Qu. - TT =a inp +b _ At the ice paint = Ty = oaln2? +b _ oe : 32 = a \InQ tb ea (i) Ak the bears pomt i Te = OO Ina + b BQi2=5 a Ind th = eu By e a in os 2899-4 o2F bs - 14g Tay = olnes b T= 259.7027 Ime = . Tp—= 314-324 F - = - Te is the Serpe @ ot P iene da. op = ap= 3v +6 AZ. Wein: For wever sible @rocess ie tay = Pav MY, My = (By v x ws [hae Peds > 2 _ Th s {| me w= facet scat Feu = 6x2] we [eve] +Pe4 ae Uae BO) bey ond a ma ig the uwoxskdane —ausins_ O,-c, Hy spe Ling.9a — - AZ, Now _ given. — ee —— Pie Bter ve ie mf kg = { PS 06 bop 2 =o fl Betty Precast Ea Py= 2bay — 200 kK po Toitial specific volume. tt My =O LB 93 J isg Final Pressuse 2 = 0-6 bay = 66 kpa ——_foxr_Tntol pressume — + - E, = t=) c= Pv? = 2 Co-I§y= 9.32 _ | 7 = é — _ : __ Fox Fina pressure a X Bos cy Wie Cs 432 = 1-62 | 2 Fi: Go Vy = Wf 62 0.402 5 fox _tevewsible process a ie “My My | 4 = f Pdyv. _C dvs cf 4 od iM My iy NE ge SR —————_Gyor 0's _ tay! Wy = C i ~ et) ] a yams | i) a) to = Q. 22% 3.664 woe 29.8% kT faeof all thea | io. bet Ne. cycle completed ty systera Der Toeyele Ge one be otal Head aed = {Sox Sen KS Amie Precess cat WI = ROT /min QE uy > AW 20 = © KT Jin ,AVU= -26 ka l/min Se kite pias 9| froe —PRAS ESS — RE 4, ——— i AZ» Veoun _ | = 186 She ke /mio us: ws? JANE: = = or A eS = 6 RL Ait, — = ay $F 80. a ~ WIS 99 kT 7 - = = Eo pace q-* —= __ = 7 Use 2QO Ki/mia, AY = Io tT /mie Q= uw + AL = = 245 +180 ' 546 kT l/min _ = & & Fox pxecess ear = Te = Beet Beet Op, = Gye = 2230 KT Ai mee : I To piss inusohy ED > Oe us L RAD he ey Biles Aide = ame depo Ah tad _ Aeon = 2 4 Ot UGANS t BEO 4 Layer — Ud sre RIG KT /enin. _ | Qa = Wen Ate 8 2490 +AU aee Agcn= ~260 KT/mn §s_ a (@)_ Thexens dynamics eubing Re xcmadynamics compublng sefeys to the applicalon — of, —thercmedyaric principles tn the design ond opemtee —f sopuintineal_syttem This cacept eenewges faeces x the need to undersinod the findomental a __cempptalom in xelation — a: and heat _dissipa Hon ‘Us Thexcrendynamics. ok Quantum Computing —__ haw guentum ——ssclyrormic low, Pantie. nferencabics:Qe. A2y Vern The Pisst law of thesmadynamics slates that | the otal the total ehewyy of a clased sy IS___ CamSeyved meaning the enexgy cidded tothe — System as heat-C@) cinuy the tooxk dane by . the __sygtera Cw) equal the change im interned emergy (Au (0) Process 3 In io Spnexal process, energy con be — fronsferved as heat oF wioxk 5 leading tao change +—in_imter nal __enevau . “The law) enSoxes that any — {heat added to the _systern iS _sithex Atnwed ox imbexnal enevqy 0 _usecl to _pexfesra _uoexk of the Surroundings. Se 7 a {) Cyclic process § For Cyc hic _pyecess, the _ | _systerm setmsn 4o it, inital stote 159 O02 0 _ I “Thus 5 Hhe Jrixst lous Simplifies. to Q= Why ind teatis that +thye beak adder equals the work done k the system —duxning One _cerple te 2ycle . : St. = a Path — Foaction. +7 Depends onthe _ Specific path taken durning ——__& _prace ss tl Examples $ Wark Cu) ond heal CQ) - Theis Value can. ert tO etd iAza VOawts. vw vary based _ onthe process Sink Eumeban = _ xo ods —eoly on the state of lhe siyster ot pins sees sae tf ages thy wal \ Siete wos. achieved Sk -__ Examples Internal energy, CUD, lem perodore (1) _pvessove (PD, and het »_Thexenn nubviom, e $A — - ih State where all _ _enacro scopic propesttes | — 2a “ro + tine _systera witty no { net Os A enero o_includes hey mal » mechanical and chemical Sartre inn ~ Theemal Equilibrio motion obeve tuo systema in thermal tack howe the game fempmahne, wsullicy m__ns heat exchange belwecn them Propesties At amount ot Size of the syster Joss@, velame, total enexay » anch ex tophy aySteey Stua changes. operWe, change when the“TT Ala Vern gB., @) thermedyrarmic equilibshorn.t fs. o state iL ushexe a _aystem experience no net rmoces- 4 = SCaye ic [hous of, —rootten _GA_emenpyy THis. tmplies too fox ra. perapexotuse., evessure » ood - Ciremical potential _thronghesk « system mesult =gq—ne_tendency fox __spertanesid chars. CB. Limitation ot First low of, Thermodynamics —_— The _F ixst —laus—of, hexmadynamics. states thod — _—eresay is comserved but does mot addresses — dhe __Femsibilityy of processes_ot the dixee Hes, (of Spent ocesin eng Pex pe tual Motion Machine ef Hao Pixs Kind Ts ao hypothetical _raachine shot _vintels the fae of thermodynamics by producing work woi thou ar energy input + Which is impossible actondica, bythe principle ol, cotieaVa + of, enlrAy, oe) Tsethexmal vs —_adimbahe Process_ $4 on SS Toliereal ve: Bdlnbale Gvorem. \sothetroa| — “process tr temperature — iothile beat is on isedbexmal process & system, semaics — con stonk — ‘ox _exarople ihe ms —___—_] Oo _gak=xpon heat for the _Siunrnvindings —to_ raoitein a canstank | bermpevalume | Adiatotic Process 2 Lo. otvast, an ocliabattr — p 4 ccoss witha Ine _e change —eoith = eovirnomeok gh the pe wopicd cormpyessio™ _ of 9 __goa in pistnn , wlhewe tine gy healt |p ede to woos done me Masters ort lreat bronster. __ |sachoxic VS tsnhox ic pores s __ Z Igo. choxt Process - This mance maintains constant Volume Hen king, — oo 99d ino - xigied containes | inewease its pressuve uk nok its volume Lscloaniic Process | Here, p¥essune remains | ranstant white volume charges. A _corsman example is {ot Liegy usaten at atmos phenc prcsso | as heat is added, the usecden expands —_ioin Stes —___|| usbile maintaining — car Slant Pressune a) at WEDS Tea St cmweak, Gs ansfex aus polybrapte. pare ce.s3 —__— A WER: 2 - — fe Py s ee - _ | tthe inesk dene bl _dosning this process 15_ i = fe Pdu: ls [cody PB ___ yy Ve ve ently wee M gye cf vi Woy Se ai Wee Cg ye} - - tn Ws Gy-BV 1 Pte By*=e. ae ‘| Wosls tuansfey im o Adiabatic pracess- _ || Fer this process PY’ = canstont whexe Y= Cp is specific heat aohia Cn NE) a ES1-4 7 . _ This is Hoe _wosk done dosing aciabrtic peace i =