Pakistan
throughout Clinton 's two terms in government agency .She left the nation Department 's
South Asia section in later June 1997 .==== study with Taliban during the Afghan Civil state
of war ( 1992–1996 ) ==== During her incumbency at the province section , Raphel worked
to patronize u political science insurance policy of involution and collaboration with the
Taleban .She was one of the first senior American official to meet personally with
Taliban .One of the channels for U.S.-Taliban cooperation that she prioritized was through
DOE .United States government Energy policies in the mid-1990s sought to develop
substitute supply routes to counter increasing stress in the Middle E .The Clinton
administration supported oil and throttle pipelines to transport Turkmen 's energy reserves
through Afghanistan to an way out at Pakistan 's Indian Ocean seaport of Gwadar .: 165
Unocal , an American company that was one of the many outside crude companies seeking
the rightfield to build up this pipeline , entered into negotiations with Taliban , to assure
protection for the grapevine .: 166 Raphel spoke in party favor of the pipeline project on
tripper to Afghanistan and Pakistan in April and Aug 1996 .Her meeting with Taleban leader
in 1996 to advocate for a pipeline project earned her the sobriquet `` Lady Taleban '' in the
Indian press .After Raphel 's heir Karl Inderfurth took over , the pipeline passel collapsed ,
however .: 171–174 Raphel took part in the country Department 's establishment of
diplomatic relations with the Taliban shortly after its putsch of capital of Afghanistan in
1996. : 300 ==== protagonism for Pakistan ==== Raphel entered her State Department
assignment at a time when U.S.-Pakistan carnal knowledge were strained .Sanctions
imposed by George H. W. President George W. Bush over concern about Pakistan 's
burgeoning atomic program under the Pressler Amendment banned all military linkup ,
supplying of military hardware and jet fighters , and cut off political intercourse with
Islamabad .Bhutto sought reconciliation with the President Clinton T. H. White House ,
visiting the United States in April 1995 .Bhutto , working with Pakistan 's minister
plenipotentiary to Booker T. Washington at the time , Dr. Maleeha Lodhi , sought
Congressional musical accompaniment for an elision to the Pressler Amendment that would
allow Pakistan to lease obstetrical delivery of military machine equipment that it had
already paid for .This elision to Pressler ( known as the Brown Amendment ) was strongly
supported by Raphel and by other Clinton administration officials .It was put into
impression in Nov 1995 , permitting the sometime transfer to Pakistan of $ 368M of
equipment that had been blocked by the Pressler Amendment .: 78 ===== literary criticism
from India ===== Raphel became unpopular with Amerindic metier in 1993 , after publicly
describing Kashmir as a `` disputed district . ''India 's position is that Jammu and Kashmir ,
having been ceded to India in 1947 by their maharajah , are an integral part of India 's
district .Raphel 's advocacy for dialogue between India and West Pakistan was perceived as
an plan of attack on Bharat 's territorial reserve integrity .Also in the 1990s , Indian
functionary who had tapped Raphel 's earpiece learned that she had favored a United
Nations resolution condemning India 's natural action in Cashmere , but was overruled by
'higher-ups . 'Raphel 's decades of study with Pakistan led Amerind culture medium to
consider her a `` brazenly pro-Pakistan partizan in Capital . ''According to Richard Leiby ,
writing about the 1993 incident in 2014 after the FBI investigating of Raphel became public
cognition : To the ferocity of Republic of India , she suggested Pakistan still had valid claim
to the scrap territory of Kashmir , saying the U.S. did not believe Kashmir `` is forever more
an integral part of India . ''Even now , Native American medium berate Raphel and
delectation in her flow difficulties .=== Ambassador to Republic of Tunisia === In Nov
1997 , Robin Raphel was appointed as United land Ambassador to Republic of Tunisia .