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Theory in Quantitative Nursing Research

Community study

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1213skylar
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16 views12 pages

Theory in Quantitative Nursing Research

Community study

Uploaded by

1213skylar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 7

Question 1 (1 point)

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Which is true about a study framework?

Question 1 options:

It guides nurses in clinical practice.

It explains a portion of a theory.

It is one of the major ideas of a theory.

It is the underlying methodology used in research.

Question 2 (1 point)

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Which statement is true about theory and qualitative studies?

Question 2 options:

Qualitative studies rely on conceptual frameworks and not on theory.

Qualitative studies are not based on theory.

Qualitative studies may be used to create theory.

Qualitative studies use theory in the same way as quantitative studies.

Question 3 (1 point)

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A researcher is studying how anxiety affects coping with chronic disease and theorizes that measures to
reduce anxiety will improve subjects’ ability to cope with day-to-day demands of self-care. In this
example, anxiety and coping are
Question 3 options:

assumptions.

concepts.

philosophies.

theories.

Question 4 (1 point)

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The building blocks for theory are

Question 4 options:

empirical testing.

concepts.

hypotheses.

models.

Question 5 (1 point)

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When reviewing various theoretical frameworks, the nurse researcher identifies several viewpoints
about how nurses should engage with terminally ill patients. These viewpoints represent

Question 5 options:

abstract ideas.

assumptions.

concrete ideas.

philosophies.

Question 6 (1 point)
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Which statement is true about research frameworks?

Question 6 options:

Every qualitative study has an implicit or explicit research framework.

Research frameworks for psychological studies are usually derived from physiology, genetics, pathophysiology, and
physics.

Research frameworks come from grand nursing theories.

A research framework is a concrete, logical structure of meaning.

Question 7 (1 point)

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A nurse researcher develops a study to assist patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to lose weight by alte
ring eating patterns. The researcher states, “Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus desire to control weig
ht to gain better glycemic control.” This statement is a(n)

Question 7 options:

assumption.

concept.

philosophy.

theory.

Question 8 (1 point)

Saved

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A nurse researcher will measure the effects of infant and parent bonding on infant weight gain in the first
6 months of life. The nurse will evaluate the number of times each day that the parent holds the infant.
This measure is an example of a(n)

Question 8 options:

abstract idea.

concept.

concrete idea.

phenomenon.

Question 9 (1 point)

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When a nurse researcher develops a plan for conducting a quantitative study, the theory on which the
study is based is described as?

Question 9 options:

The framework

The assumption

The hypothesis

The purpose

Question 10 (1 point)

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The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention. The nurse
identifies various health promotion activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night
—as components of self-care. In this example, “self-care” is a

Question 10 options:

concept.
construct.

theory.

variable.

Question 11 (1 point)

Saved

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The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention. The nurse
identifies various health promotion activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night
—as components of self-care. In this example, “health promotion” is a

Question 11 options:

concept.

construct.

theory.

variable.

Question 12 (1 point)

Saved

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The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention. The nurse
identifies various health promotion activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night
—as components of self-care. In this example, “hours of sleep” is a

Question 12 options:

concept.

construct.

theory.

variable.

Question 13 (1 point)
Saved

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The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention. The nurse
identifies various health promotion activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night
—as components of self-care. In this example, “effects of self-care on disease prevention” is a

Question 13 options:

concept.

construct.

theory.

variable.

Question 14 (1 point)

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Which is an important characteristic of a variable?

Question 14 options:

It is broad and encompasses several ideas.

It is constant from one instance to another.

It is less specific than a concept.

It is measurable and changeable.

Question 15 (1 point)

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Which is true about a conceptual definition in a research study?

Question 15 options:
It defines how a concept can be manipulated in a study.

It describes how a concept may be measured in a study.

It is comprehensive and includes associative meanings.

It is more specific than a dictionary definition.

Question 16 (1 point)

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In a study about childhood obesity, the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of
weight for height measures, body mass index (BMI), body image, self-esteem, and social norms. When
discussing body image, self-esteem, and social norms, the researcher is describing the

Question 16 options:

conceptual definition.

dependent variable.

independent variable.

operational definition.

Question 17 (1 point)

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In a study about childhood obesity, the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of
weight for height measures, body mass index (BMI), body image, self-esteem, and social norms. The
researcher states that a BMI less than the 95th percentile represents overweight. This statement is a(n)

Question 17 options:

conceptual definition.

dependent variable.

independent variable.
operational definition.

Question 18 (1 point)

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A researcher discusses how endorphins released during aerobic exercise cause a heightened sense of
well-being in subjects. This discussion is a

Question 18 options:

conceptual definition.

operational definition.

relational statement.

theoretical framework.

Question 19 (1 point)

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When a researcher analyzes data obtained from study variables for possible significant relationships
among these variables, the researcher is testing the

Question 19 options:

abstract ideas.

conceptual definitions.

relationship statements.

study assumptions.

Question 20 (1 point)

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Which statement is true about the hypothesis in a research study?


Question 20 options:

It clearly identifies concepts.

It is written at a higher level of abstraction than a general proposition.

It is not testable.

It makes a statement about specific relationships among variables.

Question 21 (1 point)

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Which nursing theorist developed a grand nursing theory?

Question 21 options:

Brennaman

Orem

Pender

Swanson

Question 22 (1 point)

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A nurse researcher discusses a theory about the stigma of chronic illness in children and describes
aspects of chronic illness including aesthetic qualities, causes of the condition, and concealability of the
disease as dimensions of this stigma. In this case, “aesthetic qualities, causes of the condition, and
concealability of the disease” are

Question 22 options:

concepts.

constructs.

theories.
variables.

Question 23 (1 point)

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The level of theory often derived from evidence-based guidelines is

Question 23 options:

grand theory.

grounded theory.

mid-range theory.

practice theory.

Question 24 (1 point)

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Which nursing theorist developed a middle range theory for nursing?

Question 24 options:

Orem

King

Mishel

Rogers

Question 25 (1 point)

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In the introduction to a study, the researcher explains why self-esteem is expected to affect obesity. The
explanation of this relationship represents which aspect of the study?
Question 25 options:

Concept

Construct

Framework

Theory

Question 26 (1 point)

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Which will the researcher use to display the concepts and relationships in a theoretical framework?

Question 26 options:

Construct

Graph

Model

Theory

Question 27 (1 point)

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The level of theory derived from the analysis of data is

Question 27 options:

grounded theory.

grand theory.

mid-range theory.

practice theory.

Question 28 (1 point)
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Which statements would the nurse researcher recognize as being true when critically appraising a
framework? (Select all that apply.)

Question 28 options:

Critical appraising a framework requires the identification and evaluation of the concepts, their definitions, and the
statements linking the concepts.

Study findings should not be linked back to the research framework.

Researchers usually link the findings back to the framework and other literature in the results section of the
research report.

Researchers must judge the adequacy of the linkages of concepts to variables, measurement of research or
dependent variables, and implementation of independent variables.

The discussion section is where the critical appraisal guidelines are applied to frameworks that were derived from a
grand nursing theory.

Question 29 (1 point)

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Which of the following are true statements about middle range theories? (Select all that apply.)

Question 29 options:

They may emerge from a grounded theory study.

They are more abstract and wider in scope than grand nursing theories.

Practice theories are a type of middle range theories that are more specific.

Nurses providing patient care and nurse researchers find them less helpful.

They are sometimes called substantive theories.

Common questions

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A clearly defined hypothesis specifying relationships among variables is essential as it sets the study's focus, directing data collection and analysis to test predicted outcomes. A poorly defined hypothesis can lead to ambiguous research goals, confounding results, and ineffective analysis which undermines the research's validity and reliability .

The discussion of endorphins during aerobic exercise reflects a relational statement as it posits a causal relationship between exercise-induced endorphin release and enhanced well-being. This kind of statement links physiological processes to psychological outcomes, highlighting an interdependent relationship necessary for understanding and modeling complex behaviors .

Abstract ideas in theoretical frameworks are more generalized and can guide broader understanding and hypothesis generation, while concrete ideas provide specific, actionable guidance directly applicable in clinical practice. The use of abstract ideas allows for conceptual exploration, whereas concrete ideas facilitate direct application and problem-solving in specific contexts, balancing theoretical insight with practical applicability .

A nurse researcher should consider the clarity of concept definitions, the logical consistency in linking concepts, the adequacy of the framework in addressing the research question, and the alignment of concepts with study variables. Evaluating these aspects ensures that the framework effectively guides study findings and supports robust evidence-based inferences .

Qualitative studies may be used to create theory, unlike quantitative studies that often rely on hypothesis testing derived from existing theories. This impacts research methodology as qualitative studies often develop frameworks during the research process rather than relying on pre-existing thematical bases, allowing more flexibility and adaptation to real-world complexities .

Concepts are general ideas that form the foundation of more specific constructs, which are developed for specific contexts in research. Constructs often involve theoretical elaboration that extends beyond elementary concepts. This distinction is vital because constructs provide the scaffolding needed for developing testable theories and operational definitions .

Measurability is crucial for variables as it allows researchers to quantify and empirically observe phenomena, facilitating the testing of hypotheses. This ability to measure variables directly influences the robustness of research outcomes, ensuring findings are evidence-based and reproducible, which is critical for validating theoretical propositions .

Middle range theories are distinguished by their specific focus, narrower scope, and moderate level of abstraction as opposed to grand theories, which are broad and conceptual. Practice theories, a type of middle range theory, focus on specific phenomena in clinical practice, providing actionable insights into patient care. Middle range theories often emerge from practice or grounded theory studies to fill the gap between grand theoretical constructs and the particulars of clinical practice .

In quantitative studies, a theoretical framework serves as the foundation for the study, describing the theory which informs the research questions, methodology, and interpretation of results. Unlike philosophical assumptions which are underlying beliefs about reality, a theoretical framework is a structured, evidence-based model guiding the research process .

Every qualitative study has a research framework, either implicitly influencing the research approach or explicitly outlined. This means that even when unstated, underlying frameworks guide data collection and interpretation, embedding research within contextual theories or narratives, often making qualitative data rich with contextual meaning .

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