| cece NOR cast Copyright infringement is a violation of federal law subject to criminal and civil penalties, AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL ® National Design Specification® for Wood Construction 2015 EDITION ANSI/AWC NDS-2015 . Approval date September 30, 2014Updates and Errata ‘While every precaution has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this document, errors may have occurred during development, Updates or Errata are posted to the American Wood Council website at [Link], Technical inquiries may be addressed to info@[Link]. The American Wood Council (AWC) is the voice of North American traditional and engineered wood products. From a renewable resource that absorbs and sequesters carbon, the wood products industry makes products that are essential to everyday life. AWC’s engineers, technologists, scientists, and building code experts develop state-of-the-art engineering data, technology, and standards on structural ‘wood products for use by design professionals, building officials, and wood products manufacturers to assure the safe and efficient design and use of wood structural components. ction or transfer authorizedWw AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL ® National Design Specification® for Wood Construction 2015 EDITION Copyright © 2014 ANSI/AWC NDS-2015 American Wood Council Approval date September 30, 2014i PRU UA aa National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction 2015 Edition First Web Version: November 2014 978-1-940383-05-7 Copyright © 2014 by American Wood Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, without limitation, electronic, optical, or mechanical means (by way of example and not limitation, photocopying, or recording by or in an information storage retrieval system) without express written permission of the American Wood Council. For information on permission to copy material, please contact: Copyright Permission American Wood Council 222 Catoctin Circle, SE, Suite 201 Leesburg, VA 20175 info@[Link] AMERICAN WOO0 COUNGIEPRU NS A ea i FOREWORD The National Design Specification® for Wood Construction (NDS®) was first issued by the Na- tional Lumber Manufacturers Association (now the American Wood Council) (AWC) in 1944, under the litle National Design Specification for Stress-Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings. By 1971, the scope of the Specification had broadened to include additional, wood products. In 1977, the title was changed to reflect the new nature of the Specification, and the content was rearranged to simplify its use. The 1991 edition was reorganized in an easier to use “equation format”, and many sections were rewritten to provide greater clatity. In 1992, the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA) - formerly the National Forest Products, Association — was accredited as a canvass sponsor by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) The Specification subsequently gained approval as an American National Standard designated ANSUNE,PA, NDS-1991 with an approval date of October 16, 1992 In 2010, AWC was separately incorporated, re- chartered, and accredited by ANSI as a standards developing organization. The current edition of the Standard is designated ANSVAWC NDS-2015 with an approval date of September 30, 2014. In developing the provisions of this Specification, the most reliable data available from laboratory tests and experience with structures in service have been carefully analyzed and evaluated for the purpose of providing, in convenient form, a national standard of practice. It is intended that this Specification be used in conjunction with competent engineering design, accurate fabrication, and adequate supervision of construction. Particular attention is directed to Sec- AMERICAN WOO0 COUNGIE tion 2.1.2, relating to the designer's responsibility to make adjustments for particular end uses of structures. Since the first edition of the NDS in 1944, the Association's Technical Advisory Committee has continued to study and evaluate new data and devel- opments in wood design. Subsequent editions of the Specification have included appropriate revisions to provide for use of such new information, This edi- tion incorporates numerous changes considered by AWC’s ANSF-accredited Wood Design Standards Committee, The contributions of members of this, Committee to improvement of the Specification as a national design standard for wood construction are especially recognized. Acknowledgement is also made to the Forest Products Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, for data and publications generously made avail- able, and to the engineers, scientists, and other users who have suggested changes in the content of the Specification, AWC invites and welcomes comments, inquiries, suggestions, and new data relative to the provisions of this document. tis intended that this document be used in con- junction with competent engineering design, accurate fabrication, and adequate supervision of construction. AWC does not assume any responsibility for errors, or omissions in the document, nor for engineering designs, plans, or construction prepared from it, Those using this standard assume all liability aris- ing from its use. The design of engineered structures, is within the scope of expertise of licensed engineers, architects, or other licensed professionals for applica- tions to a particular structure. American Wood CouncilPRU NS A ea AMERICAN WOO0 COUNGIETABLE OF CONTENTS PRU UA aa Requirements for ‘Structural Design 1.1 Scope 1.2 General Requirements 1.3 Standard as a Whole 1.4 Design Procedures 155 Specifications and Plans 1.6 Notation 2 Design Values for Structural Members 2.1 General 2.2 Reference Design Values 2.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 3 Design Provisions and Equations 3.1 General 3.2 Bending Members ~ General 3.3 Bending Members ~ Flexure 3.4 Bending Members ~ Shear 3.5 Bending Members - Deflection 3.6 Compression Members - General 3.7 Solid Columns 3.8 Tension Members 3.9 Combined Bending and Axial Loading 3.10 Design for Bearing 4 Sawn Lumber 4.1 General 4.2 Reference Design Values 4.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 4.4 Special Design Considerations 5 Structural Glued Laminated Timber 5.1 General 5.2 Reference Design Values 5.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 5.4 Special Design Considerations 6 Round Timber P. 6.1 General 6.2 Reference Design Values 6.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values nd Piles 7 Prefabricated Wood I-Jolsts 7.1 General 7.2 Reference Design Values 7.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 7.4 Special Design Considerations Page Besse 9 10 10 10 13 14 15 15 17 19 20 21 22 2 23 25 26 27 28 31 33 34 35 36 39 43 44 44 44 47 48. 48. 48. 50 Te Page 8 Structural Composite Lumber 51 8.1 General 8.2 Reference Design Values 52 8.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 52 8.4 Special Design Considerations 54 9 Wood Structural Panels 55 9.1 General 56 9.2 Reference Design Values 56 9.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 57 9.4 Design Considerations 58 10 Cross-Laminated Timber 59 10.1 General 60 10.2 Reference Design Values 60 10.3 Adjustment of Reference Design ‘Values 60 10.4 Special Design Considerations 2 11 Mechanical Connections 63 11.1 General 64 11.2 Reference Design Values 65 11.3 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 65 12 Dowel-Type Fasteners 73 12.1 General 4 12.2 Reference Withdrawal Design Values 76 12.3 Reference Lateral Design Values 80 12.4 Combined Lateral and Withdrawal Loads 86 12.5 Adjustment of Reference Design Values 86 12.6 Multiple Fasteners 90 13 it Ring and Shear Plate Connectors 117 13.1 General 118 13.2 Reference Design Values 119 13.3 Placement of Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors 125 14 Timber Rivets 131 14.1 General 132 14.2 Reference Design Values 132 14,3 Placement of Timber Rivets 134 AMERICAN WOO0 COUNGIEPL! PaTite Pig 15 Special Loading Conditions 143 15.1 Lateral Distribution of a Concentrated Load 144 15.2 Spaced Columns 144 15.3 Built-Up Columns 146 15.4 Wood Columns with Side Loads and Eccentricity 149 16 Fire Design of Wood Members 151 16.1 General 152 16.2 Design Procedures for Exposed Wood Members 152 16.3 Wood Connections 154 Appendix 155 Appendix A (Non-mandatory) Construction and Design Practices 156 Appendix B (Non-mandatory) Load Duration (ASD Only) 158 Appendix C (Non-mandatory) Temperature Effects 160 Appendix D (Non-mandatory) Lateral Stability of Beams 161 Appendix E (Non-mandatory) Local Stresses in Fastener Groups 162 AMERICAN WO00 COUNGIE Pacvrile Page Appendix F (Non-mandatory) Design for Creep and Critical Deflection Applications 167 Appendix G (Non-mandatory) Effective ‘Column Length 169 Appendix H (Non-mandatory) Lateral Stability of Columns 170 Appendix I (Non-mandatory) Yield Limit Equations for Connections 1m Appendix J (Non-mandatory) Solution of Hankinson Formula 174 Appendix K (Non-mandatory) Typical Dimensions for Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors 177 Appendix L (Non-mandatory) Typical Dimensions for Dowel-Type Fasteners and Washers 178 Appendix M (Non-mandatory) Manufacturing Tolerances for Rivets and Steel Side Plates for Timber Rivet Connections 182 Appendix N (Mandatory) Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) 183, References 185